Yuni Warty, Adita Sutresno, Yana Maolana Syah, Supriyadi, Anggraini Barlian, Freddy Haryanto
Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division,
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Effects of Gadolinium Oxalate to Proton Relaxation Time
(T1 and T2) Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Participants
AOCMP & SEACOMP 2014 The 14th Asia-Oceania Congress of Medical Physics
&The 12th South East Asia Congress of Medical Physics
“Medical Physics for Advanced Medicine”
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam October 23th-25th 2014
Contrast agents is material to improve quality of image in Magnetic
Resonance Image (MRI) modality. One of kinds contrast agent is
Gadolinium Oxalate which it is with orally administration. When
Gadolinium injected into the body makes clearly on visible to
comparing between certain tissue and abnormalities or disease tissue.
The best procedure for contrast agent used in-vitro before in vivo.
Nuclear Magnetig Resonance is one of the instruments used to
measurement and characterization of contrast agents in vitro. Therefore,
the aim of this study is to characterization and investigate of the effect
of the gadolinium oxalate on the relaxation time of the proton hidrogen.
Introduction
This work is partially supported by ITB and JICA under The Contract Number: 1575/I1.C01/PL/2014
.
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Runge. Val M. Foster. Vol. 12. hal. 37-42.
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Particulate NMR contrast agents for Gastrointestinal Application.
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Paramagnetic NMR Contrast Agents; Develovement and Evaluation.
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Consideration in the Selection of a New Gadolinium-Based Contras Agents.
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Appliedradiology.
FID
Larmor frequency (ppm)
Aquabidest (0 mg) 1 mg 2 mg 3 mg 4 mg 5 mg
1 4.659 4.660 4.658 4.659 4.653 4.651
2 4.657 4.660 4.658 4.659 4.654 4.651
3 4.658 4.659 4.658 4.658 4.654 4.652
4 4.657 4.660 4.658 4.658 4.655 4.652
5 4.659 4.660 4.658 4.658 4.655 4.652
6 4.659 4.660 4.658 4.658 4.654 4.652
7 4.658 4.660 4.659 4.659 4.654 4.652
8 4.657 4.660 4.659 4.659 4.654 4.652
9 4.675 4.660 4.658 4.659 4.654 4.652
FID Decay constant in the variation of the concentration of gadolinium
Aquabidest (0 mg) 1 mg 2 mg 3 mg 4 mg 5 mg
Free Induction Decay (FID) raw data was measured in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy Agilent 500 MHz with 15 T magnetic fields. T1 and T2 relaxation times of hydrogen protons (1H) aqua bidest was measured using pulse sequence CPMGT2 and INVREC respectively. The solvent used D2O and the spectrometer frequency is 499.96.
1. Characterization of gadolinium oxalate
2. T1 relaxation time
Figure 1. Method in this study
FID Mestrenova and Origin Pro 8.0 Analyzed with software
a. Larmor Frequency
b. Peak Width at Half Maximum c. Decay Constant
� = �� exp −��2 (Bloch Equations)
= � + � (Linear Equations)
Figure 2. Characterization methods of gadolinium oxalate
FID Mestrenova and Microsoft Excel Analyzed with software
�� = �� 1 − exp − ��
1
T1 relaxation time
Figure 3. Calculation T1 relaxation time
Increment concentration of Gadolinium Oxalate will be affect to relaxation time T1 of proton in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
Larmor frequency of hydrogen protons at a sample temperature of 25°C is 4.656 ppm. This frequency value is almost equal to the larmor frequency theoretically. The small differences of larmor frequency at Figure 3 due to inhomogenity magnetic fields in the x-y plane, and the loss of phase coherence. Beside of that, the peak width at half maximum increased 7.6 Hz after rise of gadolinium oxalate. Even though, it lowers the value of the decay constant.
In this study, the rise of gadolinium oxalate increases the T1 relaxation time of protons hydrogen twice from the beginning. Thus, further analysis is needed on the T2 relaxation time.
Figure 7. Graph T1 Proton versus Gadolinium concentration
Figure 6. Decay constant of the variation of the gadolinium concentration
FID Peak width (Hz)
Figure 4. Larmor frequency of the variation of Gadolinium Concentration
Figure 5. Peak width at half maximum of the variation of Gadolinium concentration
b. Peak Width at Half Maximum
0
