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PAPER

POLITICAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

Group Assignment of South East Asia Studies

Lecturer: Aswin Ariyanto Aziz, S.IP., M.DevSt

By:

Department of International Relations English Class Program HI I-4

 Arif Dwijatmiko ( 135120407121007)

 Sabiella Maris Adiba ( 135120407121016)

 Yoska Rini Dhara Anindhita ( 135120407121029)

 Azib Muhammad B ( 135120407121040)

Department of International Relations Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

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Political System in Indonesia

1

The political system is a thing that must be owned by every country in the world. The

political system here indirectly as an personal identity of the State and for the sake of

ensuring the continuation of a country. It could be said here, that the political system is a

system that set things about the country and set about the establishment of a State. At its

core within a country, there has to be a system set up in it because in the political

system, there was talking about the Government situation, the existing structures in a country,

and something about the people who are in the country, who later became the founding a

State guarantee.

The political system that exist in Indonesia, in historical context of the

understanding about the political system prevailing in Indonesia, and the history of the nation

in Indonesia is formed, there are several factors that must be linked and can’t to be left out as an elements of history. Indonesia has unique history in the field of the political

system and Government, there are some systems that becoming a forerunner of the formation

in our country's political system, some of those systems is a system of Government, that have

a chance to the Reformation, the electoral system, as well as the system of higher institutions

of the country function such as Executive, legislative, and judicial branches, which

explains the political system in Indonesia from the Times Colonist to the old order and

then move toward the new order to Reformation system.

In the first days of the occupation, and the nature of the political system here is still

regional in nature, where the great kingdoms that existed in Indonesia held a system of

Government based on their respective regional councils controlled by the

Kingdom. While Indonesia experienced as a traditional system phase after the system

changeand get in on the era of colonialism. Where in this era of government system in this

era is the Commonwealth. This is because the system is derivative of the colonizers of

Indonesia namely the Netherlands, where here the existence of ethical political system is

implanted to Indonesia. Ethical politics became a forerunner of the formation of the

first Commonwealth system in Indonesia. Ethical politics itself has an argument Netherlands

became a helper country of Indonesia, and Indonesia has a debt of gratitude to

the Netherlands. In this era, Indonesia had an early system of Government of the

1

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Commonwealth Secretariat is headed by the general point that exists in these areas and

spread all over Indonesia. After that phase there’s phase called the old order, soon replaced by the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno who applied a presidential political

system and parliamentary experience in exchange system.

There is a slight change when Seoharto became a president replacing Seokarno in

1966 symbolized the new order era. The dominance power lays on the Executive ( President

). The political system tends to become executive heavy which means that the power largely

lays upon the president and equipped with several constitutional rights called prerogatif

rights. The political systems anf government form was very authoritarian. Constitution gives

space for president to carry out legislative power (policy makers) and also the Executive

power (carry out the law), resulted in 32 years of “tangan besi” government lead by Seoharto

who orders must be followed without question, people were silenced, who objected

Seoharto’s order will be punished. President as a central authority, and in the legislative field

for example, president had large power in policy making whereas House of Representative

(DPR) roles just to agree to the law proposed by the president2.

After reformation in 1998 followed by the resignation of Seoharto, Indonesia has

made big achievement, one of them is The People’s Consulvative Assembly (MPR) succeed to give the Fourth Amendment of the 1945 Constitution, thus giving a chance for political

system to be rearrange and be more democratic with supremacy of law and sovereignity of

the people. Before the amandement The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) was

previously the highest state institution.

Now Indonesia conducts a type of governance that is a multiparty presidential

republic embracing the Democracy of Pancasila system. As in other democratic countries, the

Indonesian political system is based on the Trias Politica that recognizes the separation of the

legislative, executive and judicial powers. The legislative power is vested in the People's

Consultative Assembly (MPR) that consists of two houses namely the House of

Representatives (DPR) - composed of representatives of political parties, and the Regional

Representatives Council (DPD) - composed of representatives from each province in

2

http://repository.usu.ac.id,(n.d.).[online]Availableat:

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/18016/Chapter%20I.pdf;jsessioni [Accessed 18 Mar.

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Indonesia. Each province is represented by 4 delegates that are elected by the people in the

respective region3.

The executive branch consist of the president, vice president, and the cabinet of

ministers. The cabinet in Indonesia is a presidential one, in which the ministers report to the

president and do not represent the political parties in the parliament. The judicial powers are

administered by the Supreme Court, the Judicial Commission, and the Constitutional Court,

including the administration of the judges.

In General democratic system has a sense that upholds the rights of freedom of its

citizens. Citizen’s freedoms listed here i.e. covering rights can determine his own life and the equality of rights between citizens, freedom of speech, and has the right to participate directly

or indirectly in the political system, the economy, the culture that exists in the country. The

system embraced by Indonesia at present is different from the democratic political system

embraced by other countries because in application on our country’s current democratic system, here in addition to upholding the freedom of people’s rights, our political system also upholds the principle of consensus discussion without an opposition.

The Role of Political Parties in Indonesia:

1. As a Political Communication

2. Parties as a deputy of political articulation

3. Political Parties as a aggregation step

4. As a Political Socialization

5. As the way to took a masses

6. As the way to controlized the government

Benefit of Indonesian Political System

1. The executive branch is more stable because it does not depend on the position of

parliament

2. Minister can not be voted down by the Parliament because minister report to the

president not the parliament.

3. The executive term of office is determined (5years)

3

Indonesia.go.id, (2010). Portal Nasional RI - Politics and Government. [online] Available at:

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4. A sufficient human resources to compete, and has a strong character to get into the

legislature4

5. Direct election system, and the citizen can be free to vote and be involved in policy

making and politics through their representative.

6. System of government is set up in the constitution

7. Centralized bureaucratic system, which allows the president to make policy rapidly

8. Legislature may determine the admissibility of a policy

9. People are free to determine who is their representative

10.The President has a full rights as head of state and head of government

11.Every citizen has the freedom associated rights including the freedom of human

rights.

Disadvantages of Indonesian Political System

1. Mapping of political power in each region isn’t same or equal

2. Executive power beyond the direct control of the legislature so as to give rise to

absolute power

3. All policies and decisions depends by the central government

4. Not cause a sense of competition between regions, which could cause a slow progress

on political education

5. The ruling party has the most votes in the election, may be legislative authorities, and

could be a government opposition, if the President couldn’t a bearer party of the ruling party legislators. And such of failure is also feared in Latin American countries,

since the collapse of a government can be caused by a lack of Presidential power

itself.5

6. Accountability system isn’t clear

7. Making decisions / public policy generally results bargaining between the executive

and the legislative and also require a long time.

8. With the freedom of speech, risk on being negative and not paying attention to ethics .

4

Markus G. Jud, S. (n.d.). Systems of Democracy. [online] Democracy-building.info. Available at:

http://www.democracy-building.info/systems-democracy.html [Accessed 18 Mar. 2015].

5 Scott Mainwaring and Matthew S. Shugart (eds). 1997. Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America .

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Political Issues in Indonesia nowdays

current political issues in Indonesia is the number of political parties in Indonesia,

which resulted in many and frequent change of Indonesia's political system from the old

order, the new order to the present order of reform. Often it makes political instability

situation in Indonesia. In addition, the new reform Indonesia organizes direct presidential

elections only three times untill now. Making the age of democracy in Indonesia is still quite

young. Many interests are taken by a political party and usually causing the clash of interests,

see the current issue of political issues between koalisi merah putih (KMP) supporting

prabowo and koalisi indonesia hebat (KIH) supporting Joko Widodo start from scratch for the

2014 -2019 presidential nomination to President Unmatched completed two camps remain

survive that to get into parliament.

Issue on both sides currently rise again when the turn of the general chairman of

Golkar party switched its support in KMP to KIH previously switched his support to the

camp, it is becoming chaotic that many issue in Indonesia due to the shift of the Golkar party

support changing and the political map and the map of support in parliament Because The

Golkar party is the party of big voters to two after the PDIP. Often dynamics that occur in

Indonesian politics is how the legal politics Often Becomes an important issue, how some

interest groups are pro law must collide with the political world that has a good variety of

individual and group interests. Like the case of lizard and crocodile are currently being

preached by many in the media, the case of KPK and POLRI. Also be political conditions in

it. The diversity tribe and culture in Indonesia is also often be one of the issues that cause

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Manan, Bagir. 1995 Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Konstitusi Suatu Negara. Mandar

Maju: Bandung

http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=&to=id&a=http://www.indonesia-investments.com/id/budaya/politik/sejarah-prakolonial/item123 dowloaded in 17th

March 2015 at 09.03 WIB

http://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/politics/item65 downloaded in 17th March

2015 at 10.15 WIB

http://www.indonesia-investments.com/id/budaya/politik/ikhtisar-struktur-politik/item385

downloaded in 17th March 2015 at 10.22 WIB

http://www.slideshare.net/hananalv/latar-belakang-25024441 downloaded in 16th March

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