SKRIPSI
AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL COHESIVE DEVICES
USED IN BARACK OBAMA’S FAREWELL SPEECH TEXT
By
VIDYA KUSUMASTUTI
NIM. 201432061
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL COHESIVE DEVICES
USED IN BARACK OBAMA’S FAREWELL SPEECH TEXT
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing
the Sarjana Program in English Education
By
VIDYA KUSUMASTUTI
NIM. 201432061
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Ana ‘Inda Dzonni Abdi bi...
(Narrated by Bukhori and Muslim)
Change will not come if we wait for some other person, or if we wait for some other time. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. We are the change that we seek.
(Barack Obama)
Feel the fear and do it anyway. (Susan Jefers)
DEDICATION
This Skripsi is dedicated to:
Her beloved parents (Mr. Rohmad and Mrs. Sri Astuti)
Her beloved sister (Rachma Dwi Wijayanti)
This is to certify that the approved by the Skripsi
Committee.
Kudus, 23rd of July 2018
Advisor I
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. NIDN. 0603076101
Kudus, 23rd of July 2018
Advisor II
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.S., M.Pd. NIDN. 0607037804
Acknowledged by
Head of English Education Department,
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd., M.Pd NIDN. 0612077901
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ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Vidya Kusumastuti (201432061) has been
Skripsi advisors for further approval by the Examining
of July 2018
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd.
of July 2018
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.S., M.Pd.
Head of English Education Department,
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd., M.Pd
EXA
This is to certify that the
reviewed by the Examining Committee as a requirement for
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. NIDN. 0603076101
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.S., M.Pd. NIDN. 0607037804
Drs. Suprihadi, M. Pd NIDN. 0016065701
Aisyah Ririn Perwikasih Utari., S.S., M.Pd NIDN. 0628018502
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.P
vi
MINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Vidya Kusumastuti (201432061) has been reviewed by the Examining Committee as a requirement for research.
Kudus, 1st of August 2018
Examining Committee:
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. , Chairperson
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.S., M.Pd. , Member
Drs. Suprihadi, M. Pd , Member
Ririn Perwikasih Utari., S.S., M.Pd , Member
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education,
Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.P
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. With the name of God let me thank to Allah SWT for His mercies, blessings, and guidance so I could be able to accomplish this final project entitled An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text.
This final project is not merely my own work because of having been greatly improved by some great people around me who suggested and guided me by giving comments and advises to make it better. One point; this final project is arranged to fulfil the one or requirements for completing the sarjana program. Therefore I would like to express great gratitude to:
1. Dr. Suparnyo, S.H., M.S as the Rector University of Muria Kudus.
2. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd. as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
3. Nuraeningsih, S.Pd,M.Pd. the Head of English Education Department. 4. Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. as the first advisor, for all the time, advice,
patience and attention to me in completing this final project.
5. Agung Dwi Nur Cahyo,S.Pd,M.Pd. as my second advisor who had been wise to give corrections and suggestions.
6. The lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
7. My beloved parents, (Mr. Rohmad and Mrs. Sri Astuti) and my one and only sister (Rachma Dwi Wijayanti) and my family who give me love, pray, and support.
8. MyLittleFams; my sisters from another mother, my over 17 years best friend (and still counting) who was supporting and accompanying me and pray for me and also my two brothers from another father. (Annisa Nurul fitriana, Achmad Chabib Ainul Mucharror, Shohibul Humam)
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10. All of my ESA 2014-2016 team and English Education Department’s friends especially at who give me lessons, spread happiness and courage all around me while completing this final project.
11. My SAR team and all people in Self Access Room that give me memorable moments during 2016-2017. I love you guys! (Mb Shinta, Fajrina Fadhilah, Abdul Halim and friends)
12. All people whom I cannot mention; those who has been involved directly or indirectly to the process of writing this final project.
I hope this research is useful for the readers to give information who concern to this topic. I realize that this final project is not perfect. Therefore, I open a wide place to criticize and suggest this work at vidyarahma96@gmail.com.
Kudus, 17th of July 2018
The writer
ix ABSTRAK
Kusumastuti, Vidya. 2018. Sebuah Analisa Piranti Kohesi Grammatikal yang
Digunakan dalam Text Pidato Perpisahan Barack Obama. Skripsi.
Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. (ii) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.Pd, M.Pd.
Kemampuan alami manusia untuk berbicara, menggunakan bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi dalam setiap aspek dan interaksi sangat penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu ketika kita berbicara, kita perlu menyampaikan informasi secara komprehensif. Sebagai salah satu bentuk wacana, pidato adalah bagian dari teks. Setiap teks dibangun oleh piranti-piranti kohesi khususnya dari sisi grammatikal. Saat ini, salah satu pembicara global terkenal yang mempunyai pidato yang mengesankan adalah Barack Obama. Ia menyampaikan pidatonya dengan jelas dan efektif. Halliday dan Hasan (1976) menyatakan bahwa kohesi memiliki peran khusus dalam membangun sebuah teks karena ia menyatakan kontinuitas yang ada antara satu bagian teks dengan yang lain.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk; (1) untuk menggambarkan jenis piranti kohesi gramatikal yang digunakan dalam teks pidato perpisahan Barack Obama (2) untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan piranti kohesi gramatikal dalam teks pidato perpisahan Barack Obama.
Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sedangkan data penelitian ini adalah piranti kohesi gramatikal dan sumber datanya adalah teks pidato perpisahan Barack Obama. Lalu untuk mengumpulkan data, penulis mengunduh teks pidato dari website digital LA Times. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan kode warna dan meletakkannya dalam tabel. Setelah itu, penulis menginterpretasikan piranti kohesi grammatikal yang digunakan dalam teks pidato.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; ada 4 jenis piranti kohesi gramatikal di dalam teks pidato perpisahan Barack Obama; referensi dengan 605 kata, substitusi dengan 6 kata, elipsis dengan 11 kata, dan konjungsi dengan 78 kata. Lebih lanjut, semua piranti kohesi digunakan dengan baik sehingga menciptakan kalimat yang efektif, dan mempengaruhi pembaca memahami pidato tersebut sehingga mereka dapat menginterpretasikan maksud pidato perpisahan Barack Obama dengan mudah.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas, teks pidato perpisahan Barack Obama yang mana merupakan pidato yang terkenal dibangun oleh piranti-piranti kohesi. Oleh karena itu penulis menyarankan kepada mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Inggris, para guru dan pembaca (sebagai pembicara atau penulis) untuk menggunakan piranti kohesi yang tepat terutama piranti kohesi gramatikal ketika berpidato atau menulis. Kemudian, setiap orang yang mempelajari bahasa Inggris harus memperkaya pengetahuan tentang kohesi dari sisi gramatikal dan sisi leksikal. Di masa mendatang, diperlukan perbaikan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang kohesi. Penulis selanjutnya harus menganalisa jenis teks apa pun yang dapat berasal dari teks verbal, non-verbal, atau audio-visual.
Kata kunci: Piranti Kohesi Grammatikal, Teks Pidato Perpisahan Barack
x ABSTRACT
Kusumastuti, Vidya. 2018. An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text. Skripsi. English Education Department. Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. (ii) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.Pd, M.Pd.
The natural ability of human being to talk, to use language as a communication device in every aspect and interaction is so essential in everyday lives. Therefore when we speak, we need to deliver information in comprehensible way. As a form of discourse, speech is part of text.Every text is engaged with cohesivedevices especially from its grammatical side. Then, one of famous global speaker which has memorable speeches is Barack Obama. He delivered his speech clearly and effectively.Halliday and Hasan (1976) stated that cohesion has a special role in creation of text because it expresses the continuity which exists between one part of the text and another.
The research aims to; (1) describe the types of grammatical cohesive speech text. Then to compile the data the researcher downloads the speech text from LA Times digital website. While to analyse the speech text, the researcher uses colour code and put it into table pattern. After that, the researcher interprets the grammatical cohesive devices used in the speech text.
The research produces several findings; there are four types of grammatical cohesive devices within Barack Obama’s farewell speech text; they are reference with 605 words, substitution with 6 words, ellipsis with 11 words, and conjunction with 78 words. Moreover, all those cohesive devices used properly so create effective sentences, get and keep the participant’s attentions and influence how participants comprehend the speech, so they can interpret the messages in Barack Obama’s farewell speech easily.
Based on the research result above, Barack Obama’s farewell speech which is a famous speech determined by cohesive devices. Therefore, the researcher suggests; the English department student, the teachers and the readers (as a speaker or a writer) to use proper cohesive devices especially grammatical cohesive devices to achieve eligible speech or writing. Then, the one who learn English should enrich the knowledge about cohesion not only in grammatical side but also in lexical side. In the future, improvements in further research about cohesion are needed. The future researcher should analyze any kind of text which can come from verbal, non-verbal, or audiovisual text.
Key words: Grammatical Cohesion Devices, Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech
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CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Cohesion ... 5
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design ... 13
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 13
3.3 Data Collection ... 13
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CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 The Types of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s
Farewell Speech Text ... 16
4.2 The Use of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 20
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 5.1 The Types Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 26
5.1.1 Reference... 26
5.1.2 Substitution ... 26
5.1.3 Ellipsis ... 27
5.1.4 Conjunction ... 27
5.2 The Use of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 28
5.2.1 Reference... 28
5.2.2 Substitution ... 29
5.2.3 Ellipsis ... 30
5.2.4 Conjunction ... 30
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1 Conclusion ... 32
6.2 Suggestion ... 33
REFERENCES ... 34
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LIST OF FIGURES
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
Tables ...Page
Table 2.1 Types of Cohesion ... 6
Table 2.2 Types of Grammatical Cohesion ... 7
Table 2.3 Personal Reference ... 8
Table 2.4 Comparative Reference ... 9
Table 3.1 The Types of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 14
Table 3.2 The Use of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 15
Table 4.1 The Types of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 45
Table 4.1.1 Reference ... 16
Table 4.1.2 Substitution ... 18
Table 4.1.3 Ellipsis ... 19
Table 4.1.4 Conjunction ... 19
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices ...Page
Appendix 1.Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 36
Appendix 2.Table 4.1The Types of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 45
Appendix 3.Table 4.2 The Use of Grammatical Cohesive Devices Used in Barack Obama’s Farewell Speech Text ... 70
Appendix 4. Pengajuan Judul dan Pembimbing Skripsi ... 101
Appendix 5. SK Penetapan Pembimbing Skripsi ... 102
Appendix 6. Keterangan Selesai Bimbingan Skripsi ... 103
Appendix 7. Permohonan Ujian Skripsi ... 104
Appendix 8. Statement ... 105
Appendix 9. Kartu Bimbingan Skripsi ... 106
