SUMMARY RECORD OF THE ASEAN WORKSHOP ON SOCIAL FORESTRY
28 – 30 March 2005, Madiun, East Java - Indonesia
A. INTRODUCTION
1. The ASEAN Workshop on Social Forest ry held on 28 – 30 March 2005 in Madiun, East Java – Indonesia, was organized and host ed by t he Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia, wit h logist ical arrangement s made by Perum PERHUTANI (St at e-Owned Forest Ent reprise), and f unding assist ance provided by MFP-DFID (Managing Forest s Part nership – Depart ment f or Int ernat ional Development UK) and Ford Foundat ion.
2. The Workshop was at t ended by part icipant s f rom Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Viet Nam. Of f icials f rom t he Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia, t he Head of Madiun Region of East Java – Indonesia, Perum PERHUTANI, and a represent at ive f rom t he ASEAN Secret ariat were in at t endance. Represent at ives f rom India, Nepal, RECOFTC, CIFOR, ICRAF, Bogor Agricult ural Universit y/ Inst it ut Pert anian Bogor (IPB), Mulawarman Universit y, Jaringan Unt uk Hut an (JAUH) and Ford Foundat ion served as resource persons at t he Workshop. The list of part icipant s appears as ANNEX 1.
B. OPENING CEREMONY
3. Mr. Mukht arom, Vice-Head of Madiun Region, delivered t he Welcome Remarks of t he Head of Madiun Region. He welcomed all workshop part icipant s t o Madiun, and expressed his pleasure of having t he great opport unit y by t he presence of expert s and part icipant s f rom various count ries in Madiun, East Java – Indonesia. He concluded his remarks by wishing all part icipant s an enj oyable st ay and successf ul workshop. The f ull t ext of his remarks appears as ANNEX 2.
4. The ASEAN Secret ariat represent at ive delivered t he Opening Remarks of Dr. Somsak Pipoppinyo, Assist ant Direct or and Head of Nat ural Resources Unit of t he Bureau f or Resources Development of t he ASEAN Secret ariat , on his behalf . In his Opening Remarks, Dr. Somsak Pipoppinyo welcomed all present ers and part icipant s t o t he workshop. He ment ioned t hat t he import ance of social f orest ry as a syst em of comprehensive f orest management by local communit y t o improve t heir welf are and sust ain t he f orest s t hroughout generat ions had been recognized by t he ASEAN Senior Of f icials on Forest ry when it was present ed at t heir 6t h Meet ing in Ha Noi on 17-19 July 2003, and at t hat t ime it was agreed t hat Indonesia develop a proposal f or possible ASEAN Cooperat ion in t his area f or considerat ion by ASOF.
5. He congrat ulat ed Indonesia f or organizing t his Workshop f or ASEAN as present ed at t he 7t h ASOF Meet ing held in Bandar Seri Begawan, on 27 – 29 May 2004, and f or t he arrangement f or t ravel assist ance f or ASEAN part icipant s t hrough t he f unding cont ribut ion f rom donors t o t his Workshop. It was also highlight ed t hat , due t o it s import ance, t he promot ion of social f orest ry development in t he ASEAN region has been included in t he St rat egic Plan of Act ion (SPA) f or t he ASEAN Cooperat ion in Forest ry (2005-2010) under St rat egic Thrust I: “ Ensuring Sust ainable Forest Management (SFM) and Conservat ion of Nat ural Resources” , and had been endorsed by t he ASEAN Minist ers on Agricult ure and Forest ry (AMAF) at t heir 26t h Meet ing in Yangon on 7 Oct ober 2004, f or inclusion int o t he St rat egic Plan of Act ion f or 2005-2010.
6. He also st at ed t hat any recommendat ions f rom t his Workshop can be brought f orward f or considerat ion and endorsement by t he ASEAN Senior Of f icials on Forest ry who will meet at t heir 8t h Meet ing t ent at ively in August 2005 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It was conveyed t hat t he ASEAN Secret ariat shall cont inue t o provide any necessary assist ance f or t he development of t his init iat ive in t he f ut ure. The f ull t ext of t he opening remarks appears as ANNEX 3.
7. Mr. Soet ino Wibowo, Direct or-General f or Land Rehabilit at ion and Social Forest ry of t he Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia delivered t he welcoming remarks of H. E. M. S. Kaban, SE, MSi, Minist er of Forest ry of t he Republic of Indonesia. All part icipant s were welcomed t o Indonesia, and sincere t hanks were ext ended t o DFID and Ford Foundat ion, f or t heir f inancial support f or t he workshop. In order t o t ackle all challenges and overcome problems f aced due t o t he mismanagement of f orest concessions, f orest f ires, uncont rolled illegal-logging and t he poor condit ion of t he people living in and around t he f orest s t hat have happened in t he past and up t o t his dat e, t he government of Indonesia has enact ed policy amendment s in f orest resource management , among ot hers by shif t ing t he “ t imber-based management ” t o “ resource-based f orest management . ” Some of t he bases of t he Indonesian f orest ry development vision on “ achieving f orest preservat ion f or t he improvement of t he people’ s welf are” are, t he issuance of Law No. 22/ 1999 on t he aut onomous governance in Indonesia t hat is ref lect ed in t he decent ralizat ion of f orest ry sect or, and t he opport unit y f or t he f orest villagers t o perf orm sust ainable f orest management and t he legalizat ion of t heir right s t o manage indigenous f orest s as writ t en in t he Forest ry Law No. 41/ 1999.
expect ed t o be t he primary approach in solving a lot of problems in f orest ry development t hat are becoming more complex ecologically, economically as well as polit ically. Alt hough t here have been similar programmes carried-out and on-going in Indonesia, it is believed t hat due t o some similarit ies in t he geography, nat ural resources, and socio-cult ure in ASEAN Count ries, t he workshop would benef it ASEAN Members and t heir st rat egic part ners in t he exchange of inf ormat ion and experiences in social f orest ry. He concluded his remarks by of f icially opening t he Workshop. The f ull t ext of his welcoming remarks appears as ANNEX 4.
C. WORKSHOP PROGRAMME
9. The Programme of t he Workshop appears as ANNEX 5.
D. BUSINESS ARRANGEMENTS
10. The Workshop was held in plenary and working group sessions. The Working Groups were t o f acilit at e in-dept h discussion among t he various part ners. Two Working Groups were f ormed comprising t he ASEAN government s & ot her government s, t he non-government al organizat ions (civil societ y), and t he privat e sect or. The Working Groups ident if ied cooperat ion act ivit ies t hat merit t he great est at t ent ion and t hat could be developed int o a regional programme t hat involves t he various part ners. The input s by t he Working Groups were consolidat ed f or t he f ormulat ion of a possible “ ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work. ”
11. A f ield visit t o Nganj uk Region of East Java Province - Indonesia, where an Indonesian model social f orest ry is locat ed, was organized on t he second day.
E. WORKSHOP MODERATORS
12. The Workshop was moderat ed by (i) Dr. Agus Sarsit o of t he Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia; (ii) Mr. Iwan Tj it radj aj a, PhD. , Expert on Social Forest ry of t he Universit y of Indonesia; (iii) Mr. Michael Nurse of RECOFTC; (iv) Mr. John Novarly of Perum PERHUTANI; and (v) Mr. Bambang Murdiono, Direct or of Bureau of Int ernat ional Cooperat ion and Invest ment of t he Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia, during all sessions, respect ively.
SESSION 1: OVERVIEW OF SOCIAL FORESTRY PROGRAMME
13. Present at ions in t his Session highlight ed t he opport unit ies and challenges f aced in social f orest ry act ivit ies in ASEAN Count ries.
“ Communit y Forest ry Management in Cambodia” , by Mr. Long Rat anakomar, Communit y Forest ry Of f ice, Cambodia
14. Mr. Rat anakomar present ed t he overview of t he Count ry Prof ile, t he populat ion and GDP growt h, and t he f orest resources t hat plays import ant role in Cambodia. One of 17 t echnical working groups in Cambodia was t asked t o implement t he nat ional f orest ry programme, which began in 2003. The import ance of t he Communit y Forest ry Management in Cambodia in involving and empowering t he local people in gaining suf f icient benef it s f rom t he f orest s was also explained. The communit y f orest ry management in Cambodia is applied in 19 provinces covering 615 villages on approximat ely 181, 156. 51 hect are of land involving a large group of st akeholders in it s implement at ion.
15. It was highlight ed t hat , alt hough t he communit y f orest ry management has been widely implement ed by t he communit y f orest ry working group comprising of DFW, MoE, WWF, CFRP, Oxf am, Concern, CGFP, involving t he part icipat ion of t he public communit y, it is yet t o be of f icially adopt ed as nat ional programme, and is st ill very much dependent on t he int ernat ional donors.
16. Part of t he issues in t he ut ilizat ion of f orest resources is on t he maj or role of t he milit ary t hat of t en weakens t he enf orcement of laws. Most conf lict s t hat st ill occur are in t he f orms of (i) communes - concessionaires; (ii) communes – milit ary; and (iii) villages – villages. Some of t he plans highlight ed as direct ions f or t he f ut ure are (i) t he ext ension of sub-decree on communit y f orest ry management t o all st akeholders especially t o local people; (ii) t he development of nat ional communit y f orest ry programme; (iii) legalizat ion of t he exist ing communit y f orest ry; (iv) capacit y building t o st af f s and int erest ed st ake-holders; and (v) set t ing-up of t he communit y f orest ry net work of donor count ries, int ernat ional organizat ions and non-government al organizat ions t hat also includes t he development of dat abase management syst em. The inf ormat ion paper and present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 6 and ANNEX 7.
“ The Development of Social Forest ry in Indonesia” by Mr. Soeharisno, Secret ary t o Direct or General of Land Rehabilit at ion and Social Forest ry, Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia.
17. Mr. Soeharisno present ed t he changes of government since t he pre-independence, during t he economic crisis, up t o t he recent years, when t he local people have been given access in t he f orm of permit in ut ilizing t he non-t imber f orest product s (NTFPs), which however, have not been well-int roduced t o as wide range of local communit ies as possible, due t o a lot of at t ent ion given t o t he policy ref orms in Indonesia. He also highlight ed t hat more t han 50% of f orest resources in Indonesia have been degraded, and as a challenge, t here are approximat ely 30 million people who are living in and around t he f orest s.
locat ions which are (i) areas of f orest s t hat do not bear any right s and have been developed in t erms of empowering t he local people; (ii) f orest areas t hat bear cert ain right s; and (iii) areas out side t he f orest t hat is in t he f orm of local init iat ive communit y f orest .
19. The present at ion was concluded wit h highlight s on t he roles of t he st akeholders of t he social f orest ry programme namely (i) t he government , in f acilit at ing t he development of social f orest ry according t o t he laws and regulat ions in ef f ect ; (ii) t he communit y, in becoming t he main act or; and (iii) t he working groups at t he cent ral, provincial, and dist rict levels in support ing t he government in t he planning, implement at ion, and cont rol processes. The inf ormat ion paper and present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 8 and ANNEX 9.
"Social Forest ry Development in Malaysia" by Mr. Rahimi bin Ot hman, Forest ry Depart ment Peninsular Malaysia
20. Mr. Rahimi bin Ot hman highlight ed on t he nat ional f orest policies in Malaysia t hat have been undergoing changes and amendment s during t he development . It was ment ioned t hat St at e f orest ry policies have been in exist ence since t he early 1950s and recognizing t he overall import ance of f orest f or t he welf are of t he local communit y and nat ional economy, as well as t he need f or unif ormit y among t he various st at es, a Nat ional Forest Policy was f ormulat ed in 1978. In t he light of concerns of bot h local and int ernat ional communit y, The Nat ional Forest ry Policy was amended in 1992 t o address t he import ance of t he conservat ion of biological diversit y and sust ainable ut ilizat ion of genet ic resources, and t he role of local communit ies in f orest development . Communit y f orest ry in it s t radit ional f orm has been pract ised in Peninsular Malaysia f or generat ions, while in Sabah and Sarawak t he act ivit y largely pract iced by t he nat ives on t he land t hey f arm and occupy under t he nat ive cust omary right .
21. Formulat ed st rat egies in implement ing Communit y Forest ry Program shared were (i) int egrat ion of f orest ry wit h agricult ure in rural development t o enhance environment al st abilit y; (ii) promot ion of f orest ry f or-people act ivit ies t o improve socioeconomic benef it s and qualit y of lif e; and (iii) int ensif icat ion of f orest ry ext ension services t o enhance bet t er knowledge and underst anding of f orest ry sect or.
22. Social f orest ry in Malaysia generally involves plant ing of f ruit t rees and ot her f ood crops t oget her wit h t imber species. The f our (4) maj or social f orest ry proj ect s among ot hers are (i) Rural Forest ry, popularly known as Village Forest ry which involves plant ing of f ruit s t rees near f orest f ringes wit hin t he localit y of rural populat ion and pl ant ing of high qualit y specialit y t imber; (ii) Agrof orest ry, a viable proj ect in an ef f ort t o resolve problem of shif t ing cult ivat ion and bringing development t o t he rural communit ies; (iii) Recreat ion Forest , which provides opport unit y f or out door recreat ion and t he opport unit y f or local communit ies t o part icipat e in t rade as well as t he socio-economic involvement of local people in ecot ourism; and (iv) Urban Forest ry, which is t he greening program f or cit ies and t own by plant ing t rees and shrub where cit y dwellers are also involved in t he act ivit ies. The inf ormat ion paper and present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 10 and ANNEX 11.
“Study Report on Agroforestry Development in Peninsular Malaysia” by Mr. Ahmad Fauzi Bin Puasa, Forest Research Inst it ut e Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia
23. Mr. Ahmad Fauzi shared some benef it s of commercial agrof orest ry by combining agricult ure wit h f orest ry act ivit ies, such as (i) increase of income; (ii) early cash f low; and (iii) bet t er ret urn of invest ment . Some of t he issues highlight ed were on (i) t he decrease of nat ional f orest resources during t he period of 1970 – 2002 while t here is an increase in t he demand; (ii) challenges in f orest est at es in t he land area, f inancial and man-power aspect s; (iii) f ood product ion t hat is f acing a big gap bet ween supply and demand; and (iv) nat ional policy.
24. He shared some of t he case st udies in rubber cult ivat ion by combining it wit h pineapple, durian, t eak, et c. , and even wit h animals such as sheep, poult ry, et c. However he ment ioned t hat so f ar t he various researches have been conduct ed are st ill scat t ered and ef f ort is being made in gat hering all t he inf ormat ion and in conduct ing a more int egrat ed st udy. The present at ion slides of FRIM - Malaysia appears as ANNEX 12.
“Social Forestry Development in Thailand” by Mr. Chairat Cant arasalt ool, Royal Forest Depart ment , Thailand
26. The inf ormat ion paper ent it led “ Nat ional Working Group f or Communit y Forest ry Management and It s Role in Promot ing CFM in Viet nam” , by Mr. Tran Hieu Minh, Depart ment of Forest ry, Minist ry of Agricult ure and Rural Development , Viet nam, appears as ANNEX 13.
27. During Discussions Malaysia highlight ed t he various met hods already int roduced in combat ing illegal-logging in relat ion t o t he communit y living in and around t he f orest s, namely t he law sanct ion under t he Nat ional Forest ry Act 1984 f or t he ones conduct ing illegal-logging, and heavier sanct ion enf orced in 1994 f or t he illegal-loggers who could be f ined up t o RM 500, 000 or sent t o t he prison f or up t o 20 years. However, t he int roduct ion of t he Rural Forest ry or Village Forest ry Programme in which t he f orest communit y are allowed t o grow palm oils and harvest some f orest product s only at t he f ringes of t he f orest s has helped reduce t he illegal-logging by f orest communit y. Cambodia also inf ormed of t he similar approach f or t he f orest s communit y in t he count ry t hat t hey are educat ed on t he import ance of f orest s and t hat t hey should plant t heir own t rees in f ulf illing t heir needs of charcoals. The need t o f ind synergy and exchange inf ormat ion and best pract ices of t he communit y f orest ry and social f orest ry t hat have been implement ed in various f ormat s and dif f erent t erminologies among ASEAN Count ries and also Nepal was also ment ioned.
SESSION 2: ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION TO PROMOTE SOCIAL FORESTRY DIALOGUE AMONG STAKEHOLDERS 28. The present at ions provided inf ormat ion on current net working init iat ives and linkages in t he cont ext of
addressing t he issue of micro-economic household and relat ed issues.
“ Achievement s, Challenges and Opport unit ies of 25-Year Communit y Forest ry in Nepal” by Mr. Ghan Shyam Pandey, Federat ion of Communit y Forest ry Users Nepal (FECOFUN), Nepal
29. Mr. Ghan Shyam Pandey present ed a video showing on f orest management in Nepal, f ollowed wit h his present at ion on t he achievement s, challenges and opport unit ies of t he 25 years of communit y f orest ry in Nepal. He described 5 nat ional f orest management syst ems available in Nepal, namely (i) Communit y Forest ; (ii) Government -Managed Forest s; (iii) Lease-hold Forest s; (iv) Religious Forest s; and (v) Prot ect ed Forest s. He st at ed t hat t he handing over of t he nat ional f orest t o t he local people as t he communit y f orest is part of t he nat ional policy f or t he management , ut ilizat ion and conservat ion of t he f orest by communit y f orest ry users group. The various act ivit ies included in t he communit y development were also described, such as women empowerment , povert y reduct ion and income generat ion act ivit ies, et c.
30. However t here are some int ernal challenges f aced by t his Communit y Forest ry in Nepal namely (i) t he incapabilit y in supplying t imber t o meet t he demand of users’ group; (ii) incapabilit y in mobilizat ion of t he users’ f und properly f or povert y alleviat ion program; and (iii) smuggling f orest product s by some users. The present at ion slides on t he above t it le appear as ANNEX 14.
31. The key opport unit ies of t he Communi t y Forest ry are (i) t o be recognized as a model communit y f orest in nat ional; (ii) necessary support f rom j ournalist s; and (iii) cont inuous f inancial support f rom donor agencies and proj ect s. In his present at ion, Mr. Ghan Shyam Pandey int roduced his organizat ion, FECOFUN, and also t he concept of what t he t erminology of “ communit y f orest ry” means in Nepal. He concluded wit h t he st at ement t hat communit y f orest ry is of high priorit y in Nepal and t hat t he FECOFUN has est ablished good relat ions wit h t he government and t heir st akeholders. The present at ion slides on FECOFUN appear as ANNEX 15.
“ Part icipat ory Forest Management (PFM) and Non-Timber Forest Product s (NTFPs): Securing Rural Livelihoods” by Mr. Vinay Tandon, Winrock Int ernat ional India
32. Mr. Vinay Tandon st art ed his present at ion by highlight ing t hat t he Part icipat ory Forest Management (PFM) “ recognizes t he cent ralit y of people’ s part icipat ion in prot ect ion, planning, management , harvest ing and equit able sharing of f orest goods and services sust ainably which includes models like JFM (Joint Forest Management ), CFM (Communit y Forest Management ) and Part icipat ory Eco Development , ” and described what each of t he PFM Cont inuum in India is all about , and how one dif f ers f rom t he ot hers.
33. The second part of t he present at ion included t he roles of non-t imber f orest product s (NTFPs), issues connect ed t o t heir sust ainable harvest and use and condit ions f or value addit ion and market ing. The import ance of NTFPs in securing rural livelihoods and povert y reduct ion was highlight ed. The present at ion concluded wit h some point s of challenges and opport unit ies in implement ing part icipat ory f orest management . The present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 16.
“ Increasing t he Economy-Micro Household wit hin Social Forest ry” by Dr. Didik Suhardj it o, Facult y of Forest ry (FF), Bogor Agricult ural Universit y (IPB), Indonesia
Java. In t he part nership management of plant at ion f orest s, local f orest f armers can work in t he claimed f orest lands f or privat e f orest companies by doing t he plant ing, t hinning, pruning and harvest ing t o get t heir wages and have t heir right s of 20 % of f orest product (t imber) harvest ed f rom t he claimed f orest land areas.
35. The present at ion shared t he experience of t he Facult y of Forest ry of Bogor Agricult ural Inst it ut e (FF-IPB) in managing t he educat ional programme f or t he 300-ha Gunung Walat Educat ion Forest (GWEF) which is dominat ed by Agat his lorant if olia t hat produces copal resin. Some of t he out put s achieved f rom t he programme are (i) bet t er communicat ion bet ween f armers, government of f icers, GWEF of f icer, and FF-IPB’ s scient ist s t hrough many act ivit ies; (ii) f armer’ s knowledge and skill in agrof orest ry pract ices (including animal husbandry) as well as non-agricult ure pract ices enhanced; and (iii) t he f orest f armer groups est ablished.
36. It was highlight ed t hat in increasing t heir welf are, t he local f orest communit y should be given right s of f orest land use and cont rol. It was also ment ioned t hat ‘ social f orest ry programme’ t hat cont ribut es 5% t o 66% t o household income should be int errelat ed wit h development and improvement s in f orest product processing, as an example, f orest product -based small-scale indust ries of sawn-t imber, f urnit ure, pallet , and handicraf t as supply of processed product s t o export ing indust ries, are import ant sources of income f or rural livelihood in Indonesia. The increased income earned by t he rural households would simult aneously reduce pressures leading t o overexploit at ion of t he f orest . The inf ormat ion paper and present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 17 and ANNEX 18.
“ Regional Net working t o Increase t he Inf luence of Communit ies in Social Forest ry” by Mr. Michael Nurse, Regional Communit y Forest ry Training Cent re f or Asia and t he Pacif ic (RECOFTC)
37. Mr. Michael Nurse brief ed on t he current st at us of social f orest ry in ASEAN Count ries, highlight ing issues of local communit ies’ lack of access and right s over t he f orest s t hey depend on f or t heir livelihoods and lack of skills of implement ors f or negot iat ing social f orest ry management agreement s.
38. He highlight ed some of t he exist ing regional net works f or social f orest ry and some of t he principles f or ef f ect ive net works, including: f ocussed obj ect ives, ef f ect ive leadership, dedicat ed resources and t o work in part nerships t o ext end t he messages. The f ull present at ion appears as ANNEX 19.
39. During discussions, Mr. Vinay Tandon of Winrock Int ernat ional India answered t o t he quest ions f rom CIFOR t hat dif f erent st at es of India had t heir own rules and guidelines f or t he Joint ly- Managed Forest s (JMF). In some st at es about 40% - 50% of t he net revenue will go back t o t he j oint ly managed f orest and t he rest of t he group in case of f inal f elling of t rees. The ent ire benef it goes t o t he communit y. In t erms of eco-t ourism t here are now cert ain policies where t he f orest guest houses have been handed over t o t he local communit ies f or t hem t o begin hospit alit y ent erprise and f or t hem t o st art improving t heir lif e around conservat ion. It was also ment ioned t hat in India, income f rom eco-t ourism t hrough recreat ion sit es are ret urned t o t he local f orest communit ies, and small-scale f orest f armers plant ing and harvest ing non-t imber f orest s product s are not obliged t o share any part s of t heir income. Mr. Ghan Shyam Pandey added t hat , it will help t he government very much if t he local f orest communit ies are given suf f icient right s t o f orest s land uses and cont rols, especially t o help reduce povert y and at t he same t ime, reduce t he pot ent ials of t hreat s t o t he sust ainabilit y of t he f orest s.
40. Some highlight s of discussions on ‘ market ing social f orest ry product s’ were (i) t he need t o det ermine and legalize t he part s t hat can be harvest ed and t he proport ion among t he dif f erent part ners involved in a cert ain f orest land; (ii) t he need t o manage t he t ype of f orest product s t o be harvest ed in a cert ain period in t he cont ext of prevent ing t he price f rom going down because of t oo many product ion at t he same t ime; and (iii) t he need t o include sub-species names on t he f orest product s t raded f or easy ref erence of t he count ry of origin; et c.
SESSION 3: EXISTING EFFORTS TO ADDRESS SOCIAL FORESTRY
41. Respect ive government s, associat ions and organisat ions present ed t heir policy st at ement s and obj ect ives on illegal logging and relat ed issues.
“ Social Forest ry as an Ent ry Point t o Povert y Reduct ion St rat egies” by Ms. Ani Adiwinat a Nawir, Socio-Economist , Cent re f or Int ernat ional Forest ry Research (CIFOR)
42. Ms. Ani Nawir highlight ed some point s f or ‘ communit y-company part nerships’ which are (i) unequal dist ribut ions of benef it s t o poor households and small-scale producers f rom commercializat ion of f orest product s; (ii) t here are several promising init iat ives f rom company in addressing t he inef f ect iveness of government init iat ives; and (iii) in many cases, companies have t he resources, except lands and labours. As t here are ant i-poor and pro-poor charact erist ics of t imber (Angelsen & Wunder, 2003), t he communit y-company part nerships can challenge t he ant i-poor charact erist ics of t imber t hrough (i) labour-int ensive operat ions; (ii) t ransf erred t echnology and skills; and (iii) opport unit y f or risks sharing.
element s in ensuring t hat t he t ree growers do not break t he cont ract . The present at ion concluded wit h some point ers on t he challenges f or communit y-company part nerships t hat f air valuat ion of mut ual input s should be ensured as t he basis f or benef it sharing agreement , and t hat economic risks must also be ant icipat ed. The f ull present at ion appears as ANNEX 20.
“ Social Forest ry” by Mr. Uj j wal Pradhan, Ford Foundat ion
44. Mr. Uj j wal Pradhan brief ed on t he need t o net work among t he exist ing communit ies in t he region and t heir import ant st akeholders t o exchange inf ormat ion, experiences and best -pract ices in implement ing and developing t he various f ormat s of social f orest ry t hat have been pursued by many groups of f orest communit ies f rom many dif f erent count ries in dif f erent t erminologies and charact erist ics. It is also import ant t o exchange lessons-learned and f ocuses on what can be built t oget her as a larger group rat her t han t rying t o come up wit h one t erminology agreed by all and pursue similar act ivit y t o be conduct ed by all members.
45. He f urt her explained t he dif f erence bet ween ‘ horizont al’ and ‘ vert ical’ learning t hat ‘ horizont al learning’ is a learning process when similar group of people, such as a group of villagers of one island are doing f ield visit t o anot her village group, et c. , while ‘ vert ical learning’ is a learning process when people f rom t he cent ral government s can go visit and learn what is act ually happening in t he rural areas.
“ Lessons-Learned on Social Forest ry: Building Part icipat ive Mult i St akeholder Framework t owards Sust ainable Forest Management t hrough t he Social Forest ry Programme” by Mr. Silverius Oscar Unggul, JAUH Sult ra (Forest Net working of Sout heast Sulawesi – Indonesia)
46. Mr. Silverius Oscar Unggul brief ed on t he net work t hat comprises of a number of local NGOs in Kendari – Sout heast Sulawesi, Indonesia, covering 46 villages and 8, 231 f amilies, which conduct s communit y assist ance in Social Forest ry programme wit h t wo main missions, namely (i) “ Promot ing Communit y based-Sust ainable Forest Management ” ; and (ii) “ Promot ing Law Enf orcement in t he f rame of Nat ural Resources Conservat ion” . Two main problems f aced by t he local f orest communit ies in Sout heast Sulawesi observed by JAUH Sult ra are (i) t he lengt h of t ime f or t he process required in get t ing t he f orest management license issued by t he nat ional government risks t he sust ainabilit y of t he social f orest ry programme in t he area; and (ii) t he increasing illegal-logging act ivit ies, indicat ed by t he increasing number of sawmill indust ries up t o 48 sawmills and t he act ivit ies of logging t rucks, which is observed by t he social f orest ry nat ional working group as a t hreat f or t he next 12 mont hs t hat all t he t eak woods in Sout h Konawe Regency will be vanished.
47. JAUH Sult ra shared t heir experiences in int roducing cert if icat ion scheme t o t he local communit ies, wit h assist ance f rom t he int ernat ional organizat ions such as t he TFT (Tropical Forest s Trust ). It is hoped t hat t hrough t his assist ance, t he campaign in promot ing sust ainable f orest management by t he societ y will produce more pressures t o t he increase of illegal-logging act ivit ies in t he regency. The present at ion concluded wit h suggest ed next st eps namely (i) t he handling of illegal-logging t hrough part icipat ory cont rol; (ii) st rengt hening t he inst it ut ional capacit y of t he communit y; (iii) building inf ormat ion and communicat ion syst em among t he st akeholders in social f orest ry; (iv) developing alt ernat ive business; and (v) f acilit at ing t he est ablishment of local regulat ion on social f orest ry. The inf ormat ion paper and present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 21 and ANNEX 22.
“ Changing Convent ional Forest Management Paradigms t hrough Social Forest ry Educat ion” by Dr. Must of a Agung Sardj ono, Prof essor of Social Forest ry, Facult y of Forest ry, Mulawarman Universit y
48. Dr. Must of a Agung Sardj ono brief ed on t he various concept s and def init ions of ‘ social f orest ry’ t hat have been int roduced and implement ed in Indonesia, which was st art ed f rom t he early t ime of t he year 1978 t hrough t he World Forest ry Congress and has evolved ever since. The most import ant lessons-learned observed f rom low achievement s of various f orms of social-orient ed f orest ry programs t his f ar are among ot hers: (i) many f orest ers lack social sensit ivit y as well as communit y management capabilit y; (ii) most f orest ers maint ain convent ional t heories t hat f orest ry is designed t o be an exact and mono-disciplinary science; and t heref ore (iii) it t alks merely about how t o plant t rees, how t o cut t imber and how t o ut ilize f orest lands. Undeniably, t hose problems exist in all levels of f orest management , not only among f orest ry planners and decision makers in t he of f ice and f orest ry pract it ioners in t he f ield, but also among f orest ry academicians at universit ies, which is considered t he most crit ical, as universit ies (specif ically f orest ry depart ment s/ f acult ies) are producers of prof essional f orest ers or f orest ry specialist s.
Forest ry (August 3 – 6, 2001). In order t o f urt her back up t he Social Forest ry educat ion, CSF plans t o develop it s t eaching mat erials f or t he Social Forest ry t eaching t eam.
50. CSF ref ers t o Wiersum (1994) t hat , ‘ Social Forest ry’ is a development st rat egy or int ervent ion of prof essional f orest ers and ot her organizat ions wit h t he aim t o st imulat e act ive involvement of local people in small-scale, diversif ied f orest management act ivit ies as a means t o improve livelihood condit ions of t hose people, while ‘ Communit y Forest ry’ can be def ined as any f orest management act ivit ies undert aken by rural people as a part of t heir livelihood st rat egies. Ef f ort s t o ref orm f orest ry higher educat ion curriculum have been pursued in f act , not only by CSF, but also by ot her maj or universit ies wit h suf f icient support s f rom non-government al organizat ions. It is absolut ely necessary t o respond t o realit ies in t he f orest s t hat people are part of t he ecosyst em and t he key of t he success t o achieve sust ainable development under more complex f orest ry issues and problems. Increasing collaborat ive act ions and also underst anding of t he import ant roles of social f orest ry among academicians creat e opt imisms t hat social sensit ivit y as well as social management capabilit y will be mast ered by universit y graduat es, who will play t he import ant role in f or t he f ut ure generat ions. The inf ormat ion paper and present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 23 and ANNEX 24.
51. During Discussions Session Ms. Ani Nawir of CIFOR shared her views t hat t he issue of privat e companies as part of st akeholders in a communit y-company part nership is an issue t hat is evolving, t aking int o considerat ion t he demand of green label, t he cert if icat ion t hat has t o pass cert ain aspect s, et c. There are reasons f or companies t o st art a part nership, f or t here is a growing social conf lict or t hese companies have not had any concessions received f rom t he government . In t his regard, communit y involvement can be invit ed t hrough t his part nership. Based on t heir needs, t hey are st art ing t his part nership t hat is also pushed t hrough t he growing awareness among t he communit y. It is part of t he company t o improve t he part nership wit h t he communit y, should t hey wish t o have a long-t erm part nership. One proj ect in t he east ern part of Indonesia is now t rying t o calculat e t he met hod indirect ly.
52. JAUH-Sult ra inf ormed t hat t hey int end t o explore t he possibilit y of having a cert if icat ion f or t he people t o manage t heir own f orest . An independent body is sought f or t his init iat ive. Int ernat ional recognit ion f rom Smart wood or FSC are also sought in t his regard.
53. The inf ormat ion paper and power point present at ion slide on “ Enhancement of t he Role of Cooperat ive, Small and Medium Ent erprises in Social Forest ry Program” prepared by Mrs. Yuana Sut yowat i, Assist ant Deput y f or Plant at ion and Forest ry, Deput y of Product ion, Minist ry of Cooperat ives & Small and Medium Ent erprises (MoC & SMEs) of Indonesia circulat ed during t he Workshop, appear as ANNEX 27 and ANNEX 28.
54. Ot her inf ormat ion paper circulat ed during t he Workshop f rom one government al agency (Kuningan Forest Agency of t he Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia) and t wo NGOs (non-government al organizat ions) namely Lat in and DAMAR appear as ANNEXES 29, 30 and 31.
SESSION 4: DISCUSSION ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ASEAN SOCIAL FORESTRY NETWORK
55. Indonesia, t he init iat or and Count ry Leader f or t his init iat ive brief ed on how t his process can begin, aiming at developing a clear and broadly support ed operat ional init iat ive.
56. As already learned f rom t he discussions on t he present at ions, among ot hers on t he ones made by Nepal and India, it was shown t hat social f orest ry in a broader sense of def init ion have been pract iced successf ully in overcoming t he issue on rural povert y and f orest degradat ion. It was also learned t hat social f orest ry are carried out in various f orms and experiences such as t he ones in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and also f rom ot her present at ions. The communit y-based f orest management can cont ribut e signif icant ly t o t he rural households and also increase t he f orest management .
57. It was also obvious t hat t he point s raised t hroughout t he discussions on various present at ions suggest t o t he workshop t hat t here is need t o learn and exchange experiences on t he social f orest ry, and t heref ore a net work on social f orest ry can be est ablished among ASEAN Member Count ries and t heir st rat egic part ners and st akeholders. It was ment ioned t hat t he working groups shall discuss on how and whet her t o est ablish t he ASEAN Expert s Group on Social Forest ry or t he ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work.
58. In order t o ensure a more ef f ect ive and overarching discussions among all working group members, it was agreed by all part icipant s t hat t here is a mixt ure of all st akeholders in each working group, by ensuring a balanced proport ion of all part ies, so t hat t he government sect or exchange ideas wit h t he civil societ y and academia, during t he discussions in t he working groups. In t his regard, it was also agreed t hat t he number of working groups f or t he break-out session should not exceed t wo.
SESSION 5: BREAK-OUT SESSIONS
Working Group I : Government s (ASEAN and non-ASEAN), Academia, Int ernat ional Organizat ions, Non-Government al Organizat ions and Privat e Sect or
Group Leader : Dr. Agus Sarsit o (Indonesia) Resource
Person
: Mr. Vinay Tandon (Winrock Int ernat ional India)
Rapport eur : Mr. Nandang Prihadi, Minist ry of Forest ry (Indonesia)
Members : Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Viet nam, Ford Foundat ion, Bogor Agricult ural Universit y, Mulawarman Universit y, ICRAF,
JAUH Sout heast Sulawesi, Lat in, Damar, and all st akeholders.
60.
Working Group II
: Government s (ASEAN and non-ASEAN), Academia, Int ernat ional Organizat ions, Non-Government al Organizat ions and Privat e Sect or
Group Leader : Mr. Joseph Jawa Kendawang (Malaysia) Facilit at or : Mr. Michael Nurse (RECOFTC)
Resource Person
: Mr. Ghan Shyam Pandey (FECOFUN, Nepal)
Rapport eur : Ms. Sagit a Arhidani (The ASEAN Secret ariat )
Members : Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, CIFOR, Universit y of Indonesia, Model Forest Berau, Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Plant s Research Inst it ut e, Perum PERHUTANI, BP-DAS Solo, Forest Agency of Sout heast Sulawesi, and all st akeholders.
SESSION 6: FIELD VISIT TO MODEL SOCIAL FORESTRY OF INDONESIA
60. Part icipant s were int roduced t o Indonesian Model of Communit y-based Forest Management (Pengelolaan Hut an Berbasis Masyarakat / PHBM), t he main collaborat ive syst em in managing f orest wit h local communit y as a model of social f orest ry, by Mr. John Novarly, Cent er f or Human Resources Training and Development , Perum PERHUTANI (Forest ry St at e-owned Ent erprise). The inf ormat ion paper and present at ion slides appear as ANNEX 25 and ANNEX 26. The present at ion was cont inued wit h a f ield visit t o one of t he social f orest ry models of Indonesia, which is locat ed in Nganj uk, East Java. The local government of Nganj uk, East Java – Indonesia ext ended t heir warm welcome and f ull support t o t his visit . Document at ion of t his visit is also incl uded in t he CD dist ribut ed t o all part icipant s of t he Workshop.
SESSION 7: GENERAL DISCUSSIONS
61. The Workshop cont inued wit h present at ions by t he Working Group Leaders on t he out comes/ decisions of t heir respect ive Working Groups. The proposed “ ASEAN Expert s Group on Social Forest ry” and t he “ ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work” were present ed by Mr. Nandang Prihadi of Indonesia f or Working Group I and Mr. Joseph Jawa Kendawang of Malaysia f or Working Group II, respect ively. The proposed recommendat ions of Working Groups I and II appear as ANNEX 32 and ANNEX 33.
SESSION 8: CLOSING SESSION
62. Part icipant s exchanged views t horoughly on t he input s and recommendat ions f rom t he t wo Working Groups. It was agreed t hat t he Workshop produce t he consolidat ed input s f rom Working Groups I and II. It was also agreed t hat t he Workshop recommends t he est ablishment of t he “ ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work” t hat comprises of ASEAN Member Count ries and t heir st rat egic part ners and st akeholders.
63. The Workshop agreed on key point s f or t he proposed Net work, namely:
i. Members of t he ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work;
ii. Just if icat ions of it s est ablishment ;
iii. Obj ect ives of t he net work;
iv. Act ivit ies of t he net work;
v. Mechanism of t he net work; and
vi. Suggest ed Immediat e St eps.
64. The consolidat ed input s f rom Working Groups I and II f or a proposed “ ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work” appears as ANNEX 34.
65. An ASEAN Task Force on Social Forest ry comprising of nat ional f ocal point s t o t he ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work is proposed t o be est ablished and t o meet in order t o develop t he Operat ional Plan, Terms of Ref erence (TOR) and Rules of Procedures (ROP) of t he “ ASEAN Social Forest ry Net work” , f or submission t o t he ASEAN Senior Of f icials (ASOF) at t heir next Meet ing scheduled t ent at ivel y t o be held in August 2005 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, f or considerat ion and endorsement .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
66. All part icipant s t o t he Workshop and resource persons f rom int ernat ional organisat ions, non-government al organizat ions, academia and privat e sect or expressed t heir appreciat ion t o t he Minist ry of Forest ry of Indonesia f or organising t he Workshop, and t o t he MFP-DFID, t he Ford Foundat ion, Perum PERHUTANI, and t he ASEAN Secret ariat f or t he assist ance rendered.
67. The Workshop was held in t he spirit of ASEAN cooperat ion and cordialit y.
