HAZARD CONTROL
By. Reny Indrayani, M.KKK.
WHAT IS HAZARD CONTROL PROGRAM ?
A control program consists of all steps necessary to
protect workers from exposure to a substance or system, and the procedures required to monitor
worker exposure and their health to hazards
OBJECT CONTROL
Kinds of Hazard :
Physical Hazard
Biological Hazard
Chemical Hazard
Physiological (Ergonomic) Hazard
HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
5 4 3 2 1ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI
(Personal Protective Equipment)
PENGENDALIAN ADMINISTRATIF (Administrative Controls) REKAYASA TEKNIK (Engineering Controls) SUBSTITUSI (Substitution) ELIMINASI (Elimination)
HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
Control Effectiveness Description Effort Elimination 100%
Hazard Removed
Remove. Redesign the process or plant so the hazard does not exist
Low
Substitution 75% you are reducing hazard
Hazard substituted with something of a lesser risk .
Moderate
Engineering Control
50% you are reducing hazard
(controlling hazard)
Hazard controlled
through isolation using an engineering
measure
Moderate
Administrative Control
25% you are now putting soft controls which rely
on people
Hazard controlled by influencing people
High
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
5% You are limiting the damage
Hazard controlled by the use of PPE
HOW DO I KNOW WHAT KIND OF CONTROL IS
NEEDED ?
Choosing a control method may involve:
Evaluating and selecting temporary or permanent
controls
Implementing temporary measures until permanent controls can be put in place
Implementing permanent controls when
PHYLOSOPHY OF CONTROL
Control as close to source as possible Start with the source !
Elimination & Substitution
Engineering Control
Administrative Control
PHYLOSOPHY OF CONTROL
A legal limit or guideline (such as an exposure limit) should never be viewed as a line between "safe" and "unsafe".
The best approach is to always keep exposures or the risk of a hazard as low as possible.
1.
ELIMINATION
Is the first consideration for controlling hazards
It is the preferred way to control a hazard and
should be used whenever possible.
Elimination is the process of removing the hazard from the workplace.
THE EXAMPLE OF ELIMINATION
Eliminate hazardous waste
2.
SUBSTITUTION
Is the second consideration for controlling hazards
It is done by substituting hazardous material or
process with a new one that is less hazardous than the original
Remember! You need to make sure the substitute material or process is not
causing any harmful effects,
THE EXAMPLE OF SUBSTITUTION
Substituting the substance (Hazardous Chemical) :
Instead Of : Consider :
Carbon tetrachloride (causes liver damage, cancer)
1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichloromethane
Benzene (causes cancer) Toluene, cyclohexane, ketones
Pesticides (causes various effects on body)
"Natural" pesticides such as pyrethrins
Organic solvents (causes various effects on body)
Water-detergent solutions
Leaded glazes, paints, pigments (causes various effects on body)
Versions that do not contain lead
Sandstone grinding wheels (causes severe respiratory illness due to silica)
THE EXAMPLE OF SUBSTITUTION
Substituting the substance (Hazardous Chemical) :
THE EXAMPLE OF SUBSTITUTION
Substituting the process :
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
If hazard elimination or substitution is not feasible, engineering controls should be considered next.
Engineering controls are methods that are built into the design of a plant, equipment, or process to
minimize the hazard.
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process control (intervention)
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
A. PROCESS CONTROL Process control involves changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.
Monitoring should be done before and
after the change is implemented to make sure the changes did result in lower
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
A. PROCESS CONTROLExamples : • Use wet
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
A. PROCESS CONTROLExamples : • Use an
appropriate
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
A. PROCESS CONTROLExamples :
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
B. ENCLOSURE & ISOLATION
An enclosure keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker.
The enclosure itself must be well maintained to prevent leaks.
Care must be taken when the enclosure is opened for maintenance as exposure could occur if
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
B. ENCLOSURE & ISOLATION
Example :
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
B. ENCLOSURE & ISOLATION
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
B. ENCLOSURE & ISOLATION Isolation places the hazardous process
"geographically" away from the majority of the workers.
Common isolation techniques are to create a contaminant-free booth either around the
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
B. ENCLOSURE & ISOLATIONExample :
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
B. ENCLOSURE & ISOLATION
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
C. VENTILATION Ventilation is a method of control that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment.
There are 2 types of mechanical ventilation systems
Dilution (or general) ventilation reduces the
concentration of the contaminant by mixing the contaminated air with clean, uncontaminated air.
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
C. VENTILATIONDilution / General ventilation
Ventilation supplies and exhausts large amounts of air to and from an area or building
Dilution must be limited to only situations where:
the amounts of pollutants generated are not very high,
their toxicity is relatively moderate, and
workers do not carry out their tasks in the immediate vicinity of the source of
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
C. VENTILATION3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
C. VENTILATIONLocal exhaust ventilation
A local exhaust ventilation system consists :
1. A hood 2. Ductwork
3. A fan which draws the
air from the hood
4. Air cleaning devices
may also be present that can remove
3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
C. VENTILATION3.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Administrative controls limit workers' exposures by scheduling shorter work times in contaminant areas or by implementing other "rules".
These control measures have many limitations
because the hazard itself is not actually removed or reduced.
Administrative controls are not generally favoured because they can be difficult to implement,
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Methods of scheduling shorter work times include:
Scheduling maintenance and other high exposure operations for times when few workers are present (such as evenings, weekends).
Using job-rotation schedules that limit the amount of time an individual worker is exposed to a substance.
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Developing and implementing standard operating procedures (SOP).
Training and education of employees about the operating procedures.
Keeping equipment well maintained.
Preparing and training for emergency response for incidents such as spills, fire, or employee injury.
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Training must cover not only how to do the job safely but it must also ensure that workers
understand the hazards of their job.
It must also provide them with information on how to protect themselves and co-workers.
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Good housekeeping is essential to prevent the accumulation of hazardous or toxic materials. (Method : 5S)
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Personal hygiene practices are another effective way to reduce the amount of a hazardous
material absorbed, ingested or inhaled by a worker.
They are particularly effective if the
contaminant(s) can accumulate on the skin, clothing or hair.
4.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Example :
Washing hands after handling material and before eating, drinking or smoking.
Avoiding touching lips, nose and eyes with contaminated hands.
No smoking, drinking, chewing gum or eating in the work areas - these activities should be
permitted only in a "clean" area.
5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
Final Item. Used when hazards cannot be
eliminated through engineering or administrative controls.
PPE includes items such as respirators, protective clothing such as gloves, face shields, eye
5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
Personal protective equipment should never be the only method used to reduce exposure except
under very specific circumstances because PPE may "fail" (stop protecting the worker) with little or no warning.
