TRACK LISTING
CD 1 CD 2 CD 3
1 IntroductIon 1 (pp.72-73) 1 WEEK 9.Sections 2 WEEK1.Sections1-4 2 Conversation:De 47-48
3 Exercise' klapfoper 2 Vocabulary
4 Drillandvocabulary 3 WEEK5. Sections (pp.I43-1441
(pp.14-151 27-29 3 Exercises 45-46
5 Section4b 4 Vocabulary 4 Drills(p.1461 6 Sections Ipp.79-801 5 Conversation:Wie
isherknapsre? 7 Vocabulary (p.20)and 5 Exercises 23-25
6 WEEK 10.Sections Exercises 3-4 6 Drills(p.e2l
49-52
8 Drills(p.22) 7 Conversation: Telaar! 7 Vocabulary (p.156) 9 Conversation: We 8 Sections 30-31 8 Exercise 48
zijnallemaal ziek! 9 Vocabulary (pp.87-881 9 Drills (p.158) 10 WeEK2. Sections 10 Exercise 28 10 Conversation: Pauze
9-11 11 Drills(p.gO) 11 Sections 53-56 11 Vocabulary (pp.27-28l 12 Conversation: 12 Vocabulary (p.165)
andSection12 HUiswerk 13 Exercise 52 12 Exercises 6-7 13 WEEK6. Sections 14 (pp.167-168) 13 Drills (p.31l 32-34 15 Conversation: 14 Conversation: 14 Vocabulary (p.96) and Solficitatiegesprek
Mensjes kijken Exercise 31 16 WEEK11.Sections 15 Sections13-16 15 Drills(p.98) 57-62
16 Vocabulary (p.37) 16 Conversation:De 17 Vocabulary (p.l76) 17 Exercises 9-11 spelbreker 18 Exercises 54-55 18 Drills (pp.39-40l 17 WEEK7.Sections 19 Drills(p.179)
20 Conversation: 19 Conversation: Een 35-37
Frankrijk?Spaniel tevreden klant 18 Vocabulary (p.l08) OfZandvoorr? 20 WEEK 3.Sections 19 Exercises 33-34 21 Sections
17-19 20 Drills(p.llOl 22 Vocabulary (p.186)
21 Vocabulary (p.47l 21 Conversation: 23 Exercises 57-58 22 Exercises 14-15 Theepauze 24 Drills(p.189) 23 Drills 22 Sections 38-40 25 Conversation:Een 24 Conversation: Snel 23 Vocabulary (p.118l onwelkome afspraak
gedaan 24 Exercises 26 WEEK 12. Sections 25 WEEK4. Sections 25 Drills(p.120l 66-68
20-23 26 Conversation: Wie 27 Vocabulary
26 Vocabulary de Ipp.196-1971
(pp.59-601 27 WEEK8. Sections 28 Exercise 61 27 Exercises 17-18 41-43 29 Drills(p.l99) 28 Drills(p.63) 28 Vocabulary 30 Conversation:Rijjijof 29 Conversation:De (pp.126-1271 rij ik?
kfeine tiran 29 Exercises 39-40 31 Readingpractice: 30 Sections 24-26 30 Drills(p.129J Lang en groen
32 Readingpractice:De 31 Vocabulary (p.70) 31 Conversation:Snel
gestranden 32 Exercises geregeld 33 Readingpractice:In
32 Sections Amsrerdam
33 Vocabulary 34 Readingpractice:U of (pp.134-135) jij:wat moet ie nou? 34 Exercises 42-43 35 Reading practice: 35 Drills(p.137l Rechten en plichten 36 Conversation:Een consument
in3MONTHS
DUTCH
Jane Fenoulhet
LONDON, NEWYORK,MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI
This edition first published inGreat Britain in 2003 by Dorling Kindersley Limited,
80 Strand, London WC2R ORL First published inGreat Britain by Hugo's LanguageBooks Limited, 1983
Copyright
©
1983, 2003DorlingKindersley Limited A Penguin Company2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, storedinaretrieval system, or transmitted
inany form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner.
A CIP catalogue record is available fromthe BritishLibrary. ISBN 1 40530 1066
HugoDutch In Three Months isalso available in a pack with three CDs, ISBN 075136993 4
Written by
Jane FenoulhetM. Phil.(Dutch) Senior LecturerinDutch at
UniversityCollege London
Printed and bound byLegoPrint, Italy
see our complete catalogue at www.dk.com
This new edition ofHugo Dutch in Monthshas been written for usbyJane Fenoulhet, who hasconsiderable experience in teaching hersubjeafromuniversity level downwards. Thebook is designed for studentslearningat home. who want toacquire a good working knowledgeof the language in a shontime. Thegrammar is presented conciselyand clearly, and the student is given plentyof opportunitytopraaise whathasbeen learnt.Inorder to gain the most from Hugo Dutch in Months, you should spend about eight hoursa week studying.Every three weeksin the coursethere is timeallowed forrevision as well as revision exerdses.
Start with sections 1-3 on pronundation.It isextremely imponantthat you masterthe sounds ofDutchbefore movingon tothe grammar. Eachsoundis describedin enough detailforyou toworkour itspronundation,but possible thisshouldbe doneinconjunctionwith theCD recordings that we offeras optional extrasto the book. Thebest wayto master thesounds.stressand intonation ofa foreign languageisby imitating a native speaker. Failingthis, you mightbe abletolisten to Dutchon the radio orvia theinternet; it wil1 at leastgiveyousomeidea ofthesoundsand rhythmof spokenDutch.You should
move onto the followingseaionsonly when you are able to recognizereadily whichletters spell whichsounds.The exercisesand drillswillserveas atest.
The restofthe bookisorganized in a pattern, enabling you to develop astudyroutine.Thework isdividedinto five areas:
Grammar Read through each numberedsection of new grammar at leasttwice. Use thereferencestoother sectionsas opponunitiesfor revision.Tryto understand rather than memorize; you haveunderstood. the exercises and drills will ensurethatyou rememberthe rules throughapplyingthem.
Forming the present tense Some useful verbs
Questions: where?, what?, who? Exercises, drills, conversation
Week
5
76Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, etc
Expressing possession ('John's book')
Week 2
24Nouns and articles
Demonstratives: this, that. those Forms of address: Mr, Mrs, etc Noun plurals
Feminine nouns
Exercises, drills, conversation Pronunciation and spelling Dutchalphabet
Personal subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, etc
Verbs 'zljn' ('tobe') and 'hebben' ('to have')
Question form
Exercises, drills, conversation
Week 7
104Adjectives in front of the noun Comparison of adjectives ('larger',
'smaller')
Ways of making comparisons Superlative of adjectives ('largest'.
'smallest') Adverbs Diminutives
Exercises,drills. conversations
Week
6
93Past participles of strong verbs 'Hebben'or 'zijn' as auxiliaries,
forming the perfect tense Irregular verbs
Exercises, drills, conversation
Revisionexercises 3 149
Week 8
123Modal verbs: can, must, may, want
Adjective + s Separable verbs
Some prefixesandverbs Adjectivesasnouns
Exercises,drills, conversations Revision exercises2 101
Week 9
140Talkingabout the future Future tense
Verbs: infinitive constructions Exercises, drills, conversation Useful verbs: 'staan', 'Iiggen',
'zitten'
Perfect tense ('I have taken', 'I took')
Past participles of weak verbs Exercises,drills, conversations 7
52 42
Revision exercises 1
Week 1
Week 3
Week
4
55Commands Word order
Negation: 'nee', 'geen' Use of the definite article Object pronouns: me, you,
him, etc
Reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, etc
Reflexive verbs
Exercises, drills, conversations Drills Theseareintended to bespokenaloud, forboth
pronunciationandgrammar practice. Coverall but thetop linewith a sheetof paper, because the answer isgiven on thenextline.Work throughlhedrills line by lineand use them as a test toseeifyou are ready to move on to the next chapter; ifyou can complete them fluently, thenyou are.Ifyou arenot, carefullygo through the chapter again. Conversation Each week contains asampleofstandard colloquial Dutch.Itisimportant toremember that idiomatic language cannot be translated word for word. An English translationisgiven to enableyouto compare idioms. Practise reading the Dutchconversation aloud until you candoso withouthesitating.
Exercises These are mainlystraightforward translation exercises carefullyformulated to incorporate boththe grammar and the mostimportant rules learnt so far, and bothold and newvocabulary.Thestudentis expected to have learnt the vocabulary asheor she progresses. The languageused iseveryday, standardDutch. It is most important that you check youranswers carefully with the key. Ifyou don't understanda mistake,go backto lhe grammar. Atthe backofthe book there is a grammatical indexto help youfind thesection you require.
Thecourseis rounded off with afew readingpassages that havebeen gradedaccordingto their grammaticalcontent; by the timeyou have completed Week 8, youshould have sufficient knowledge to manage the first two passages. As a whole, thebook provides thesoundgrammatical basis needed inorder to speak, understand, readand write Dutch. But it is important to continueexpanding your vocabulary throughreading, listeningtothe radio if possibleand, bestofall, throughvisitingthecountry. We hopeyou will enjoythiscourse, and wishyou success with your studies.
Coordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions Word orderinsubclauses Weak verbs: past tense Strong verbs: past tense 'Hebben'and 'zijn':past tense Uses of the past tense Exercises,drills. conversations
You will learn:
stress, voiced consonants consonants
vowels
spelling rules related to pronunciation The grammarincludes:
personal subject pronouns ('1', 'you', 'he', etc)
present tense of 'zijn' ('to be'land 'hebben' ('to have') question form
WeeL
K
ey to e
x
erc
i
ses
214Bead
i
ng p
r
act
i
ce
204Append
ix
230Commonly used strong and irregularverbs
152
Wee
k
10
Revisionexercises4 202 The passive
Present participle('going', 'doing') Expressionsoftime
Exercises. drills.conversation
Wee
k
11
171Past perfect tense 1'1 had done') Conditional tense('I woulddo') Numbers
Dates. days of the week, months Money, weights. measures Uses of'er'
Relativeclauses 'Om'+ 'te'+
Exercises.drills, conversations
Week 12
192Mini-d
i
ct
i
onary
I
nde
x
233
254
. . PRONUNCIATION
It cannot be emphasized strongly enough that the only way the student will learnto pronounce Dutchsounds correctly is by imitatinga Dutch speaker. Ifat all possible, then, you should listento the pronunciation on the CDsoverand over again until you can make the same soundsas thevoiceon the tape. Particular attention should bepaid tothevowel sounds which are verydifferentfrom Englishvowels.Theconsonants, onthe otherhand, are the same as in English in
most cases.
Although the spelling ofindividual sounds is given belowinthe pronunciation sections 1-3,we shall look at the spelling of Dutch in more detail in section 4.
Stress inDutch generallyfallson the first syllable of aword, as in English le.g. CAR-petl. On the first appearance ofanyword that isan exception to this rule, we will indicate where the stress falls by a stroke('I placed beforethe stressedsyllablele.g, het'zelfde, where thesecond syllable isstressed, het-ZELF-de). Thiswillnotapply, however,wherethe Dutch word begins with an unstressed prefix(seesection31cl,since this is a rule you can learnandimplement yourself,
II
e.g. p. This distinctionis important for the description of certain Dutch consonants insection 2.CONSONANTS
s, f, h, b,
d,
z, I, m,
n, andng(as inEnglish 'sing')are the samein Dutch as in English.p, t,k are pronounced liketheirEnglishcounterparts but withoutthe puff of air which follows theEnglishsound. You can test this by holding your hand in front of your mouth and saying 'put'. You should feel the escape of breath immediately after thepsound. This must not happen when makingthe Dutch sounds.
Practise saying the Dutchword pet(cap).
ch:Dutchch spells one sound. Itisthesame sound as the ch in Scottish 'loch' orGerman 'Bach'andmadeby frictionat the back of the mouth.
Practise saying licht(light!.
sch: Dutch has a combination ofsfollowed bych,as in schip(ship) which is very difficultfor an English speaker to pronounce and requires special attention.
g: Beware! ginDutch isnever pronouncedin theEnglish way. It is the same soundasch,althoughit is voiced in some parts of the country.
Practise:gek(mad). Occasionallygis pronounced like the sin English'measure'.
w ispronounced likeEnglish v when it occurs beforer. Otherwise it is made likeEnglish w but usually with the bottomlipagainst the top teeth. Aim for a sound in between an Englishv and an English
w.
Practise:wit (white).
v islike English vin 'give' although its pronunciationis sometimes closer to that ofEnglishf, especially at the beginning of words.
DUTCH IN THREE MONTHS
Practise:vet (fat).
r ismade either by trilling the tongue against the back of the top teeth (rolled r) or by friction at the backofthe mouth (guttural rioIt is always pronounced in Dutch. Practise: pret(fun).
Thereare three more consonants inDutchwhichsound the same asEnglishsounds butwhichare spelt differently:
j is pronounced the sameas English y sj ispronounced similarlyto Englishsh tj is pronounced similarly to English ch
_VOWELS
Thissection isdivided intofour parts (A-D), which will be explained further in section4.
A Some of the vowels havealternativespellings as indicatedbut the sound isthe same ineachcase.
aala Thisvowelis like English a in butlonger. Practise: straat(street), water(water),
eele Thisis similarto the Englishvowel soundin 'hail', althoughit isshorter.The lipsshould be stretched asif in asmile.
Practise: heel (whole), beter (bener).
ie Thisis like the Englishvowel sound in 'neat', but shorter.
Practise:niet (not).
00/0 Thisvowel issimilar to the English vowel sound in 'boat',but itisshorter.The lips must be rounded. Practise:boot (boat), stra (straw).
oe Thisvowel is very like the English00 in 'pool', but shorterand made further in the mouth.
WEEK 1
II
Thelips should be rounded. Practise: poel (pool).There isno equivalent sound in English.Make Dutch by pronouncing the Englishvowel sound in 'hurt',butwiththe lips tightly rounded. Practise: neus (nose).
u There isno equivalent sound in English. Make the Dutch u by sayingthe English vowel sound in 'dirt'but pronounced very short.
Practise: bus(bus).
C The following sounds are diphthongs or combinations of twovowels.
II
uu/u Thereis no equivalent vowel sound in English. Make Dutch uu by pronouncing English00asin 'loot' and tightly pursing the lips whilst pressing the tongue against the bottom teeth.
Practise: muziek (music), buur(neighbour).
All the vowel sounds listed above are pronounced much longer iffollowedby an r.
Practise:paar (pair), (pear),dier(animal), noord (north),boer (farmer), deur(door), duur(expensive).
B Thefollowing vowel soundsare different from those spelt similarly insection 3A. They are, inaddition, always short:
a There is noequivalent soundin English. Make Dutch aby sayingthe English vowel soundas in 'hard' butpronounced very short.
Practise: man (man).
ei/ij This sound is not found in English.Itis somewhere between the sound inEnglish
'light' and the sound inEnglish 'late'. Practise:trein (train), fijn (fine).
aai This sound is a combination ofDutchaa andIe. Practise: taai (tough).
oei Thissound isacombination ofDutch and Practise: groei (growth).
ooi This sound isacombination of Dutch00and ie. Practise: mooi (beautiful).
ou/au This sound is not found inEnglish. Pronounce the English diphthongin 'shout'butmake the first vowelofthe diphthong more likeEnglish0 as in'shot'.
Practise:nou (now), blauw (blue).
Thisvowel is very like the Englishvowel sound in but itisshorter.
Practise:vet (fat).
This is very like the Englishvowelsoundin butitis shorter.
Practise: wit (white).
This sound isa combination ofDutch andoe. Practise: leeuw (lion).
ieuw This sound is a combination ofDutch and oe. Practise:nieuw (new).
uw Thissound isacombination of Dutchuuand oe. Practise:sluw(sly).
o
Thisvowel soundis similar to the English0 as in but itis shorter and the lips are rounded. Practise: pot(pot).II
tongue pressed against the bottom teeth. Practise: huis (house),tuin (garden).o
There is one last vowelsound in Dutch. It isa short, weak vowel occurring only in unstressed syllables. Itis like the Englishsound at the beginningof'along'.Itis spelt in avarietyofways.Practise: e de (the) ee een (a)
aardig(nice) ij vriendelijk (kind).
SPELLING
Dutch spelling poses few problems compared with English spelling. But there are some points about vowels that require your attention.
In section3B there arefourvowel sounds a:e;0; u whichare always spelt with one letter. You will have noticed, however, that some ofthevowels described in
3A are spa1tintwo ways: aaora;eeore;00or0;uu or
u. The most important spelling rule in Dutchdeals with the spelling of these vowelsounds:
In closed syllables, i.e. those that end in a consonant, the letterisdoubled e.g.aaas in maan(moon).
If another syllableisadded, such as the plural ending -en,thevowel spelling changes to a single letter e.g. manen(moons).Thisisbecause the syllable is now open, i.e. itendsin a vowel, as the syllable divisionis drawn before the consonant: ma/nen.
So witha 3Avowel the ruleis: writedouble letters for the vowel in syllables endingwith a consonant, and a single letterinsyllables endingwithavowel. (Notethat thechange of spelling doesnotaffect the waythevowel sounds.)
A 3B vowel must alwaysbe written in closed syllables. So, for example, the pluralofman(man) ismannen. The final consonant isdoubled, thus keepingthe first syllable closed.
The following tablewillgive aclearer view ofthespelling system of Dutchvowels.The toplineof each pair represents the 3A classofvowel, the bottom line represents the3B class:
singular plural
maan man en
compare: man mannen
peen (carrot) penen compare: pen (pen) pennen
poat(paw) paten
compare: pot patten
buur buren
compare: bus bussen
Thereis only one exception to this rule. A 3A vowel is normally speltwith one letteratthe end of a word (open syllable) as in sla, stro,paraplu, with the exception of ee,hencezee (sea).Thespelling of the other vowel sounds is invariable. All otherspelling matters will be dealt with as they arise.
Exercise
1
_
Read the following list of wordsaloud:
boer, peer, straat, poeI. man, pot, trein, lUin, leeuw,bus, buur, pen, poot, taai, aardig, nieuw, groei, mooi, nOll.
II
l
II
Exercise 2
Write downthe plurals ofthese nounsby adding -en and adjusting the spellingwhere necessary:trein, leeuw, boer, peer, poot, buur, pen, win, bus, boot. pot, straat. man, deur, maan.
Read the Prefaceon page 4 before starting drills.
Repeatthe following sentencesseveral times: first by imitating what you hearwithout looking at the book andthen by listening and reading. Ifyou do not have the CDs, use the drill for reading practice. If you are everin doubt about pronunciation, refer back to this lesson. Never hazard a guess.
De man is vriendelijk. The man is kind.
De tuin is mooi. Thegarden isbeautiful.
De trein is nieuw. The train is new.
De buurman isaardig. The neighbourisnice.
De boer zit inde bus. The farmer is sitting on the bus.
Een leeuw iseen dier.
A
lion isan animal.VOCABULARY
aardig nice duur expensive
blauw blue een a
de boer farmer fijn fine
de boot boat groei growth
de bus bus het huis house
de buur neighbour in in
de buurman male is is
neighbour de leeuw lion
de the de maan moon
de deur door de man man
het dier
animal
mooi beautifulniet not sluw sly
II
nieuw new de straat
street
nu now de stro straw
paar pair taai tough
de para'plu umbreUa de trein train
de peen
carrot
de tuin gardende peer pear vriendelijk kind,
de pen pen friendly
de pet cap het water water
de poel pool wit white
de poot paw de zee sea
de pot pot zit sits, is
de sla lettuce sitting
THE IMITATED PRONUNCIATION
Anysystem of 'imitatedpronunciation' (where the sound ofthe foreign word is writtendown asifit wasin English syllables) isbound to have drawbacks. The author of this book istotally against such imitativemethods. However, itmust be said thatsome students will have noDutch speaker to helpthem,and will also be unable to use our CDrecordingsofthetext.Theyalso need to be surethat their pronunciation is reasonably accurate before they get intobad habits.Theuse of 'imitated pronunciation' is obviouslyhelpful to such students, so we are maintaining awell-knownfeature of Hugolanguage courses by providing it for certain key wordsand the vocabulary lists in the early partofthe course. Referto the guide only as alast resort, and remember that theneedto doso means that you really ought to revise thisfirst week.
Readthe imitated pronunciation asif you were sounding Englishsyllables, bearing in mind these modifications:
HG represents the gutturalch org.
rin italics is silent. being putthereto ensure you sound the precedingEnglish vowelcorrectly.
The informal second person pronounsjij andjullieare generally used when speaking to family and friends. The second person formal pronoun uis used when talking to strangers and to superiors.
III
a
inbold italics representsthe short Dutcha. OWrepresents the Dutchuisound.ER represents the Dutcheu sound.
Remember that when you see ow(insmallletters, not capitals) intheimitated pronunciation,itshould sound more likeow in 'how'thanin 'blow', but not emphatically so. The ah in an imitation like 'strahl'(for the Dutchstraat) should not be 100 long. When we put a double ff,sound it as an English f; a singlef (standing for theDutchv) may be sounded somewhere between the English rand v. The Dutchw isrepresented by av in the imitated pronunciation but you may modify this English v-sound towards that of w,as the earlier notesinstructyou.
THE DUTCH ALPHABET
3rd person
plural 1st person 2nd person
(informal) (formal) 3rd person
hij (ie)
zij ze
het 't
wij we
jullie je
u
zij ze
he she it
we
you you they
II
The Dutch alphabet consists of the same letters as the English, but thelettersQ, X, and Yare only used inforeign words.
A ah J yay 5 ess
B bay K kah T lay
C say L ell U EE
D day M emm V ray
E ay N enn W
yay
F err 0 oh X iks
G HGay P pay Y ee-HGrek
H hah Q kEE Z zen
I ee R air
PERSONAL SUBJECT PRONOUNS: I, YOU,
HE,SHE,ETC
singular stressed unstressed
1st person ik ('k)
2nd person
(informal) jij je you
(formal) u you
16
I
DUTCH IN THREE MONTHSNote that some pronouns have an unstressed form which follows the stressed form in the table above. The unstressed form is the one commonly usedinspeech unless special emphasis is required. The stressed forms are commonly used in writing. The unstressed forms given in brackets are neverused when writing.The other unstressed pronouns - the ones without brackets - are used in less formalwriting.
Je, the unstressed form of the informal plural 'you' jullie,can only be used oncejulliehas been mentioned. This avoids confusion with the singular. which also hasje as its unstressed form. The risk of confusion isparticularly strong asje isalways used witha singular verb.
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION
(5)
ickl'k; yey/yer; EE;hey/ee; zey/zer; het/en; vey/ver; yerI-lee/yer; EE;zey/zer.
ZIJN ('TO BE')
One of the most useful parts of any language istheverb 'tobe', Butzijn is irregular andmust therefore belearnt by heart, Note that althoughthewords for'she' and 'they' are the same whenused with a verb, the formof theverbdistinguishes between them,
Present tense
Thisswitching round of subject andverbiscalled
II
'inversion',Whenever inversionoccurs inDutch,thejij-form of the verb dropsits-t ending, for exampleben jij?
Formore on questions, seesection 19,
HEBBEN
('TO
HAVE')
Present tense singular
ik ben jij bent u bent hij is zij is het is
plural wijzijn jullie zijn
u bent zij zijn
I am youare youare he is she is it is
we are you are youare theyare
singular ik heb jij hebt u hebt/heeft hij, zij,het
heeft
plural wij hebben julliehebben u hebt/heeft zij hebben
I have you have you have he,she,
ilhas
we have you have you have they have
IMITATED
PRONUNCIATION
(6)
zeyn; ick ben; yey bent;EE bent;hey iss; zeyiss; het iss; vey zeyn; yerl-lee zeyn;EEbent; zey zeyn,
QUESTION FORM
Theinterrogativeor question form ofzijnconsists of switching round the personal pronoun and theverb,just asin English, For example:
Likezijn,hebben is also irregularand it is best learnt by heart,
When inverted for a question, thesecond person singular form of the verb also drops its -tending,for examplehebjij?
IMITATED
PRONUNCIATION
(8)
heb-ber:ick hep; yeyhept;EEhept/hayft; heylyey/het hayft; vey heb-ber;yerl-leeheb-ber;EE hept/hayft;zey heb-ber,
benik? ben jij? ishij?
Exercise 5
Exercise
4
II
Translate the following
into
Eng
lish:
1
Hij
heeft een huis.
2
Het heeft
een
lUin.
3
Hebben de buren een boot?
4
Wij hebben een tuin en een boot.
5
Heb jij een paraplu?
6
Ik
heb een peer.
7Jullie hebben keelpijn.
8
Heeft
de boer een leeuw in de tuin?
9Leeuwen hebben poten.
10 Heeft
u een pen?
so
and
very
to havetohave a headache to have a sore throat to have a temperature
the same thing
yes
perhaps
tired
too, also
exactly, precisely
how funny! how odd!
illboth
aJlelbeidus
en
erg
hebben
hoofdpijn hebben
keelpijn hebben
koorts hebben
het'zelfde
ja
mis'schien
moe
ook
pre'cies watvreemd!ziek
VOCABULARY
II
IMITATED
PRONUNCIATION
al-Ier-'bey; derss; en; er
HG
;
heb-ber;
hohft-peyn .
.
.
;
kayl-peyn
...;
kohns
... ; ert-zelv-der; yah; miss-'HGeen;
moo; ohk; pray-'sees; vat fraymt; zeek.Exercise
3
Translate
the following into
English:
1
Is de man
aardig?
2
Jullie zijn gek.
3Ik
ben erg ziek.
4Zij is ook ziek.
5
Ben jij moe?
6
Wij zijn ook moe.
7 De buren zijn vriendelijk.
8Zij
zijn
erg aardig.
9 U
bent erg vriendelijk.
10
Jij bent sluw.
Translate
the following
into
Dutch:
1
Are
the
neighbours friendly?
2 He
is nice.
3
She
is very ill.
4
We have
a
house and
a garden.
5The house is new.
6
Do
you (forma
l)
have
an
animal in the
garden?
7Yes,
I have
a
lion.
8
You
(s
ingular) have
a
pen and
an umbrella
.
9They
are both
new.
10
You (plural) are
tired and
ill. 11I
am also
ill.
12
You
(fo
rmal
)
are very beautiful.
13The moon
i
s
also beautiful.
14They have a boat.
15
Do you
(singula
r
)
have
a boat too?
20
I
DUTCH IN THREE MONTHS
WEEK 1
I
Drills
For drills 1 and 2, substitute the word in the second
column
for the
word
in
bold
type
in
the
first.
For drill
3,respond
to
the stimulus,
in
each
case
substituting
the
first
word
as before. Alter the
form
of the
verb if
necessary
and always
keep
the next
line covered.
2
Substitution drill
Ik
heb hoofdpijn.
zij
(p
lur
al)
Zij
hebben hoofdpijn.
Wj
Hij h
eef!
h
oof
dpijn.
u
U h
e
bt
hoofdpijn.
jullie
Jullie h
e
bb
e
n h
oo
fdpijn. zij
Zij h
eeft
h
oo
fdpijn.
jij
Jij h
ebt
hoofdpijn.
wij
Wij he
bben
hoofdpijn.
III
1
Substitution drill
Hij
is ziek.
Wij
zijn
ziek.
Jullie
zijn
ziek
.
ben
ziek.
Zij
zijn
ziek.
U
bent ziek.
Zij
is
ziek.
Jij
bent
ziek.
3
Stimulus
-
response drill
5
heb hoofdpijn.
R Wij hebben hoofdpijn.
5 Jij hebt koons.
R Jullie hebben koons.
5 Zij heef! keelpijn.
R Zij hebben keelpijn.
wij
jullie
ik
zij
(plural
)
uzij
jij
5
Hij is
aardig.
R
Zij zijn aard
i
g.
5
ben
moe.
R Wij
zijn
moe.
5 Jij bent ziek.
R
Jullie zijn ziek.
CONVERSATION
We
zijn allemaal ziek!
SEA Benjij moe? WILLEM la, ik ben erg moe.
BEA
Is hij oak moe?
WILLEMWj is oak erg moe.
BEA
Dus jullie zijn alIebei moe.
W1LLEMWe hebben alIebei hoofdpijn.
BEA
Hebben jullie misscbien oak koorts?
W1LLEMen keelpijn.
BEA
Wat vreemd!
II<heb precies hetzelfde.
WILLEMBen jij ziek?
BEA la.
JuJlie zijn dus oak ziek.
TRANSLATION
We're all ill!
SEA Are you tired? WILLEM
Ye
s,
I'm very
tired.
SEA Ishe tired too?
WILlEM Yes.he'sverytired too. BEA
SO
you're
both tired
.
WILLEMWe
've
both
got a
headache.
SEA Perhapsyou've got a temperature too.
WllLEM Yes,anda sore throat.
BEA
How funny! I've
got exactly
the
sa
me thing.
WILLEMAre
yOll
ill?BEA
Yes.
50yOll are
ill100.Continuing with some basic groundwork, including:
articles 'de' and and 'een' ('a')commongender and neuter nouns in the singular demonstratives 'that', 'those')
formsofaddress
thevarious plural formations (-en, os, -eren) feminine nouns, both singular and plural forms
NOUNS AND ARTICLES
The Dutch definite article(theequivalent of the English 'the') may be eitherdeorhet, depending on the type of noun that follows it.
1 Common nouns, also known as nouns of common gender, are preceded byde,for example, deman, de tuin.
2 There are also neuter nounsinDutch, for example huis (housel.Theseare preceded by the definite article het,for examplehet meisje,het huis. In speech, het is nearly always pronounced etor'to
3 All plural nouns havedeas their definite article whether they are of common orneuter gender. For example: de mannen,de huizen
NOTE: There is no easy way of telling whether a noun is common or neuter. The only way to remember themisto learnnoun and article together.
Een (Englisha, an) is the indefinite article in Dutch. Itis used before all singular nouns, both common and neuter, e.g. een man and een huis.Itis pronouncedwiththe weak vowelsound(see3D).
As
in English, it cannot be used before a plural noun.As
you saw insection 5, English is sometimes translated by het.Butit isalso sometimes represented byhij ('he'). Dutch useshetas a pronoun to refer toDUTCH IN THREE MONTHS
objects denoted by neuter 'het-nouns' and hij to refer to objects denoted by 'de-nouns'.
For example:
Het huis:het isgroot.The house: it is large. De boot:hij is groot. The boat: it is large.
IMITATED
PRONUNCIATION
(9)
man;
tOWn; hOWss; deT; deTman;
deTtOWn: het; mey-sher; en hOWss;der man-ner; der howz-er; em; emman;
em hOWss;HGroht; boht.DEMONSTRATIVES: THIS
JTHAT, THESE, THOSE
Dutch has twowords for'this':dele and dit.Deleis used before common nouns and ditisused before neuter nouns.
For example:
deze man,dithuis.
Dele is used with all plurals.
For example:
deze mannen,deze huizen.
Dutch also has two words for 'that': dieand dat.Die is used before common nouns and datbefore neuter nouns.
For example: dieman,dathuis.
Dieis used with all plurals.
For example:
die mannen,die huizen.
These demonstratives deze/ditand die/dat- can be used independently to refer to a noun already mentioned. Englishuses 'this (one)', 'that (one)', 'these(ones)' and
'those (ones)'.
Forexample:
Twee jurken: deze is mooi maar die isdUllr.
Two dresses: this oneis pretty. but that one is expensive.
Dezeanddieareused inthiscase becausejurk isa
common gendernoun. As one wouldexpect. ditand datare used with neuter nouns.
Forexample:
Twee huizen: dit is groot maar dat is klein. Twohouses: this one isbig, but that oneissmall.
All plurals usedezeand die.
IIDI
DIT/DAT/HET
+
ZIJN
+
NOUN
Dutch has a special construction used whenidentifying
or describing people or things. It is introduced byeither dit,dat,orhet.
For example:
Dit isJan, This is Jan.
Dat is de buurman, That istheneighbour. Hetisde buurvrouw. It'sthe neighbour.
If thenounisplural, theverb alsotakes theplural form, but dit,dat,orhet neverchange.
Forexample:
Oitzijnde schoenen. These are theshoes. Oat zijn de jurken. Those are the dresses. Het ZijD de buren.They are the neighbours. For example:
Zie je de schoenen in die etalage? Deze zijn mooi maar die zijn dUllr.
Do you seetheshoes in that shopwindow? These are
pretty,but those are expensive.
Sometimes dieis simply used as an alternative to the pronounshij/zij/zij ('he (ill/she/they'). Similarly, dat
sometimes replaces het('it').
Forexample:
Zie je de buren? Die zijn erg aardig,
Do you seetheneighbours?Theyare verynice.
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION
(10)
day-zer; dit; dee; dat; tvayyerrk-er; mah'ee; mahr;
dEEr; kleyn; sHGoon-er; ay-lah-'Iah-zher; bEEr-er;
ahr-derHG.
VOCABULARY
bedoelje een beetje bijna daar dik eigenlijk de etal'agehet is geen gezicht!
groat
het haar de JODgeD de jurk kaal het kind
klein
kort maar het meisje me'juffrouw
do you mean a bil
almost
there, over rhere fat
aClually, really shop window
(iI'S) DOl a prettysight! large
me'neer me'vrouw na'tuurlijk normaal nou! of de pruik derok de schoen slecht te
ten'minste twee van veel
verschrikkelijk versleten de vrouw wat jammer! weg
wei nee zie je zo
Mr MrslMs natural nonnal weill or wig skirt shoe bad too at least two of
much, many, alot terrible
down at worn out woman
what a pity! away,gone oh no do you see so
FORMS OF ADDRESS
meneer (Mr), mevrouw (Mrs),mejuffrouw (Miss)
Each is written with a small initial letter and precedes the surname.Mejuffrouwis only used in correspondence. Meneerand mevrouwcan be used on their ownwhen addressing a stranger.
For example:
Goede morgen, meneer Smit. Good morning, Mr Smith. Pardon, meneer.
Excuseme.
This latterusageis still current, whereas, the use of its English equivalent, 'sir', is very restricted.
When addressing an envelope,putdeHeerinstead of meneer.The feminine forms are abbreviated toMevr. and Mej.,whileMw.corresponds to theEnglish Ms.
Exercise
6
_
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION
ber-dool yer; em bayt-yer; bey-nah; dahr; dick; ey-HGer-lerk;deray-tah-'Iah-zher;HGroht; hahr; der yong-er; der yerrk; kahl; kint; kleyn; kon; mahr;
ertmey-sher; mer-'yer-frow;mer-'nayr: mer-'vrow;
nah-'tEEr-lerk;nor-mahl; now; off; der prOWk;der rock; der sHGoon; sleHGt; ter; tvay;
fan; fayl; fer-'sHGrick-er-lerk; fer-'slay-ter; der frow; vat yam-mer; veHG; vel nay; zee yer; zoh.
PRONUNCIATION NOTE:Words thathavea prefix such asver- arestressed on the following syllable.Thisis normal, so wedon'tindicate (')in the vocabulary list. See further note in section 31.
28
I
DUTCH IN THREE MONTHSTranslate the followinginto English:
1 De man isklein.
2 Het meisje is erg dik.
3 De huizen zijn veel te groot.
4
De vrouw heeft een pruik. 5 De buren hebben een kind.6 Hetis een meisje.
7 Hetmeisje zit in detuin.
8 De schoenen zijn een beetjeversleten. 9 Hetdier isniet vriendelijk.
10 Het is sluw.
Drills
I
boot
meisje
schoen
en
tuinkind
huizen
paraplu
1 Substitution drill
Dit
huis
is
klein.
Deze
boot
is klein.
Dit
meisje
is
klein.
Deze
schoenen
zijn
klein.
Deze
tuin
is klein
.
Dit
kind
is klein.
Deze
huizen
zij
n
klein.
Deze
paraplu
is klein.
2
Stimulus-response drill
S
Die
jongen
is
erg aardig.
R Deze
is
ook aardig.
S
Dat dier is erg
ziek.
R Dit is
ook
ziek.
S
Di
e vrouwe
n
hebben hoofdpijn.
R Deze
hebben ook hoofdpijn.
S Dat kind heef! koorls.
R Dit heeft
ook koorls.
S Die schoe
nen
zijn erg versleten.
R Deze
zijn
ook versleten.
S Die
jurk
is
erg kOrl.
R Deze is
ook
kOrl.
For
drill 1, substitute
the
word in the second column
for
the
word in bold type in the first, altering the form
of the demonstrative and verb if necessary.
F
or drill
2,
respond
to
the
stimulus.
In
both
cases,
remember to
keep
the next line covered.
Translate
the
followin
g
into
English:
1 Dit huis heeft
een
min.
2 Dat huis is te klein
.
3 Die
hui
ze
n
zijn
erg groot.
4 Deze jurk is te kort.
5 Deze
schoenen
zijn
een
beetje groot.
6 Die
schoenen zijn veel
te klein.
7
Zie
je deze jongen
en
dit meisje?
8
Die
zijn erg aardig.
9
Dat zijn de buren.
10
Die is
aardig
maar die
i
s
niet zo vriendelijk.
Translate
the following
into Dutch
:
1
This
boy
has a boat.
2
That girl has
a
pen.
3
These men are very kind.
4 Those
women are also kind.
5 Tnis house
is
large, but that
one
is
sma
ll.
6 That
garden is too big.
7
Those
shoes
are very expensive.
8
That dress is
too shorl,
but this
one
is
very
pretty.
9
These are the neighbours
.
10
They
are
not
very
nice.
11 That
animal over there
is
a
lion.
12 This is the farmer.
13 He i
s s
ittin
g
in
a
boat.
14 This boat
i
s
new and
that
o
ne i
s
too.
15
These women
are
both tired.
Exercise 7
-CONVERSATION
NOUN PLURALS ENDING -EN
Mensjes kijken
/
People-watching
MEVROUW SMIT MENEER DE WIT
MEVROUW SMIT
MENEER DE WIT
MEVROUW SMIT
MENEER OE WIT MEVROUW SMIT
MENEER DEWIT
MEVROUWSMIT
MENEER DEWIT
Zie je die twee vrouwen daar? Bedoel je die met de jurk en die met het haar?
Ja. Dat haar is veel te kart. Ze is bijna kaal.
Wei nee! NOll .... Maar zie je die met de jurk!
Die is wei een beetje dik maar het haar is tenminste nonnaal.
Die jurk is te kort,
de jurk is niet zo slecht - zie je die
schoenen?
Die zijn wei erg versleten. Het is geen gezicht!
Bedoel je die met de jurk of die met het haar?
Allebei eigenlijk, Wat jammer! Ze zijn weg!
TRANSLATION
The most frequent way of forming noun pluralsin Dutch istoadd -ento the singular noun,as in:
maan-+ manen mannen
SPELLING NOTE:Please read section 4 again,and remember to apply the spelling rules.
PRONUNCIATION NOTE:The final is not usually pronounced,e.g.manne!n).
sand f at the end of a noun are replaced byzand v
respectively on the addition of the plural ending:
huis-+ huizen, wolf-+ wolven
PRONUNCIATION NOTE Attheendof a wordd and b are pronounced t and p respectively.Whenthe plural ending is added,d and bare pronouncedasthemselves,
as in:
A few nouns which add-en intheplural alsochange their vowel sound.The mostuseful onesare:
het bedden
ik wij hebben
Compare these with the examplesin section 4.If the vowelsound of dagwere to be preserved, thegwould be doubled in the plural, in the same way as then is MEVROUW SMIT
MENEERDE WIT
MEVROUWSMIT MENEER DE WIT
MEVROUW SMIT
MENEER DE WIT
MEVROUWSMIT
MENEERDE WIT
MEVROUW SMIT
MENEER DE WIT
Do you seethose two women over there? Doyoumean the one with the dress and theonewiththe hair?
That hair is much too shan. She's almost bald.
NoIt isn't. Well .... But do yousee theone
with the dress!
She'sa bil fat, butat least her hair's nonnal,
Thatdress istoo shan.
Mm,the dress isn't sobad - doyou see
those shoes?
They're verydownatheel. Nota pretty sight!
Do you mean theone with thedress or the onewiththe hair?
Both, really. Whata piry! They'vegone.
de dag (day) het dak (roof) het glas(glass) hetschip (ship) destad (town) de weg (road)
dagen
32
I
DUTCH IN THREE MONTHS WEEK 2I
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION
(14)
tah-ferl; tah-ferls: bay-zem; bay-zems; lah-ker; lah-kens;
fah-der; fah-ders;mey-sher; mey-shess; lOh; ffoh-lOhs; pah-rah-'pIEE; pah-rah-'pIEEs; tan-ter; tan-ters; am-'beet-see; am-'beet-sees: trem; trems; pehr-'ron;
pehr-'rons.
trams perrons Forexample;
de tram (tram) hetper'ron (platform)
mahn; mahn-er; man; man-ner; hOWss; hOW-zer; Yolff; voH-er; bet;bed-der; hep; heb-ber; daHG; dah-HGer;
dak;dah-ker;HGlass; HGlah-zer; sHGip; sHGay-per; stat; stay-der; veHG:vay-ger.
IMITATED
PRONUNCIATION
(13)
doubled inmannen.But the vowel soundindagen is
the same as the vowel sound inmaan.Similarlywith dakandglasand weg.In other words, class3Bvowels inthe singular become class 3A vowelsinthe plural.
NOUN
PLURALS ENDING
-S
NOUN
PLURALS
ENDING
-EREN
Some Dutch nouns form the plural byadding-soThey are: A small group of neuter nounsadd-eren in the plural. The most useful ones arelisted below:
1 Nouns endingin -el,-em,-en, or-je.
Forexample: de tafel (table) de bezem (broom)
hetlaken (sheet) de vader (father) het meisje(girl)
tafels bezems
lakens
vaders
meisjes
het blad (leaf) het ei (egg) het kind het lied (song)
het Yolk (nation, people) het been (bone)
bladeren eieren kinderen liederen
yolkeren (alsoYolken)
beenderen (insertsd
beforesuffix)
2 Nounsending in -0or-u.The plural ending is
always preceded byan apostrophe inthis case.
NOTE: het been (leg) benen (legs)
3 Most nouns ending in an unstressed vowel;
Forexample:
de foto (photograph) de paraplu (umbrella)
de tante (aunt) de am'bitie (ambition)
paraplu's
tantes ambities
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (15)
blat; blah-der-rer; ey; ey-er-rer; kint; kin-der-rer; leet: lee-der-rer; folk; fol-ker-rer/fol-ker; bayn; bayn-der-rer; bayn; bay-nero
FEMININE
NOUNS
4 Most foreign words (usually English orFrench).
examples of the five suffixes are given below:
1 -in (plural-nen)This suffix isalways stressed, as in:
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (16)
boor;boor-tin; lay'ao;lay'oo-'in; rerss;rerss-'in; koh-ning; koh-ning-'in; Iay-rahr;lay-rahr-'ess; prins; prin-'sess;sehk-rer-'tah-riss; sehk-rer-tah-'ress-er;
bee-blee-oh-tay-'kah-riss; bee-blee-oh-tay-kah-'ress-er; stEE -'dent; stEE-'dent-er; tel-eh -fohn-'ist; tel-eh-fohn-'ist-er; eng-els; eng-els-er; nay-der-Iants; nay-der-Iant-ser;
sHGreyff; sHGreyff-ster; fer-'playHG; fer-'playHG-ster.
boerin (farmer, farmer's wife)
leeuwin (lioness)
Russin(Russian woman)
koningin (queen) boer(farmer)
leeuw (lion)
Rus (Russian man)
koning (king)
2 -es (plural-sen)Stressed:
VOCABULARY
4 -e(plural -nor-5)Unstressed. For example:
3 -esse (pluralon)Stressed. This suffix replaces the -is
ending of the masculine noun.
leraar (maleteacher)
prins (prince)
secret'aris (male secretary)
bibliothek'aris
(malelibrarian)
stud'ent
(male sludent)
telefon'ist
(maletelephonist)
lerares (female leacher)
prinses (princess)
secretar'esse
(female secretary)bibliothekar'esse
(female librarian)
stud'ente (female student)
telefon'iste
(femaletelephonist)
alles everything bier here
a1tijd always ja'zeker indeed
de biogra'fie biography
kies'keurig
choosy fussy (plural: luistert u eens listen herebiografieen) mijn my
het boek book moeilijk difficult
de dag day
de naam
nameDag! Hellol deoom uncle
Goodbyel (plural: ooms)
goed good
over
aboutgoede morgen! good
dero'man
novel morning! saai dull, boring(When an e is added to de schrijver author
goed, the d is pronounced uit from, outof asa Dutchj.) weetikveel? how do I
heel very know?
For most nationalities, an unstressed -eis addedtothe adjective of nationality, asin:
Engels (English)
Nederlands (Dutch)
Engelse (English woman)
Nederlandse (Dutch woman)
IMITATED
PRONUNCIATION
al-Iers;al- teyt; bee-oh-HGrahff-'ee; bee-oh-HGrahff-'ee-er; book; daHG;HGoot;HGoo-yermor-HGer; hayl; heer; yah-'zay-ker; kees-'kER-rerHG; IOWss-tert EE ayns; meyn;
moo'ee-Ierk; nahm;ohm;ohms; oh-ver; roh-'man;sah'ee; sHGrey-ver; OWl;vayt ick fayi.
5 oster(plural-5)Unstressed. This endingis added to the stem ofaverb. Forexample:
schrijf(write) verpleeg (nurse)
schrijfster(authoress)
verpleegster(femalenurse)
Exercise
9
Translate the following into
English:
1
Ik
heb twee pennen.
2 De
boer heelt
veel penen.
3 Wolven en
leeuwen
zijn
dieren.
4 Huizen hebben daken.
5
De
steden hebben vee I wegen en straten.
6 Die
vrouwen
hebben heel
vee
I boeken.
7 Studenten
hebben altijd
vee
I boeken.
8 Biografieen
zijn
niet
altijd saai.
Exercise 10
Translate
the following into
English:
1
Dit
zijn
de jongens
en
meisjes
van
de buurvrouw.
2 Zij heelt twee tantes
en
twee ooms
.
3 Deze foto's
zijn erg
goed.
4 De
vaders en
de moeders
van
die kinderen hebben
allebei veel
ambities.
5 Die liederen
zijn erg
mooi.
6 Deze paraplu's
zijn groat.
7 De
stad
heeft vee!
trams.
8 Die tafels
zijn
nieuw.
Exercise 11
Translate the following
into
English:
1 De bibliothekaresse heeft veel romans.
2 De
schrijfster
heeft twee huizen.
3 De lerares is
erg
aardig.
4 Dit is mijnsecretaresse.
5 De
vader van
de
studente
heelt
een
boot.
6 De boerinnen
zijn vriendelijk.
7
Zijn prinsessen
altijd mooi?
8 De
Engelse
is
ziek: zij
heeft koorts.
Exercise 12
Translate the follow
i
ng into Dutch:
1 These pears are expensive.
2
I
have two dresses.
3 Are those novels dull?
4 The authoress has a
lot
of books.
5 Biographies are
difficult.
6 The Dutch woman
has
two children.
7 Nurses are always kind.
8
The
photographs of the
lioness are very good.
9 The
boys
and girls are
in
the
garden.
10 Are
the roads
good here?
11 Do you (singular) see
those
skirts
in
the shop
window?12
I have
a
book
about ships
and boats.
13
Is
the teacher (f) very
tired?
14 Aunts and
uncles
are
nice.
15
Does the prince have
a secretary
(m)?
Drills
1 Stimulus-response drill
S Dit boek is
saai.
R Deze boeken
zijn
oak
saai.
S
Deze
roman
is slecht.
R
Deze romans zijn
oak
slecht.
S Dezewegis nieuw.R Deze
wegen zijn oak
nieuw.
S
Dit kind is
aardig.
R
Deze
kinderen zijn oak
aardig.
S
Deze etalage is
groat.
R Deze
etalages zijn oak groat.
S
Dit huis
is
klein.
2 Stimulus-response drill S De leraar zit in de tuin. R De lerares zit in de tuin.
S De bibJiOlhekaris zit in de tuin. R De bibJiothekaressezitin de lUin.
S Deschrijver zit in de win. R De schrijlsterzit in de lUin.
S De boer zit in de tuin. R De boerin zit in de lUin.
S De slUdent zit in de lUin. R De studentezit in de lUin.
S De teldonist zit in de lUin. R De teleloniste zit in de tuin.
CONVERSATION
fen tevreden klant
MENEER DE BRUIN Goede morgen. Heeft u dat boek over de prinses?
BIBLIOTHEKARESSE II<heb veel boeken over prinsessen. MENEER DE BRUIN Deze is Engelse.
BIBLIOTHEKARESSE Ishet een biografie of een roman?
MENEER DEBRUIN Biografieen zijn saai.
BIBlIOTHEKARESSE Oak die over prinsen en prinsessen? MENEER DE BRUIN Reeft u een roman over een prinses
uit Engeland?
B1BlIOTHEKARESSE Jazeker, meneer. En de naam van deschrijver is ...?
MENEER DE BRUIN Weetikveel? U bent de bibliothekaresse.
BIBLIOTHEKARESSE Oatiseenbeetjemoeilijk, meneer.
MENEER DE BRUIN Luistertueens. Het is ruet
vaar
mij. Het isvaar mijn vrouw. Die isniet zo kieskeurig.DUTCH IN THREE MONTHS
BIBLIOTHEKARESSE Hier heeft u een biografie van een telefoniste. Is dat goed?
MENEERDE BRUIN la. Alles is goed. Dag mevrouw.
TRANSLATION
A satisfied
customer
MRDE BRUIN Good morning. Haveyou got that book about princess?
LIBRARIAN got alotof books about princesses.
MR DE BRUIN Thisone is English.
LIBRARIAN Is ita biography or a novel?
MR DE BRUIN Biographies are boring.
lIBRARIANE Even those about princes and princesses?
MRDE BRUIN Doyou have a novel abouta princess from England?
LIBRARIAN Yesindeed.And the writer's name is ...?
MRDE BRUIN How do I know? You're the librarian. LIBRARIAN That makes it a bit difficult.
MR DE BRUIN Listen here. It isn't lor me.It's lor my wile. She's not that fussy.
LIBRARIAN Here's a biography 01 a telephonist. All right?
MR DE BRUIN Yes. Anything.Bye [madam].
_
FORMING THE PRESENTTENSE
The stem isformed by taking away the-eninfinitive ending, as in:
we drink you drink
you drink (formal) they drink
shedrinks
itdrinks
Jij woont in Amsterdam.You live in Amsterdam.
But:
WOODjij in Amsterdam? Doyou live in Amsterdam?
Hij woont in Londen. He lives in London
But:
Woont hij inLonden? Does he live in London? REMEMBER:When inversion (see section7)occurs, the second person singular form dropsits -tending;this is theonly form affected in this way:
The first person singular consists of the stem withno ending. The second and third person singular add -tto the stem, and-en is added for all plural forms. plural
drinken jullie drinken u drinkt zij drinken zij drinkt het drinkt
(todrink) (to live) (to lie) drinken
wonen Iiggen
To form the present tense, students first need to know the stem of the verb. When a new verb is given,itwill be in theinfinitive form:
English has two kinds of present tense where Dutch has only one: hij drinktcan mean 'he drinks' or 'he is drinking'.
Here you will encounter some extra revision exercises. Take
time to run through the ground you have already covered.
New material includes:
formingthe presenttense ofverbs
someuseful verbs, includingkomen come') askingquestions: where?, what?, who?, etc
drink-,woon-,Iig- When the stem of a verb ends in -t, a second-tis never
added inthe singular of the present tense:
Hereisthe present tense ofdrinken(to drink): SPELLING NOTE:For verbs likewonen which require doubled vowels in closed syllables (for examplein the stem woon)and verbs likeIiggenwhich require a double consonant in the infinitive and single consonant inthe stem, rememberto apply thespelling rules
given insection4. Verbs likelezenand blijven which have azor av
before the infinitiveending, have sorfrespectively in the stemand throughout thepresent tense singular, but not inthe plural:
3rd person singular hij zit
hij praat
3rd person plural zij lezen
zij blijven 3rd person
sing. hij leest hij blijft stem
zit praat
stem lees blijf lezen (to read)
blijven (tostay)
infinitive infinitive zitten (tosit) praten (to talk)
I drink you drink
you drink (formal) hedrinks
singular ik drink jij drinkt
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (18)
stemga s18 sla doe zie
plural
wij kamen jullie komen
u komt (formal) zij komen
wij gaan jullie gaan u gaat zij gaan infinitive
gaan (to go) staan (to stand) slaan (to hit) doen (todo) zien (to see)
Forexample: ikga
jij gaat (ga jij?) ugaat
hij gaat
1 kamento come
Thisverb hasa change of vowel sound inthesingular of thepresent tense. Although one would expectthe stem
tocontain00, it takes the formkom. singular
ik kom
jij komt (komjij?) u komt (formal) hij komt
They form their present tense regularly in thesingular and just add -nin theplural. Remember toapplythe spelling rules togaan,staanand slaan.
2 There are five monosyllabic verbs whose infinitives end in-n:
koh-mer; ick kom; yeyetckomt; kom yey; veyetc koh-mer; HGahn; stahn; slahn; doon;zeen; ickHGah; yeyetc HGaht; HGah yey; veyetcHGahn.
WEEK 3
I
45SOME USEFUL VERBS
worden (to become) = word-(pronounced 'wort').The second and third person singular ending-tisadded to thestemand the resulting -dtspells the sound t:hij wordt(pronounced 'wort').
infinitive stem 1st person 2nd person sing. sing. rljden rijd ik rij(d) rij(d) jij? (to drive)
houden houd ik hou(d) hou(d) jij?
(to hold)
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (17)
PRONUNCIATION NOTE:When the stem of a verb endsin -d,this ispronounced t(seeweek 2, section For example:
In spoken Dutch, verbs whose stem endsin-d preceded by eitherij (e.g. rijden) orou(e.g. houden) drop the -d
inthe first person singular, and inthe questionform of the second person singular:
The-d may bewritten, but itis not pronounced.
drink-er; voh-neT;liHG-er; ick drink; yey
etc
drinkt; vey etcdrink-er; zit-ter; hey zit; prah-ter; hey praht; lay-zer; hey layst; zeylay-zer; bley-fer; hey blayfft;zeybley-fer;vcr-der; heyvort; rey-er; ick rey; rey yey; how-er; ick how; howyey.
QUESTIONS: WHERE? WHAT? WHO? ETC
As you have alreadyseen in week 1,section to aska question in Dutchyou simply switcharound the subject and the verb.Thereis noequivalentto theEnglish construction with 'do'. SoDrinkt u?is the same as saying 'Doyou drink?'
As you have alsoalready learnt, in section the Dutch present tense translates both the English 'he drinks' and 'heis drinking'. Similarlydrinkt u?can mean 'doyou drink?' or'areyou drinking?'
Questionsarealso introducedby waar(where), wat (what), wie(who), hoe(how), waarom (why),and wanneer(when). Inversion still occurs:
Waar woont hij? Where does he live? Wat drink je? What are you drinking?
Wie is die man? Who is that man?
Hoe maakt u het? How doyou do?
Waarom doeje dat? Whyare you doingthat?
Wanneerkarnt hij? When ishe coming?
To ask 'where ...to" Dutch addsnaartoetothe end of a'Where' question:
Waar ga je naartoe? Whereare you going (lO)?
Similarly 'where ... from?' isrendered inDutch by adding vandaan to a'Where'question:
Waar karot hij vandaan? Where doeshecome from?
Welkand welkeintroduce 'Which'questions.Welk is used in front ofhet-nounsandwelke beforede-nouns. Forexample:
Welk huis bedoel je?Which house do youmean? Welke jurk bedoelje? Which dress doyou mean? Welkehuizenbedoel je?Which houses doyou mean?
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION
(19)
vat; vee; hoo: vah-'rom; van-nayr; nahr-'too; fan-'dahn;welk; wel-ker.
VOCABULARY
achter behind naar to
bet bezoek visit naar hujs home
opbezoek on a visit nooit never
het bier beer het restaurant
denken think restau'rant
echt real/really reuzegezellig greatfun
hetfeest parry thuis athome
gezellig pleasant uit from,
hetglas glass out of
houden van like,love van'avond this evening
heti'dee idea vinden find
ja'wel oh yes, yes Hoe vind What do
indeed je...? youthink
kennen know, be of ...?
acquainted voar for with v66r (stressed) in frontof
leuk nice de wijn wine
maken make zo so
na after
IMITATED PRONUNCIATION
aHG-ter; ber-'zook;beer; den-ker; eHGt; flayst; HGer-'zel -lerHG;HGlas;how-erfan;ee-'day; yah-'vel; ken-ner;
Exercise 13
WEEK 3
I
49jullie
ik
jij
wij
zij
(plu
ral
)
zitten
jij
wij
zij
(singular)
Exercise
16
Drills
1
Substitution
drill
As
before,
substitute
the
word
in the
second column
for
the word in
bold
type in the first
column
and
alter
the
verb where
necessary.
Remember
to
keep the
next
line
cove
red
in
each case.
Hij li
g
t in
de tuin.
JuUie
liggen in de tuin.
Iklig in de tuin.
Jij
Iigt in
de
lUin.
Wij
liggen in de lUin.
Zij
liggen
in de tuin.
Zij
zinen in de tuin.
Jij
zit in
de
lUin
.
Wij
zinen
in de
tuin.
Zij
zit
in de lUin.
Translate the
following
sentences into Dutch
:
1
What
are you (singu
lar)
doing
after th
e
party?
2 I
am going
home.
3
Where do they
come
from?
4
We live in
that
house.
5
Why are
you (plu
ra
l) sining in the garden?
6 I
am
reading a book
.
7
Do
you (formal)
know
Amsterdam?
8She
is staying
at
home.
9
What do
the
children
drink?
10 Who
is standing over
there?
11Th
e
librarian loves
parties.
12
You
(s
ingular)
are
talking a lot this
evening.
4
drinken
8
kamen
12
gaan
3
praten
7 rijden
11
hauden
2 wonen
6
zinen
10 zien
1liggen
5
worden
9
slaan
Write
down the first and third person singular of the
following
verbs:
Translate the following sentences into
English
:
1
Wij wanen in
Landen.
2
Waar
woan jij?
3Hij
ligt in
bed.
4
Drinken julJie veel bier?
5
lk vind
het
feest erg gezeJlig
.
6
Zij zinen
in
de tuin
achter
het
huis.
7
Zij
praat
vee!.
8
Wie
woont in
dat
hui
s?
9
Wij
houden va
n
feesten.
10
Hoe vindt u
de wijn
in dit
restaurant?
Exercise
14
Translate
the
following sentences
into English:
1 Waar
gaan
de
stu
denten na
a
n
oe?
2
Zie
je die kinderen daar?
3
Zij staa
n
v66r het huis.
4
lk kom uit
Londen.
5
Waar
komen julJie vandaan?
6Wat doen we vanavond?
7
Gaat u altijd
naar
dat
restaurant?
8
Zij ziet de buurvrouw in de bus.
9
Dag.
lk
ga naar
huis.
10
Deze jongen slaat
de bond nooit.
15
2 Stimulus-response drill
S Drinkt u altijd bier? R Ja, ikdrink altijd bier. S Woant u hierin Amsterdam? R Ja, ik woon hier in Amsterdam.
S Houdl u van feesten?
R Ja, ik houd van feesten. S Praat u veel?
R Ja, ik praat vee!. S Zietu de kinderen? R Ja, ikzie de kinderen. S Gaat u naar huis? R Ja, ik ga naar huis. S Vindtu de tuin mooi? R Ja, ik vind de tuin mooi.
S Kent u de bibliothekaresse? R Ja, ik ken de bibliothekaresse.
CONVERSATION
Snel gedaan
ANNEKE Dag Lies, hoe gaat het?
LIES Heel goed, dank je. Ken je meneer de
Groot?
ANNEKE 1k denk het niet. Dag meneer de Groot. Anneke Smeets.
TON Dag mevrouw Smeets. Hoe maakt u het? LIES Meneer de Groot WOODt niet hier in
Amsterdam. Hij woont in Leiden.
ANNEKE Wat leuk!
lk
vind Leiden zo mooi. Hoevindt u het feest?
TON ReuzegezelJig, hoor. LIES Wat drinken jullie?
ANN EKE
lk
een glas wijn.TON Enik een bier, alstublieft.
LIES Ik benzo terug.
TON Zeg Anneke, vindje Leiden echt zo leuk?
ANNEKE Jazeker.
TON Waarom komjedan niet op bezoek? ANNEKE Goed idee,meneer deGroot.
TON Mijn naam isTon. Wanneer komje?
ANNEKE Vanavond na hetfeest? Gaan we?
LIES Hier ben ik ...
TON AND Dag!
ANNEKE
TRANSLATION
Quick work
ANNEKE Hello Lies.Howare things?
LIES Fine, thanks. Do you know Mr de Groot?
ANNEKE Idon't think so. Hello. Mr de Groot. I'm Anneke
Smeets.
TON Hello,Ms Smeets. How do you do?
LIES Mr de Groot doesn'tliveherein Amsterdam. He
lives inLeiden.
ANNEKE Hownice. Ithink Leiden isso lovely. What do you think of the party?
TON Oh, great fun.
LIES What are you drinking? ANNEKE A glass of wine for me.
TON And a beer for me, please.
LIES I won't be long.
TON Listen Anneke, do you reallythink Leiden is
that nice? ANNEKE Yes, of course.
TON Why don't you come for
a
visit, then?ANNEKE Good idea, Mr de Groot.
TON My name isTon. When are youcoming?
ANNEKE Thls evening after the party? ShaJI we go? UES HereIam
TON AND Bye!
