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a t o g g n a a t u j u t a s n a d 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 a r a t n a , 5 6 9 1 r i h k a a d a p n u m a N -anggotadanpendukung -a k a r a j n e p i d u b ir n a h u l u p n a d n a h u n u b m e p n a b r o k i d a j n e m h a l e t I K P g n u k u d n e p nd ikamp-kamp .i l a k e s a m a s n a n a w a lr e p a y n a d a a p n a t ,i s a rt n e s n o k n a h u n u b m e P -pembunuhan tius angaltaht ersebar-lua ,ss ampais ungai-sunga imenjad ipenuh t a y a m n a g n e d -maya tparapekejradanpetani .Sewaktur egu-regupembanta imlitie ryang u k a c n e m A I C g n u k u d i d pis emuaanggotadanpendukungPK Iyangt erketahu idanmelakukan : n a k a ti r e b m e m " e m i T " h a l a j a m , a k e r e m i j e k n a i a t n a b m e p n a h u n u b m e P " -pembunuhan tiudliakukandalams kalayangs edemikians ehinggapembuangan i d s u ir e s g n a y i s a ti n a s n a l a o s r e p n a k b a b e y n e m t a y a m SumartaUtara ,d imanaudarayangl embab g n a r O . k u s u b m e m t a y a m u a b a w a b m e m -orangdar idaerah-daerahi n ibercertiakepadak tia i a g n u s g n a t n e t -sunga ikeci lyangbenar-benart erbendungolehmayat-mayat .Transpo trasis unga i " .s u ir e s a r a c e s t a b m a h r e t i d a j n e m a B gaimanakahkekalahanbersejarahi n idapatt e jradi?J awabannyamemelrukans ebuah l a n o i s a n s i u jr u b s a l e k h e l o n a t a n a i h k g n e p , a i s e n o d n I t a y k a r n a k a r e g r e p h a r a j e s ir a d n a it il e n e p a rt n o k n a n a r e p , o n r a k u S h e l o n i p m i p i d g n a y -revolusione rPK Idanperananpenitngyang )t a ir a t e r c e S d e ti n U ( " g n u b a g r e T t a ir a t e r k e S " i r a d s i o l b a P s i n u tr o p o a r a p h e l o n a k n i a m i d -nya .s i n il a t S a r a p n a t a n a i h k g n e p u t n a b m e m m a l a d n e s n a H h p e s o J n a d l e d n a M t s e n r E ' a i s A a t a m r e P ' A e m s il a ir e p m i t a i n i r a d l i s a h n a k a p u r e m a i s e n o d n I i d h a r a d r e b a t e d u K Suntukmendapatkan r e b m u s n a d m a l a n a a y a k e k s a t a k a lt u m l o rt n o k -sumbers rtategi sdar ikepulauanyangs e irng . u ti 'a i s A a t a m r e P ' n a k a m a n i d n u h a t i d r e w o h n e s i E S A n e d i s e r p h e l o n a k s a g e ti d S A e m s il a ir e p m i i g a b a i s e n o d n I a y n g n it n e P e k n a k a t a g n e m a i u t k a w , 3 5 9 1 padakonperens igubernu rnegara-negarabagianbahwa t a g n a s h a l a d a m a n t e i V i d s i c n a r e P h a t n ir e m e p l a i n o l o k g n a r e p k u t n u S A h e l o n a a y a i b m e p . a i s e n o d n I l o rt n o g n e m p a t e t k u t n u " h a r u m r e t n a l a j " n a k a p u r e m n a d f it a r e p m i i k h a li r a m g n a r a k e S " : n a k g n a r e n e m r e w o h n e s i E taanggapktiakehlianganI ndocina .Blia r i h k a r e t h a n a t g n a d i b e s , a k a l a M g n u j n a T . i d a jr e t g n u s g n a l n a k a l a h a p a r e b e b , g n a li h a n i c o d n I t a g n a s g n a y n e t s g n u t n a d h a m i T . n a k n a h a tr e p i d k u t n u t il u s i d a j n e m n a k a , a n a s i d n a h a tr e b g n a y u ti h a r e a d i r a d i a g r a h a ti k akanberhent idatang ,dans eluruhI ndiaakant erkepung. n a k a a n a s r a ti k e s i d i s i s o p a u m e S . n a k n a h a tr e p i d t a p a d g n a y i s i s o p i d a d a r e b n a k a k a d it a m ri B " a ti k a k ij a y n ri h k a a d a p a n e r a k , t a k ir e S a k ir e m A t a u b n a k g n a n e y n e m k a t t a g n a s i d a j n e m u ti a u m e s n a g n a li h e k ,bagaimanakahduniabeba sakanmempe trahankankerajaanI ndonesia ? a y a k g n a y g n a y h a li n i n a d , g n a r a k e s n a k it n e h r e b i d s u r a h n a d n a k it n e h r e b i d s u r a h i n i , a n a m i d h a t n e , i d a J " . n a k a h a s u a ti k

i d g n a r e p u t n a b m e m k u t n u r a l o d a t u j 0 0 4 g n a b m u y n e m k u t n u n a k s u t u m e m S A a li b , i d a J " h a r u m r e t n a l a j h il i m e m a ti K . s it a r g n a u t n a b m a r g o r p n a k a r a u y n e m a y n n a k u b a ti k , a n i c o d n I t a k ir e S a k ir e m A t a u b k u r u b t a g n a s it r a r e b n a k a g n a y u t a u s e s a y n i d a jr e t h a g e c n e m k u t n u , g n a r a b n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n u a ti k n a u p m a m e k n a d n a t a u k e k , n a n a m a e k -barangt etrentuyangktia n a a y a k e k i r a d n a k h u t u b -kekayaanwliayahI ndonesiadanAsiaTenggara." r e b m u s g n a d i b i d a i n u d i d a m il r o m o n a y a k r e t a r a g e n i a g a b e s n a k a ri k r e p i d h a l e t a i s e n o d n I -r e b m u s alam .Selains ebaga iproduse rminyakyangnomo rilmat erbesa ,rI ndonesiamempunya i n a g n a d a c -cadangan itmah ,bauks ti ,batubara ,emas ,perak ,berilan ,mangan,f osfat ,nikel , h a p m e r , a p a l e k , a l u g , u a k a b m e t ,t i w a s a p a l e k k a y n i m , i p o k , t e r a k , a g a b m e t -rempah ,kayudan .r a s e b t a g n a s g n a y a n i k i r a d h i b e l k o s a m e m a d n a l e B s e i d n I t s a E l i g g n a p i d h i s a m u ti u t k a w a d a p g n a y , 9 3 9 1 n u h a t a d a P h a r e a d s a t a n a a s a u k e K . t a k ir e S a k ir e m A i g a b g n it n e p g n a y h a t n e m n a h a b l a t o t i s m u s n o k h u r a p e s d g n it n e p h a l a s a m n a k a p u r e m i n i g n it n e p alamperangAS-Jepangd iPasi ifk .Dalammasas etelah n a a y a k e k n a g n a li h e k k a d it k u t n u t a l u b d a k e tr e b S A a s a u g n e p s a l e k g n a r e p -kekayaannegarai n i . a i s e n o d n I t a y k a r n a g n a t e k jr e p a w h a b r it a w a h k i d a j n e m S A , 4 5 9 1 n u h a t i d m a n t e i V i d s i c n a r e P n a h a l a k e k h a l e t e S uangan , a r a g g n e T a i s A h a r e a d h u r u l e s i d r e n o i s u l o v e r n a k a l o g r e p t u l u y n e m n a k a m a n t e i V t a y k a r . a i s e n o d n I s a t a a k e r e m l o rt n o k m a c n a g n e m n e d i s e r p i d a j n e m n a k a a r e g e s g n a y , n o x i N d r a h c i R , a i s e n o d n I i d a t e d u k m u l e b e s , 5 6 9 1 n u h a t i D m o b e g n e p k u t n u n a k u r e y n e m , S A ans aturas iuntukmeilndung i"potens iminera lbesar " r a s e b r e t h a i d a h " n a k a p u r e m a i s e n o d n I a w h a b n a k a t a y n e m a i d , u ti h a l e t e s n u h a t a u D . a i s e n o d n I ." a r a g g n e T a i s A h a l e t S A e m s il a ir e p m i n a g n it n e p e k k u t n u o tr a h u S r u t a t k i d n a a n u g e k , 5 6 9 1 a t e d u k h a l e t e S s ir a g r e t bawah idalaml aporanDepa tremenLua rNeger iASkeKonggre sdit ahun1975 ,yang : " a i n u d i d s i g e t a rt s a r a c e s g n a n e w r e b g n il a p g n a y i s a k o l " i a g a b e s a i s e n o d n I t u b e y n e m x "Mempunya ipopulas iyangt erbesa rdis eluruhAsiaTenggara . x "Merupakanpenyupla iutamabahan-bahanmentahd idaerah tiu . x "KemakmuranekonomiJ epangyangt eru sberkembang,s angaltaht ergantungpada n a h a b n a d i m u b k a y n i m -bahanmentahl ainyangdipasokolehI ndonesia . x "Investas iAme irkayangs udahadadiI ndonesias angaltahkokohdanhubungandagang . t a p e c g n a b m e k r e b g n a d e s a ti k x "Indonesiamungkins ecarameningka takanmenjad ipenyediayangpenitnguntuk . S A i g r e n e n a u lr e p e k x "IndonesiaadalahanggotaOPEC,t etap itiumengamblis ikapyangmodera tdalam h a k g n a l -langkahnya ,dan itdaki kuts e tradalamembargominyakbumi . x "KepulauanI ndonesiat e lretakpadaj alur-jalurl au tyangs rtategi sdanpeme irntah n a g n i d n u r e p m a l a d l a ti v g n a y n a n a r e p n a k n i a m e m a i s e n o d n I -perundinganhukum n it n e p e k n a d n a n a m a e k k u t n u g n it n e p h a lt a g n a s g n a y , n a t u a l e k gankomersii lktia. " d a b a r e B a m a l e S l a i n o l o K n a s a p m a r e P -Abad

n a a y a k e k k o p m a r e m , n u h a t 0 5 3 a m a l e s n u p m a a p n a t a i s e n o d n I h a j a j n e m a d n a l e B l a i n o l o K n a n u b e k r e p a k u b m e m , a y n m a l a -perkebunanbesa rdanmemerasr akyatnyas ecarakejam. t a s a d a a y n a h 0 4 9 1 n u h a t a d a P udokte runtuks eitap60,000orang( dibandingkandenganI ndia ,d i g n a r e P r i h k a a d a P . s a t A h a g n e n e M h a l o k e S n a s u l u l 0 0 4 , 2 n a d ) 0 0 0 , 6 : 1 h a l a d a a y n o i s a r a n a m a t u b h i s a m a i s e n o d n I i s a l u p o p i r a d n e s r e p 3 9 , a u d e K a i n u D -huru .f s a l e B n a li b m e s e K d a b a n a a l u m r e p a d a P ,perkembangankaumbu jruisI ngg ir smakinmenantang i d a j n e m a d n a l e B k il i m y n a p m o C s e i d n I t s a E 0 0 8 1 n u h a t i D . i n i h a r e a d s a t a a d n a l e B i s a n i m o d li b m a g n e m s ir g g n I n a d t u r k g n a b -ailhdaerahkekuasaannyaantarat ahun1811dan1816 .D i o d n o L f o y t a e r T , 4 2 8 1 n u h a t n( Pe jranijanLondon )membag idaerahi n iantarakeduanya:I ngg ir s . a i s e n o d n I n a u a l u p e k i a s a u g n e m p a t e t a d n a l e B n a d a k a l a M g n u j n a t s a t a l o rt n o k t a p a d n e m i a l u m g n a b m e k r e b g n a d e s u r a b g n a y a k ir e m A e m s il a ir e p m i , h u l u p a u d e K d a b a n a a l u m r e P u t n u n a g n a t n a t i d a j n e m kkekuatankolonia lEropa,t erutamas etelahpendudukanFiilpinaoleh . 8 9 8 1 n u h a t i d t a k ir e S a k ir e m A n a d i m u b k a y n i m s a t a a d n a l e B n a g n e d g n a g a d g n a r e p m a l a d t a b il r e t g n a d e s t a k ir e S a k ir e m A s a t a i l o p o n o m n a k t u b e r e p m e m i a l u m d r a d n a t S k a y n i m n a a h a s u r e P . t e r a k daerah-daerah n a d h c t u D l a y o R , 7 0 9 1 n u h a t i D . y n a p m o c h c t u D l a y o R h e l o a i s e n o d n I i d k a y n i m n a g n a b m a tr e p i s a u ti s ir a d n a g n u t n u e k l i b m a g n e M . S A i r a d i s it e p m o k i g n i d n a n e m k u t n u g n u b a g r e b l l e h S T a w a J i d k a y n i m r o b e g n e m i a l u m l i O d r a d n a t S , a m a tr e P a i n u D g n a r e P engah ,dandalamt ahun n a a h a s u r e p a m a s g n a y -perusahaanASmula imenguasa iperkebunan-perkebunankaret . n a n u b e k r e p a k u b m e m r e b b u R d n a e r y T r a e y d o o G -perkebunanmerekadanUSRubbe rmembuka n a n u b e k r e p -perkebunankare td ibawahs atupemi ilkanyangt erbesa rd idunia. : e g d ir e v e B m a il li W r o t a n e S h e l o s a k g n ir i d t a p a d u ti u t k a w e s i n i h a r e a d i d S A i g e t a rt S . s a t a b r e t k a t g n a y a n i C n a r a s a p h a l a d a a n i p il i F t a w e l n a d .. . a y n a m a l e s a ti k k il i m h a l a d a a n i p il i F " a k l a g g n i n e m n a k a k a d it a ti K . a y n a u d e k i r a d r u d n u m n a k a k a d it a ti K nt anggung-jawabktiad i g n u g g n a t n a k l a g g n i n e m n a k a k a d it a ti K . u ti n a u a l u p e k -jawabktiad iAsiaTimur .Ktia itdakakan i d n a b a d r e p k u t n u , n a h u T n a a y a c r e p e k , a ti k a s g n a b i s i m m a l a d i d a ti k n a i g a b n a k l a g g n i n e m a r n a g n e d .. . a y r a k r e b u j a m n a k a a ti k .. .i n i a i n u d sat e irmakasih.. .danr asas yuku rkepadaTuhan g n a r o i a g a b e s a ti k h il i m e m h a l e t a i D a n e r a k r a s e B a h a M g n a y a ti k -orangt erpiilhNya ,dan s u r a h g n a r a k e s i a l u m a ti k r a s e b r e t n a g n a g a d r e P .. . a i n u d i s a r e n e g e r m a l a d n i p m i m e m a y n t u j n a l e s i k if i s a P t u a L . a i s A n a g n e d tuadalahl au tktia.. .danPasi ifkadalahl au tperdaganganmasadepan . , a n i p il i F n a g n e d n a D . a i n u d i a s a u g n e m g n a y n a t a u k e k h a l a d a , k if i s a P i k il i m e m g n a y n a t a u k e K " . a k ir e m A k il b u p e R i d a j n e m u l a l e s n a k a n a d h a l a d a u ti n a t a u k e k a p e J e m s il a ir e p m i a y n g n a b m e k r e B ngdanekspansinyakeKorea ,Manchu iradanCina h a r e a d n a a s a u g n e p s a t a a k ir e m A e m s il a ir e p m i n a g n e d n a g n a t n e tr e p n a k l u b m i n e m -daerah tiu , m u a k n a n i g n i e K . a u d e K a i n u D g n a r e P m a l a d k if i s a P g n a r e P m a l a d s u t e l e m n a d t a k g n i n e m g n a y e k t u b e r e m k u t n u g n a p e J s i u jr u b kuasaanAS ,Peranci sdanBelandamembawapenitngnya e k , m a l a n a a y a k e k r e b m u s n a d a r a g g n e T a i s A i r a d a i d n I t u a L e k g n a b r e g i a g a b e s , a i s e n o d n I .s u k o f m a l a d

, g n a p e J e k a i s e n o d n I s a t a n a a s a u k e k n a k h a r e y n e m a d n a l e B s il a i n o l o k a r a p 2 4 9 1 n u h a t i D r a i b m e m a d a p ir a d kanr akyatI ndonesiabe jruanguntukkemerdekaan .Semuakekuatani mpe irail s .s a d n it r e t g n a y a i s e n o d n I t a y k a r it u k a n e m k u t n u k i a b n a s a l a i a y n u p m e m li k a w 4 1 9 1 n u h a t h u a j e S -waklit erbaikdar ikela sburuhI ndonesiat elahmengambi lajaran a i s o s s A a k it e k e m s i x r a M s iSosia lDemokratI ndies( Indie sSocia lDemocraitcAssociaiton ) u ti 1 2 9 1 n u h a t i D . t e il v e e n S k ir d n e H a d n a l e B s i n u m o k g n a r o e s p it a i s i n i n a g n e d k u t n e b i d i d k i v e h s l o B i s u l o v e R a d a p e k n a p a g g n a t i a g a b e s a i s e n o d n I s i n u m o K i a tr a P i d a j n e m h a b u r e b . a i s u R K P Imendapatkankewenanganbesa rd iantarar akya tdenganmemimpinpe jruanganmelawan n a k a r e g r e p k u s a m r e t , a d n a l e B e m s il a i n o l o k -pergerakanbesa ryangpe tramadiJ awadanSumarta . 7 2 9 1 n a d 6 2 9 1 n u h a t i d a y a n i C i s u l o v e R m a l a d k a r e g r e b g n a d e s a n i C t a y k a r a k it e K ngkeduadit ahun1926-27 ,para . I K P n i p m i p i d g n a y , n a k a t n o r e b m e p h a u b e s m a l a d k a r e g r e b a g u j a i s e n o d n I i n a t e p n a d a jr e k e p n a k a t n o r e b m e p n a k m a d a m e m l i s a h r e b a d n a l e B l a i n o l o k n a g n a n e w e k , a g u j n u p a n a m i a g a B -tr e t g n a r o 0 0 0 , 3 1 p a k g n a n e m a k e r e M . u ti n a k a t n o r e b m e p uduh ,memenjarakan4,500dan . g n a r a li d I K P . t a r a B n a ir I i d i s a rt n e s n o k p m a k m a l a d e k 8 0 3 , 1 n a k g n i s a g n e m it a n a i h k i D l a n o i s a N n a s a b e b m e P n a g n a u j r e P t a y k a r a u d e K a i n u D g n a r e P r i h k a a d a P -rakyatt eritnda sdiI ndonesia,I ndia ,Sr iLanka ,Cinadan a i s A h u r u l e s i d Tenggaradanduniamajubergerakdalampe jruangan-pe jruanganr evolusione r . e m s il a ir e p m i ir a d i ri d n a k s a b e b m e m k u t n u a r a g e n n a d a p o r E i d h u r u b s a l e k , a m a s g n a y t a a s a d a P -negarakaptiail smengadakanpe jruangan -t a p a d a y n a h u tI . n a k g n a c n o g g n e m g n a y n a g n a u jr e p dipadamkanmelalu iperkhianatanbriokras i i a tr a p n a d n il a t S h e l o n i p m i p i d g n a y t e y v o S -pa tra iStailni sdis eluruhdunia .Pengkhianatan a jr e k e p -peke jraPerancis ,tIal idanYunan iyangt erutama ,danpendi iranr e ijm-reijmyang d s it a r k o ri b a r a c e s n a k il a d n e k i d iEropaTimu rmemperbolehkani mpe irailsmeuntuk .i ri d n a k p a t n a m e m i n U m a l a d a w e m it s i k a h r e b a t s a k h a u b e s a y n l u c n u m , n a 0 3 9 1 n u h a t i D -Sovyet ,yangmengambi l i a tr a p n a k r u c n a h g n e m h a l e t ,t e y v o S r a t e l o r p m u a k i r a d s it il o p n a a s a u k e k -pa tra iKomunis .Dar i i a tr a p -pa traiI nternasionalr evolusioner ,merekaberubahmenjad iorganisasi-organisas ikonrta -n a g n a u jr e p n a k e n e m g n a y , r e n o i s u l o v e r -pe jruanganmandri ikela sburuh. a r a g e n i D -negarakolonial ,pa trai-pa tra iStailnisi n,it ermasukPK,Is ecaras istemait s n a k h a w a b e g n e m kepenitnganr akya tkekela sbu jruis-nasiona lyangdipimpinoleht okoh-tokoh n a g n e d n a i a s e l e y n e p i r a c n e m a h a s u r e b g n a y a i s e n o d n I i d o n r a k u S n a d a i d n I i d i h d n a G i tr e p e s n a t a u k e k -kekuatankolonia luntukmempe trahankankekuasaankaptiail .s n a ij n a jr e P -pe jranijans etelahPerangDuniaKedua itdakmenghaslikanpembebasannasiona l n e g a t a y k a r a d a p e k n a k n a b e b m e m i p a t e t , e m s il a ir e p m i ir a d i t a j e s g n a y -agenbarukekuasaan

, o n r a k u S n i p m i p i d , l a n o i s a n s i u jr u b s a l e k a n a m i d a i s e n o d n I i d a y n s u s a k h a l a d a i n I .s il a ir e p m i n e m gadakanpe jranijan-pe jran ijanr eaksione rdenganBelanda. n a s u l u l h a l a d a , s it a r k o t s ir a a g r a u l e k i r a d l a s a r e b g n a y a w a J h a l o k e s u r u g g n a r o e s a rt u p , o n r a k u S ti t e p m u a k s i p it l a i s o s n a s i p a l ir a d n a i g a b , k e ti s r a -bu jrui syangberpendidikan .Diaadalahketua tr a P a iNasionalI ndonesias aa ttiudibentukdit ahun1927danmengalam ipenjaradan .l a n o i s a n n a a k e d r e m e k n a k r a j a g n e m a i d a n e r a k a d n a l e B n a g n a t i d n a g n i s a g n e p n a k u s a p n a g n e d a m a s a jr e k e b l a n o i s a n s i u jr u b s a l e k n a d o n r a k u S a u d e K a i n u D g n a r e P m a l a D e J n a k u d u d n e p pangdenganharapanmendapatkans emacamkemerdekaannasional .Dalamha ir -h u r a p e s n a g n u k u d n a g n e d , o n r a k u S u ti g n a r e p r i h k a r e t ir a h -haitJ epang ,mendeklarasikan . 5 4 9 1 s u t s u g A 7 1 l a g g n a t a d a p a k e d r e m g n a y a i s e n o d n I k il b u p e R n i p m i m e p n a h a r A -pemimpinkela sburjui snasionali n ibukanlahuntukmemimpins ebuah n a d i s a rt s i n i m d a h a u b e s n a k ir i d n e m k u t n u i p a t e t , e m s il a ir e p m i n a w a l e m r a t e l o r p n a k a r e g r a w a t m a l a d a k e r e m i s i s o p t a u k r e p m e m -menawa rdenganBelanda ,yang itdakmempunya i . u ti h a r e a d i d a r a t n e t B i s k a e r i p a t e T elandaadalahmengadakanperangyangkejamuntukmenekanr eijmyangbaru i a p m a s g n a p e J a r a t n e t h a t n ir e p h a w a b i d p a t e t k u t n u a i s e n o d n I n a k h a t n ir e m e m a k e r e M . i n i a r a t n e t n a k a n u g g n e m n a i d u m e k g n a p e J n a d s ir g g n I . a n a s i a p a c n e m t a p a d s ir g g n I a r a t n e t -tentara e J panguntukmenekanpejruanganbe trekadparapeke jra ,pemudadanpetaniI ndonesia .Dengan n a t a u k e k a u m e s , u ti g e b -kekuatani mpe irail sbergabungmelawanr akyatI ndonesia. a k u S , a d n a l e B a r a t n e t p a d a h r e t a i s e n o d n I h u r u l e s i d s u t e l e m a t a j n e s r e b n a n a w a lr e p a k it e K rno , n a g n e d i m o r p m o k k it il o p h a u b e s n a k n a l a j n e m , I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k i r a d n a g n u k u d n a g n e d i l a n e g n e m a d n a l e B . 7 4 9 1 t e r a M n a l u b i d i t a jr a g g n i L n a ij n a jr e P i n a g n a t a d n a n e m n a d a d n a l e B k u t n u u j u t e s n a d a rt a m u S n a d a r u d a M , a w a J s a t a a i s e n o d n I n a a s a u k e k l a m r o f a r a c e s i a g a b e s i n i n a k a n u g g n e m a y n a h a d n a l e B , a y n n a a t a y n e k i p a t e T . a k e r e m a r a t n e t n a k r u d n u g n e m h a u b e s k u t n u i ri d n a k p a i s r e p m e m n a d t a u k r e p m e m n a d s a p a n l i b m a g n e m k u t n u n a t a p m e s e k . 7 4 9 1 s u t s u g A n a d i l u J n a l u b i d i g n i d n a tr e t k a t a y n n a l a t u r b e k g n a y n a g n a r e s a m a l e S waktui n,ir atusan irbuburuhdanpetan imenjad ianggotaataumendukungPK Ikarena g n a d n a m e m a k e r e m a n e r a k n a d s i u jr u b n i p m i m e p a r a p p a d a h r e t n a a y a c r e p e k n a g n a li h e k a k e r e m n a u j a m e k h e l o i m a h li r e t a g u j a k e r e M . r e n o i s u l o v e r i a tr a p i a g a b e s I K P -kemajuanPa traiKomuni s i a K g n a i h C n a w a l e m a y n g n a r e p m a l a d g n u T e s T o a M a n i C -Shek .Dalamperangmelawan n a n u g n a b n a d h a n a t i k u d u d n e m i n a t e p n a d h u r u b , a d n a l e B -bangunanberulang-ulangdans e irkat -. k u t n e b i d a s s a m h u r u b t a k ir e s t n ir e m e p , i n i n a g n a b m e k r e p i g n a l u g g n a n e m k u t n U ahanRepubilkSukarno ,yangdipimpinoleh , ) a i s a h a r I K P a t o g g n a g n a r o e s a g u j( i r e t n e M a n a d r e P h i s a m u ti t a a s g n a y n i d d u fi r a y S r i m A i n a g n a t a d n a ti d a n e r a k u ti l i g g n a p i d ( 8 4 9 1 i r a u n a J n a l u b i d e ll i v n e R n a ij n a jr e P i n a g n a t a d n a n e m ij n a jr e P . ) e ll i v n e R S S U s a t a i d ani n imember iBelandakekuasaanatass eparuhpab irk-pab irk n a n u b e k r e p t n e c r e p 5 9 , i p o k n a n u b e k r e p t n e c r e p 5 6 , a i s e n o d n I t e r a k i r a d t n e c r e p 5 7 , a w a J i d a l u g i n i S A h e l o i s i s o p m ii d g n a y n a i a s e l e y n e p , a l u p n a h a b m a T . a rt a m u S i d i m u b k a y n i m n a d h e t n a k t u b e y n e m penairkanmundu rpasukan-pasukangerliyadar idaerah-daerahyangdikuasa i

ti n u " n a r a b u b m e p k u t n u i s i d n o k n a k a t p i c n e m n a d a d n a l e B -un tir akya tbersenjata "yangdipimpin n i p m i p i d g n a y " a i s e n o d n I l a n o i s a N a t a j n e s r e B n a t a k g n A " n a k u t n e b m e p k u t n u n a d , I K P h e l o l oehSukarnodanj endral-jendralnya. i s k a 8 4 9 1 n u h a t i D -aks ipemogokanmenentangpeme irntahRepubilk ,yangs ekarangdipimpin p a y a s n e d i s e r P l i k a W h e l o -kananHattas ebaga iPerdanaMente ir ,danmenuntuts ebuah i s k A . n e m e lr a p r e b n a h a t n ir e m e p -aksii n idipadamkanolehSukarnoyangmengimbauuntuk ." l a n o i s a n n a u t a s e k " n a a t p i c n e p i n U i r a d i l a b m e k , n a k g n i s a i d a y n m u l e b e s g n a y o s s u M I K P n i p m i m e p , a m a s g n a y t a a s a d a P -n i p m i m e p a p a r e b e b n a d t e y v o S -pemimpinpenitngPa tra iSosiailsI ndonesiadanPatra iBuruh a y n e m a i s e n o d n I takanbahwamerekaadalahanggota-anggotar ahasiaPKIs elamabe trahun -g n a y i r a d r a s e b h i b e l h u a j g n a y I K P k u t n u n a g n u k u d s i s a b n a k k u j n u n e m i n i n a a t a y n r e P . n u h a t n a t a u k e k h e l o n a k a ri k r e p i d a y n m u l e b e s -kekuatani mpe irail .s n i p m i m e p 8 4 9 1 i l u J n a l u b i D -pemimpinbu jrui ,st ermasukSukarnodanHattamengadakan li k a w n a g n e d a i s a h a r n a u m e tr e p -waki lASd iSarangand imanaASmenuntu,ts ebaga ibayaran a t o g g n a n a u r u b m e p n a a d a g n e p , h a t n ir e m e p e k n a u t n a b -anggotaPK Idalamangkatanbersenjata i a w a g e p n a d -pegawa ipeme irntah .Hatta ,yangj ugamasihMenter iPe trahanan ,diber i$10j uta " h a r e m n a u r u b m e p " n a k u k a l e m k u t n u n u i d a M a w it s ir e P , I K P n a k r u c n a h g n e m k u t n u n a a b o c r e p h a u b e s m a l a d , u ti h a l e t e s n a l u b a u D a t o g g n a , a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a a ri w r e p a p a r e b e B . a w a J i d n a k u k a li d -anggotaPKI ,dibunuhdan a n a c n e r g n a t n e n e m a k e r e m h a l e t e s , g n a li h g n e m a y n n i a l g n a y -rencanauntukmembubarkan n a u t a s e k -kesatuangerliyaangkatanbersenjatayangberadad iga ir sdepanperangmelawan . a d n a l e B n a h u n u b m e P -pembunuhani n imenimbulkanpemberontakand iMadiunyangdtiekans ecara a t o g g n a n a u b i R . t a r u r a d m u k u h n a k a t a y n e m a tt a H i r e t n e M a n a d r e P . o n r a k u S m ij e r h e l o h a r a d r e b g n a y g n it n e p n i p m i m e p 1 1 n a d o s s u M I K P n i p m i m e p n a d a r a j n e p i d 0 0 0 , 6 3 , h u n u b i d I K P .i t a m m u k u h i d a y n n i a l l u s n o K -Jendra lASLivergoodmenelegramatasannyad iASmengatakanbahwadiat elah k u t n u n a t a p m e s e k k il b u p e R n a h a t n ir e m e p n a k ir e b m e m i n i s i s ir k " a w h a b a tt a H u h a ti r e b m e m " . e m s i n u m o k n a k e n e m k u t n u a y n d a k e t n a k k u j n u n e m it n a m o r g o p a n e r a k a y n it a h n a k r a s e b r e T -komuni stiu ,Belandamenjalankans eranganmlitie r a d n a l e B a s k a m e m s a u l e m g n a y n a n a w a lr e p i p a t e T . o n r a k u S p a k g n a n e m , 8 4 9 1 r e b m e s e D i d u r a b . n a l u b m a n e u t k a w m a l a d h a r e y n e m k u t n u n a k n a b e b m e m g a a H n e D i d 9 4 9 1 n u h a t r a d n u B a j e M i s n e r e p n o k , u ti g e b n u p i k s e M n a t a n a i h k g n e p -pengkhianatanbaruatasr akyatI ndonesia ,meilbatkankonsesi-konses iyangl ebih . a i s e n o d n I s i u jr u b s a l e k i r a d r a s e b g n a t u h h il a l i b m a g n e m k u t n u u j u t e s o n r a k u S h a t n ir e m e P -hutangkolon idanmenjamin n o d n I k il b u p e R n a d t a r a B n a ir I t a p a d n e m a d n a l e B . a d n a l e B k il i m l a d o m k u t n u n a g n u d n il r e p esia

s d n a lr e h t e N m a l a d a d n a l e B s il a ir e p m i n a g n e d a m a s a jr e k e b s u r a h p a t e t -IndonesianUnion . m u k u h n a k n a h a tr e p m e m p a t e t o n r a k u S h a t n ir e m e P -hukumkolonial .Angkatanbersenjatabaru a r a t n e t n a k g n u b a g g n e m n a g n e d n a k ir i d i d -tentaraBelandayangberasa lda irI ndonesiakedalam m u k u h n a d s u t a r a p a n i a l a t a k m a l a D . " l a n o i s a N a t a j n e s r e B n a t a k g n A " -hukumkoloniall ama g n il a k il a b i d n a k n a h a tr e p i d -ailngpeme irntahanpa lremendir epubilkyangbaru. u ti l a n o i s a n n a s a b e b m e p n a g n a u jr e p n a t a n a i h k g n e p g n u k u d n e m I K P n a n i p m i m e p e K dan n a g n a u jr e p m a l a d e k i n a t e p n a d h u r u b s a l e k i s a t a b m e m k u t n u a h a s u r e b -pejruanganyangdama i a k it e k a u d e K a i n u D g n a r e P a m a l e s I K P i s i s o p i r a d n a s u r e t h a l a d a i n I ." s it a r k o m e d " n a d n u n il a t S n a h a r a i t u k i g n e m ) a d n a l e B s i n u m o K i a tr a P n a g n e d ( I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k tukbeke jra a i s e n o d n I " h a u b e s k u t n u n a k u r e y n e m n a d g n a p e J n a w a l e m a d n a l e B s il a ir e p m i n a g n e d a m a s a m a l e s n u p i k s e m I K P k it il o p i d a j n e m p a t e t i n I ." a d n a l e B n a r u m k a m e s r e P m a l a d a k e d r e m . a d n a l e B n a w a l e m a u d e K a i n u D g n a r e P h a l e t e s n a g n a u jr e p s e n o d n I t a y k a r k u t n U ia ,kepalsuan"kemerdekaan "d ibawahdominasii mpe irailsmeBelanda , li s a H . s a l e j i d a j n e m n i k a m g n u s g n a lr e b g n a y a i n u d n a d a k ir e m A -hasi lalam,i ndust ir-indusrt i n a n u b e k r e p , g n it n e p -perkebunandankekuatankeuangant etapdipegangolehperusahaan -a n a a h a s u r e p sing. u l a l t n e c r e p 0 7 , a y n h o t n o C -ilntasl au tanta rkepulauanmasihdipegangolehperusahaanBelanda 0 7 g n a g e m e m , ji p p a h c s t a a M l e d n a H e h c d n a lr e d e N , r a s e b r e t a d n a l e B k n a b u t a s h a l a s n a d M P K . a i s e n o d n I n a g n a u e k i s k a s n a rt a u m e s ir a d t n e c r e p i d a d n a l e B l a d o m , n a 0 5 9 1 n u h a t n a h a g n e tr e p i d , a i s e n o d n I h a t n ir e m e p n a g n u ti h r e p t u r u n e M a k ij n u p i k s e m a w h a b n a k a t a g n e m o n r a k u S h a t n ir e m e P . r a y li m 1 S U $ r a ti k e s a g r a h r e b a i s e n o d n I k u c i a y n u p m e m k a d it a k e r e m , a d n a l e B n a k il i m e k n a k i s a s il a n o i s a n e m n i g n i a k e r e m upuang a s a u g n e p s a k e b n a i g u r e k n a k it n a g g n e m k u t n u -penguasakolonia ltiu .Danuntuk it n a g a p n a t n a k i s a s il a n o i s a n e m -rug iadalahkomunisme. g n a g e p i d g n a y i s r u k h a l m u j a k it e k 5 5 9 1 m u m u n a h il i m e p i d n i m r e c r e t t a y k a r n a a y a c r e p k a d it e K 9 3 e k 7 1 i r a d t a k g n i n e m I K P . k ir b a p n a a ti y n e p m a l a d s u t e l e m n a k a t a y k a r n a k a r e g r e p n u h a t a u d u t k a w m a l a D -pab irk , n a n u b e k r e p -perkebunan ,bank-bank,t oko-tokodankapal-kapa lmi ilkBelanda ,Ame irkadan .s ir g g n I

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a k a y n a h n a h a tr e b a s i b o n r a k u S s i u jr u b m ij e R renapemimpin-pemimpinStailni sPa tra iKomuni s n a d h u r u b a r a p a w h a b n a k s a g e n e m n a g n e d , u ti a s s a m n a k a r e g r e p t o b a y n e m ) I K P ( a i s e n o d n I n a k u s a p a d a p e k a ti s a k e r e m h a d u s g n a y a u m e s n a k h a r e y n e m s u r a h i n a t e p -pasukanangkatan , o n r a k u S h e l o m ir i k i d g n a y a t a j n e s r e b dengandukunganAS ,untukmengon rtols tiuas itiu. n a d n a s a u l e k g n a t n e t n a r a b m a g i r e b m e m 7 5 9 1 r e b m e s e D 8 l a g g n a t s e m i T k r o Y w e N i d r a b a K a jr e k e p n a k a r e g r e P " : u ti n a k a r e g r e p n a t a u k e k -pekejradiJ akatra,s ejauhktiadapa tmenentukan , r e m e p n ij i a p n a t i d a jr e t intah ,danbe lrawanandengankata-kataPerdanaMenter iDjuanda , t a b a j e p n a d n o it u s a N s ir a H l u d b A l a r d n e J a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a a l a p e K -pejaba tpemeirntahyang g n a r o n a d a m ir e ti d t a p a d k a d it u ti n a k a r e g r e p a w h a b n a k a t a g n e m g n a y , a y n n i a l -orangyang a k a t a b il r e t ndihukumbera.t.. e h t n a d o t p m o c s E e h t , y t e i c o S g n i d a r T s d n a lr e h t e N e h t ,i n i s i d a d n a l e B k il i m k n a b a g it e K " li b m a i d , k n a B l a i c r e m m o C s d n a lr e h t e N -ailholehdelegasi-delegas ipergerakan tiu .Mereka n a w a k n a p e d i d i s a m a l k o r p n a k a c a b m e m -kawans epejruanganyangpenuhs emanga tdan r o t a rt s i n i m d a a r a p n a p e d i d n a i d u m e k -adminisrtato rdar iBelanda ,mengatakanbahwaata snama k n a b s a p m a r e m a k e r e m a i s e n o d n I a jr e k e P i s a i s o s A -banki n idanmulais aa ttiuakanmenjad i " . a i s e n o d n I k il b u p e R k il i m r s k l o V " a d n a l e B r a b a k t a r u S ant "mengabarkandengannadakhawait rpadat angga l11Desembe r a r e d n e b n a k r a b i g n e m s u r e t s i n u m o K a r a p a tr a k a J i D " : 7 5 9 1 -benderamerahd iata sperusahaan i d j i m ll i N s e c n a r u s s A ' D e t e i c o S n a d s p il i h P t a s u p r o t n a k i n i ir a H .. . a d n a l e B k il i m n a a h a s u r e p d i d a tr a k a J uduk iolehorang-orangI ndonesiad ibawahpimpinanperse irkatanburuhKomuni .s" d l a r e H k r o Y w e N " t u r u n e M . a w a J u a l u P i d i d a jr e t a y n a h k a d it i n i n a k a r e g r e P -Tirbune"t angga l a jr e k e P " :r e b m e s e D 6 1 -peke jrad ibawahSOBSI ,perse irkatanburuhs enrta lyangdidominas ioleh o k o t s a p m a r e m , s i n u m o K a r a p -tokor ot iBelandadanbank-bankd iBorneo( Kailmantan .) "Koran a rt a m u S a t o k u b i , g n a b m e l a P i d a w h a b n a k r a b a g n e m a m a s g n a y i r a h a d a p " s e m i T k r o Y w e N " n a k u s a p " , n a t a l e S -pasukankeamananmenahans ejumlahpekejra ,anggotas e irka tburuhyang n a a h a s u r e p a g it a ti y n e m n ij i a p n a t k a d n it r e b a k e r e m a n e r a k , s i n u m o K a r a p h e l o l o rt n o k i d h a m u r n a p e d i d n a k k i a n a k e r e m g n a y h a r e m a r e d n e b h u j u t h u l u p a g i T . a d n a l e B -rumahpegawai -n a a h a s u r e p a d n a l e B i a w a g e p -perusahaant ersebutt elahdistia." S tu -ra sura tkaba rkaptiail syangl ainmengabarkan"stiuas ianark id iBail "danmenuru tpemiilk , a rt a m u S n a t a l e s i a t n a p i d , il e D n a d h e c A i d , ir i d n a k ir a l e m g n a d e s g n a y a d n a l e B n a n u b e k r e p n a a h a s u r e p e k n a k u j u ti d a y n a h n a k u b t a y k a r n a k a r e g r e p -perusahaanBelanda,t etapij ugake n a a h a s u r e p -perusahaanI nggir sdanAme irka .Kabar-kabars erupaj ugadatangdar iSumarta u a l u p n a d i s e w a l u S , a r a t U -pulaul ainnya. r a b a k a g u j a d A -kaba rbahwapergerakan-pergerakani n imenimbulkanpe lrawanand iPapuaNew ) r u m i T n a ir I ( a e n i u G yangdiduduk iolehAusrtaila .D iKarema ,duapuluhorangt e lrukakeitka g n a r o -orangp irbum imelawananggota-anggotapasukankeamanans etelahs eorangj ururawa t . a n i h i d a s a r e m a i d a w h a b n a k a t a g n e m i m u b ir p h r e t i s k a e r i a g a b e s l u b m it a i s e n o d n I i d n a k a t n o r e b m e P adappanggliandar iSukarnountuk n a a h a s u r e p p a d a h r e t m u m u n a k o g o m e p n a k a d a g n e m -perusahaanBelanda .Sebelum tiui aj uga

n a a h a s u r e p n a i s a s il a n o i s a n e p g n a t n e t a r a c i b r e b -perusahaanmiilkBelandapadas ebuahpidato n a k a n u g g n e m k u t n u h a l a d a o n r a k u S n a u j u T . m u m u ancamanpenasionailsasians ebaga icara h a l e t e s a d n a l e B h a w a b i d p a t e t g n a y , t a r a B n a ir I n a k l a g g n i n e m k u t n u a d n a l e B n a k e n e m k u t n u li b m a g n e m t a p a d a i s e n o d n I a y a p u s , 9 4 9 1 n u h a t i d r a d n u B a j e M i s n e r e p n o K -ailhnya. n a h a k a r e s e k n a k g n a b m i g n e m k u t n u a y n a h a s u m a l a D impe irailsmeBelanda ,Ame irkadan n a g n e d r e ti li m n a t a u k e k a y n g n a b m e k r e b n a d s a d n it r e t g n a y a s s a m n a s a u p k a d it e k ; s ir g g n I a k ir e m A n a g n u k u d - yangmakinl amamakinmenjad iandalanr eijmnya ,Sukarnoberusaha ir e p m i n a k e n e m k u t n u t a y k a r ir a d n a n a k e t n a k a n u g g n e m ailsmeBelanda. n a a h a s u r e p i k u d u d n e m n a d s a p m a r e m i a l u m h u r u b a r a P -perusahaanBelandat anpas uruhan . a t o g g n a i r e b m e m g n u s g n a l a I .i n i it r e p e s n a p a g g n a t n a k p a r a h g n e m k a d it i l a k e s a m a s o n r a k u S -li b m a g n e m k u t n u n ij i a y n r e ti li m a t o g g n a -ailhperusahaan-perusahaan tiudar iparaburuh. u a b m i g n e m k u t n u i s u l o s e r n a k r a u l e g n e m n a g n e d o n r a k u S u t n a b m e m s a g e g r e b I K P k it il o P o ri B a r a c g n a t n e t t a p a d n e p n a a d e b r e p n a g n i d n u r e p n a g n e d a y n t a p e c e s n a k h a c e m e m k u t n u t a y k a r -cara i k i m e d n a g n e d , a d n a l e B e m s il a ir e p m i n a w a l e m n a g n a u jr e p anpersatuanr akyat ,antarar akyat , " .t a u k r e p i d t a p a d a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a n a d h a t n ir e m e p n a a h a s u r e p n a k n a l a j n e m a y n a h n a g n a j " a jr e k e p a r a p u a b m i g n e m I K P , u ti n a g n e d n a a m a s r e B -k i a b h i b e l n a d n il p s i d h i b e l a jr e k e b a k e r e m t a u b i p a t e t ,i k u d u d i d g n a y n a a h a s u r e p dalam .i s k u d o r p n a k t a k g n i n e m n a a h a s u r e p k u t n u s it o ir t a p n a d u p m a m g n a y n a s u t u p e k l i b m a g n e m s u r a h h a t n ir e m e P " -n a t a u k e k h u r u l e s n a g n e d i n i n a s u t u p e k g n a j n u n e m s u r a h a jr e k e p a r a p n a d , i n i n a a h a s u r e p " . a k e r e m li b m a g n e p a w h a b n a k s a g e n e m I K P , a l u p n a h a b m a T - hail an tiuhanyabe lrakut erhadap n a a h a s u r e p -perusahaanBelanda ,mencobamenenrtamkanhaiti mpe irailsmeASdanI ngg ir s n a k a r e g r e p a u m e S " : u g g n a g r e t n a k a k a d it a k e r e m n a g n it n e p e k a w h a b n a k a t a g n e m n a g n e d -i s a s i n a g r o n a d i n a t e p , h u r u b n a k a r e g r e p -organisas ipemudadtiujukankekaptiails-kaptiail s a r a g e N . a d n a l e B -negarakaptiail syangl ainnya itdakbersikapbermusuhandalamperangantara s il a ti p a k n a a h a s u r e p p a d a h r e t i s k a a d a k a d it , u ti a n e r a K . t a r a B n a ir I i d a i s e n o d n I n a d a d n a l e B -" . n i a l a r a g e n i r a d s il a ti p a k l a n e g n e M iusaha-usahaPK Iuntukmematahkanpergerakanmassa ,TillmanDurdinmenuil sd i a t o g g n A " :r e b m e s e D 6 1 l a g g n a t " s e m i T k r o Y w e N " -anggotaBadanPenaseha tNaitona lyang n a a ti y n e p s a g e t n a g n e d g n a t n e n e m h a l e t i u h a t e k i d s i n u m o K i s a t n e ir o r e b -penytiaanyang a k u k a li d nolehparapeke jradanmengatakanbahwapergerakan-pergerakan tiuadalah a'narko -n a k g n u s g n a li d g n a y n a a ti y n e p m a r g o r p a l e b m e m s i n u m o K a r a P . n il p i s i d r e b k a t 'e m s il a k i d n i s .i n i g n a r a k e s it r e p e s h a t n ir e m e p h e l o p a i s r e b h a l e t ir i d n e s o n r a k u S -siapmeninggalkannegarauntuks ebuah"ilburan "diI ndia,t etap i n a a h a s u r e p n a h a r e y n e p -perusahaanBelandakepadapihakm litie rd ibawahi nsrtuks iPKIt elah a y n a h k a d it I K P m a l a d s i n il a t S n i p m i m e p a r a P . o n r a k u S s i u jr u b m ij e r n a k t a m a l e y n e m m , o n r a k u S h a t n ir e m e p n a k t a m a l e y n e m erekamenimbulkankondis iyangmengiijnkanj endral

-a rt n o k n a k p a i s r e p m e m k u t n u S A i d a k e r e m g n o k o y n e p n a d r e ti li m l a r d n e j -revolus iberdarah . u ti h a l e t e s n u h a t n a p a l e d a k e r e m g n e m g n a y _ " p a h a t a u d i s u l o v e r " s i n il a t S i r o e t h a l a d a I K P n i p m i m e p a r a p f it k e p s r e P atakan g n a y a p a p a h a t i u l a l e m a m a tr e p s u r a h a i s e n o d n I i d e m s il a i s o s k u t n u n a g n a u jr e p a w h a b h a k g n a l n a k u k a lr e p m e m k u t n u a s s a m i s u l o v e r n a g n a u jr e P . " s it a r k o m e d " e m s il a ti p a k n a k a m a n i d -p " h a u b e s e k n a k h a w a b e k i d a y n n a g n it n e p e k n a d n a k e ti d s u r a h s il a i s o s h a k g n a l ersatuan "dengan .l a n o i s a n s i u jr u b s a l e k i s a r k o ri b , i n i r e n o i s k a e r fi t k e p s r e p n a g n e d n a l a j e S -briokras iStailni sd iUni-Sovye tdanCina u l e g n e m -elukanSukarnodanr eijmnyad idalampe irodi ni .Sebaga icontoh ,Kruschev i a w h a b a t a k r e b n a d a tr a k a J i g n u j n u g n e m aakanmember iSukarnos emuabantuandalam"segala a t a j n e s r a s e b n a i g a b e s , a y n n a a t a y n e K . " n a n i k g n u m e k -senjatayangdigunakandalam . n il m e r K h e l o n a k a i d e s i d h a l a d a 5 6 9 1 a t e d u k m a l a d a s s a m n a h u n u b m e p r e ti li M n a p a i s r e P n a a l u m r e P n a p a i s r e p i a l u m e m h a d u s , a k ir e m A n a g n o k o s n a g n e d , a i s e n o d n I a r a t n e t 6 5 9 1 n u h a t i D -persiapan r e ti li m n a d n a m o K s u t s u g A n a l u b i D . t a y k a r n a k a r e g r e p n a k e n e m k u t n u r e ti li m r u t a t k i d k u t n u b A n a l s e o R i r e g e N r a u L i r e t n e M n a p a k g n a n e p n a k h a t n ir e m e m t a r a B a w a J h a r e a d dulgan iata s n a h u d u t -tuduhankorupsi .D ibulanNovember ,Waki lKepalaangkatanbersenjataKolone l n a k g n il u g g n e m n a d a tr a k a J i a s a u g n e m k u t n u n a l a g a g e k n a g n e d a b o c n e m , s i b u L i lf i k l u Z rt a m u S h a r e a d i d r e ti li m a t e d u k a d a , a y n t u k ir e b n a l u B . o n r a k u S n a h a t n ir e m e p aTengahdan . a r a t U n a d t a y k a r p a d a h r e t a y n n a k u d u d e k t a u k r e p m e m o n r a k u S 6 5 9 1 r e b o t k O n a l u b a d a P i a tr a p u a b m i g n e m n a g n e d a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a n a k g n a n e n e m -patra ipoilitkuntukmembubarkan D n a k ir i d n e m k u t n u a h a s u n a g n e d s a u lr e p i d u ti h a l e t e s i n i n a u a b m I .i ri d ewanNasiona lyang h a r e a d a l a p e k a r a p a n a m a li B . a r a g e n r u t a g n e m k u t n u , I K P k u s a m r e t ,i a tr a p a u m e s p u k a c n e m li b m a g n e m n a d , i n i a n a c n e r k a l o n e m r e ti li m -ailhkekuasaanprovinsi-provins imereka ,Sukarno n o n " t e n i b a k , a y n ri h k A . t a r u r a d n a a d a e k n a k m u m u g n e m -pa trai "yangbarudibentuk,t ermasuk .I K P t u k i g n e p a u d a k ir e m A e m s il a ir e p m i i s a r e p o , u ti 7 5 9 1 r e b m e s e D i d a s s a m n a k a r e g r e p p a d a h r e t i s k a e r i a g a b e S 0 4 9 1 n u h a t k a j e s fi t k a h a d u s A I C . n a k t a k g n it i d a r e g e s -an ,mengeluarkanj utaandolla runtuk n e m e l e i d i s b u y n e m -elemenpro-Ame irkad idalamkela sbu jrui snasiona,lt erutamaPa tra i , r a s e b h i b e l g n a y a y n m a l s i u t u k e s n a d , a tt a H a g e l o k , o ri m u S n i p m i p i d g n a y a i s e n o d n I s il a i s o S a g u j a tt a H a p a i s n a g n e d , a r a g e n a ri w a r P n i d d u fi r a y S h e l o n i p m i p i d g n a y i m u y s a M i a tr a P n u b u h i a y n u p m e m gandeka.t p a y a s n a d s i n o i s e s e s e s n a k a t n o r e b m e p n a i a k g n a r e s 8 5 9 1 n a d 7 5 9 1 n u h a t g n a j n a p e S -kananyang I S P a n a m i d , i m u b k a y n i m a y a k g n a y i s e w a l u S n a d a rt a m u S u a l u p i d s u t e l e m A I C h e l o u t n a b i d . n a n i m o d h u r a g n e p i a y n u p m e m i m u y s a M n a d

e b m e p h a l a d a a m a tr e p g n a Y rontakanmlitie rPermestayangmula id ibulanMare t1957dan h e l o g n u k u d i d g n a y a t e d u k n a a b o c r e p n a g n e d r i h k a r e b g n a y , 8 5 9 1 n u h a t e k i a p m a s g n u s g n a lr e b . 8 5 9 1 y r a u r b e F n a l u b i d A I C e p , r a s e b p u k u c g n a y n a g n a u e k n a g n u k u d n a k ir e b m e m t a k ir e S a k ir e m A h a t n ir e m e P nasehat -t a w a s e p i r a d i ri d r e t g n a y l i c e k a r a d u n a t a k g n a n a d a t a j n e s ,r e ti li m t a h e s a n e p -pesawa tpembom B-26 ,dipliot idar ibasis-basi sd iTaiwandanFiilpina .Menter iLua rNeger iASbahkan k a t n o r e b m e p k u t n u a k u b r e t a r a c e s n a g n u k u d n a k ir e b m e m -pemberontaks ayap-kanani ni .Kapa l a k ir e m A a y n n a t a h il e k u ti u t k a w e s n a d r o p a g n i S e k m ir i k i d a k ir e m A h u j u t e k a d a m r a i r a d k u d n i r u p m a c l a k a b -tangans ecaral angsungd iSumartadenganalasanmeilndung ipegawai-pegawa i n a k il i m e p n a d -pemi ilkanCatlexOi.l e n o d n I r e ti li m o d n a m o K siaakhrinyamemutuskanbahwapemberontakan tiu ,gaga lmendapatkan .t a m a l e s o n r a k u S n a h a t n ir e m e P . n a k it n e h i d s u r a h , a s s a m n a g n u k u d n a k g n a u n e m S A , a y n t u k ir e b n u h a t m a n e a m a l e S . t a u k h i b e l i d a j n e m a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a , i p a t e T s a d n o f n a k k a t e l e m , u ti k u t n u g n a u iyangmengiijnkanSuha trountukmula imenempuhj alanke li b m a g n e m k u t n u r e ti li m i s a r e p o n i p m i m e m h a l e t e s n a a a s a u k e k -ailhI iranJ ayadit ahun1962. a p u r m a l a d r a ll o d a t u j 4 6 n a k ir e b m e m t a k ir e S a k ir e m A 5 6 9 1 n u h a t n a d 9 5 9 1 n u h a t a r a t n A k u t n u r e ti li m n a u t n a b jendral-jendra lmlitierI ndonesia .Menurutl aporand iSuaraPemuda n a t a k g n a n o il a t a b 3 4 i p a k g n e l e m h a l e t t a k ir e S a k ir e m A , 0 6 9 1 n u h a t ri h k a m u l e b e S " : a i s e n o d n I a ri w r e p h it a l e m S A n u h a t p a i T . a t a j n e s r e b -perwriam litiers ayap-kanan .D iantarat ahun1956 9 1 n a d 59,l ebihdar i200perwria itngkatan itnggit elahdliaithd iAS ,danr atusanperwria i d l a n o i s a n r e t n I n a n u g n a b m e P k u t n u n a d a B a l a p e K . n u h a t p a it e s h it a lr e t h a d n e r n a t a k g n a g n u k u d n e m k u t n u n a k u b , a j a s u t n e t , S A n a u t n a b a w h a b n a k a t a g n e m i l a k e s h a n r e p a k ir e m A a ri w r e p r a s e b h a l m u j e s h it a l e m h a l e t S A a w h a b n a d o n r a k u S -perwriaangkatanbersenjatadan a r a g e n " h a u b e s a i s e n o d n I t a u b m e m k u t n u r e ti li m n a u t a s e k k u t n e b m e m u a m g n a y l i p i s g n a r o ." s a b e b " n i p m i p r e T i s a r k o m e D " m e t s i s n a k n a l a j n e m o n r a k u S , a m a s g n a y u t k a w a d a P -nya .Padabulan n e d i s e r p t ir k e d h a w a b i d i s u ti t s n o k n a k p a t e n e m o n r a k u S n a d n a k r a b u b i d n e m e lr a p 9 5 9 1 i l u J - n a g n e d a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a n a g n a t t a u k r e p m e m a I .I K P i r a d h u n e p n a g n u k u d n a g n e d i g a l il a k e s i s i s o p e k r e ti li m l a r d n e j a r a p t a k g n a g n e m -posis iyangpenitng. a i d a w h a b n a p a g g n a n a d t a g n a h n a g n e d o n r a k u S " n i p m i p r e T i s a r k o m e D " t u b m a y n e m I K P n a d m a l s I , e m s il a n o i s a n a r a t n a u ti a y i s p e s n o K n a u t u k e s r e p k u t n u t a d n a m i a y n u p m e m . M O K A S A N n a k a m a n i d g n a y e m s i n u m o k S n a g n e d a m a s r e b a k e r e m l a n o i s a n t n o r f r a j e g n e m m a l a D ukarnodankela sbu jrui snasional ,para i s u li n a k l u b m i n e m I K P n i p m i m e p -lius iyangs anga tberbahayat entangangkatanbersenjata. i d i n a t e p n a d a jr e k e p a r a p a d a p e k i d a jr e t u ti h a r a d r e b n a h a l a k e k m u l e b e s n u h a t a m il a y n a H l o p n a h a r a , a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a n a g n a t iit sPK IdinyatakanolehkepemimpinanSOBS ,If ederas i l a n o i s a n r e t n I h u r u B i r a H i d n a a t a y n r e p h a u b e s m a l a d , I K P h e l o n i p m i p i d g n a y a jr e k e p t a k ir e s : 0 6 9 1 i e M n a l u b

i s u l o v e r ir a d k a n a n a k a p u r e m h i s a m k il b u p e R a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a a w h a b n a k k a g e n e m I S B O S " t a y k a r ...dandengan tiudar iparaperwrias ampa ikebawahanmerekadanket entara -i s k a n a g n e d t a b il r e t n a k a k a d it a k e r e m .. . a r a t n e t -aks iyangmengkhianat iRepubilk .Selain tiu , n i p m i m e p s a t a r a s e b h u r a g n e p i a y n u p m e m , t a y k a r k a h i m e m g n a y , o n r a k u S n e d i s e r p -pemimpin " .r e ti li m r o t a t k i d i d a j n e m k a d n e h e k r e b k a d it a i n a d a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a u r a B n a k a r e g r e P i r a d h u n e p n a g n u k u d t a p a d n e m a i s e n o d n I h e l o t a r a B n a ir I r e ti li m n a t u b e r e p , 2 6 9 1 n u h a t i D a J n a ir I k u d u d n e p n a n a w a lr e p n a n a k e n e p g n u k u d n e m a g u j a k e r e m , I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k ya . u ti n a k u d u d n e p p a d a h r e t h e l o n a k t a b i k a i d g n a y , r a s a d n e m g n a y s a l e k n a d i m o n o k e n a g n a g e t e k , ir i d n e s a i s e n o d n I i D n a a h a s u r e p h e l o t a y k a r n a s a r e m e p a y n t u j n a lr e b -perusahaani mpe irail sdankela sbu jrui snasional , .i l a b m e k l u c n u m y , " n i p m i p r e T i s a r k o m e D " a r E atiukolaboras iantarakepemimpinanPK Idankaumbujrui s n a k a r e g r e p n a k e n e m m a l a d l a n o i s a n -pergerakani ndependenkaumburuhdanpetani ,gaga l h a l a s a m n a k h a c e m e m -masalahpoilit sdanekonom iyangmendesak .Pendapatanekspo r , n u r u n e m s e v r e s e r n g i e r o f , n u r u n e m in lfasit eru smenaikdankorups ibriokra tdanmlitie r . h a b a w i d a j n e m n a k o rt n e b i r a d n i h g n e m a h a s u r e b n i k a m a m a l n i k a m I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k , s u r e t 3 6 9 1 n u h a t ir a D -n i p m i m e P . r e ti li m n a d i s il o p n a d a y n a s s a m s i v it k a a r a t n a n a k o rt n e b -pemimpinPK I e p e k " n a k g n it n e m e m nitnganbersama "poils idan"rakyat" .PemimpinPK IDNAidi tmengliham i ." i s il o P u t n a B m u m U n a m a rt n e t e K k u t n U " n a g o l s " w e i v e R c i m o n o c E n r e t s a E r a F " i r a d i l A M S n a g n e d w e i v r e t n i m a l a d , 4 6 9 1 l ir p A n a l u b a d a P s r e p l a n o i s a n s i u jr u b m u a k k u t n u n a k p a t e n e m t i d i A pekit fStailni suntukperubahanyangdama i r u s g n a r e b n a d -angsu rkearahs osiailsmeyangt erdri idar i"duat ahap "diI ndonesia. , g n a r a k e s g n u s g n a lr e b g n a d e s g n a y , a ti k i s u l o v e r ir a d a m a tr e p p a h a t i a p a c n e m h a d u s a ti k a li B " s a tl u s n o k n a k a d a g n e m a s i b n a k a a ti k iyangdama idenganelemen-elemenprogresfil aind i i s u l o v e r e k a ti k a r a g e n a w a b m e m n a k a a ti k a t a j n e s r e b n a g n a u jr e p a p n a t n a d a ti k t a k a r a y s a m " .s il a i s o s m u a k i h u r a g n e p m e m i s g n u f m a l a d s a t a b r e t n a k a t a y k a r a n a m i d o ir a n e s h a u b e s n a k ir e b m e m a i D o i s a n s i u jr u b na:l"Pengaruhda irt ahaps ekarangda irr evolusii n iakanmenetapkanpengaruh s il a ti p a k s a t a r e n o i s u l o v e r -kaptiail snasionalI ndonesia. . s il a ti p a k a r a p k a h i m e m g n i s a i s n e v r e t n i a d a a li b i l a u c e k a t a j n e s r e b n a g n a u jr e p a d a n a k a k a d i T " e m l i s a h r e b a ti k a li b n a D nyelesaikant ahapi n idalamr evolus idemokraitknasiona lktia , r u p m a c r e b g n i s a n a t a u k e k u t a s n a n i k g n u m e k -tangandalamurusannasionalI ndonesiaakan " .l i c e k t a g n a s i d a j n e m

" i r a d i ri d n a k h i s r e b m e m I K P a t o g g n a a u m e s n a k r u j n a g n e m t i d i A , 4 6 9 1 s u t s u g A n a l u b i D sikap -p a y a s n a m i n e s n a d g n a r a g n e p a u m e s u a b m i g n e m , a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a a d a p e k " n a ir a t k e s p a k i s -a y r a k k e y b u s " a r a t n e t a s s a m " t a u b m e m k u t n u i ri k -karyamereka. n a u t a r a p i r a d h a n a t s a p m a r e m k a r e g r e b i n a t e p u b ir n a s u t a r 5 6 9 1 n a a l u m r e p n a d 4 6 9 1 r i h k a i D b h a n a t esar .Benrtokan-benrtokanbesart e jrad iantaramerekadanpo ils idanparapemiilkt anah . a u m e s u a b m i g n e m I K P , u ti r e n o i s u l o v e r i s a t n o r f n o k a y n g n a b m e k r e b h a g e c n e m k u t n U k il i m e p a r a p p a d a h r e t n a s a r e k e k n a k a n u g g n e m n a g n a t n e tr e p h a g e c n e m k u t n u a y n g n u k u d n e p n a t ahdanuntukmeningkatkanke jrasamadenganunsur-unsurl ain,t ermasukangkatan . a t a j n e s r e b a r a p n a k a r e g r e p n a s a d n i n e p g n o r o d n e m t i d i A I K P l a rt n e S e ti m o K n a u m e tr e p h a u b e s m a l a D r a b e y n e m k u t n u t a g n a m e s h e l o a w a b r e t " g n a y i a tr a p r e d a k a l e c n e m n a d u ti i n a t e p -luaskan k a d it , l a u d i v i d n i e m s i o r e h n a k a d n it n a k u k a l e m n a d r a b a s k a d it i d a j n e m n a d i n a t e p n a k a r e g r e p g n a y n a i d a j e k u t a u s n a k n i g n i g n e m n a d i n a t e p a r a p n a r a d a s e k n a k g n a b m e g n e m k u t n u r i k i p r e b it a h r e b k a d it , u t n e tr e t -hat idalammemisahkandanmemiilht arget- gtar e tmereka." e k n a il a b m e g n e p n a d h a n a t n a s a p m a r e p n a it n e h r e b m e p n a k l a l a h g n e m I K P n i p m i m e p a r a P k il i m e p -pemiilknyadenganmenunjukkepada"kemungkinanyangakandatanguntuk ." M O K A S A N t e n i b a k " n a k u t n e b m e p p a ti y n e m i a l u m h u r u b a r a p , 5 6 9 1 n a a l u m r e p a d a P erusahaan-perusahaankare tdanminyakmiilk a d a P . i m s e r n a g n e d n a h a t n ir e m e p i k u s a m e m n a g n e d i n i b a w a j n e m I K P n a n i p m i m e p e K . S A l a r d n e j , a m a s g n a y u t k a w -jendra lm litie ritngka titnggij ugamenjad ianggotakabine.t ir e t n e M -menter iPK Iitdakhanyadudukdis ebelahparat ukangj aga lmlitie rd idalamkabine t n a t a k g n a a w h a b a y a h a b r e b t a g n a s g n a y i s u li g n o r o d n e m s u r e t a k e r e m i p a t e t ,i n i o n r a k u S ." t a y k a r " s it a r k o m e d i s u l o v e r ir a d n a i g a b n a k a p u r e m h a l a d a a t a j n e s r e b a w s i s a d a p e k h a m a r e c n a k ir e b m e m t i d i A -siswas ekolahangkatanbersenjatad imanai aberbicara a r a t n e t a r a t n a i r a h p a it e s t a u k h a b m a tr e b g n a y n a u t a s r e p n a d n a a m a s r e b e k n a a s a r e p " g n a t n e t r u s n u n a d a i s e n o d n I k il b u p e R -unsu rmasyarakatI ndonesia,t ermasukparakomunis ." e m I K P m a l a d s i n il a t S a r a p , i n i a r a c n a g n e D lucut iparapeke jradalamPK Iyangpailngs ada r g n a r o n a d a b " i a g a b e s a r a g e n g n a t n e t s i x r a M r a s a d n a it r e g n e P . a y n s a l e k n a k a -orangbersenjata " a r a c e s l a k g n a s i d h a l e t a y n n a a s a u k e k a g a j n e m k u t n u a s a u g n e p s a l e k h e l o n a k a n u g i d g n a y .l a n i m ir k p e c e s a h a s u r e b t i d i A atnyauntukmenenangkankaumbu jrui sdanpemimpin-pemimpinangkatan a i s e n o d n I i d g n it n e p g n a y l a H " . a s s a m r e n o i s u l o v e r i s a s il i b o m g n a t n e n e m I K P a w h a b a t a j n e s r e b ir e g e n i d a y n l a h i tr e p e s a r a g e n n a t a u k e k n a k h u t n u r e m h a l n a k u b g n a r a k e s -nege irl ain,t etap i p m e m erkua tdanmendalamkanaspekpro-rakya.t..danmenyingkrikanaspekanit-rakyat ." i s k a g n a r a l e m n a g n e d a jr e k e p a r a p p a d a h r e t h a k g n a l li b m a g n e m o n r a k u S m ij e R -aks imogokd i li m h a l a d a a k e r e m t u r u n e m i rt s u d n i a n e r a k n a t a r e b e k r e b k a d it I K P n a n i p m i m e p e K . ir t s u d n i ik . M O K A S A N n a h a t n ir e m e p

n a p a i s r e p s a l e j n a g n e d i u h a t e g n e m , I K P , i d a jr e t a t e d u k m u l e b e s a m a l k a d i T -persiapanuntuk n a t a k g n a m a l a d i d " a m il e k n a t a k g n a " n a ir i d n e p k u t n u n a u lr e p e k n a k a t a y n e m , r e ti li m m ij e r g n a y i n a t e p n a d a jr e k e p i r a d i ri d r e t g n a y , a t a j n e s r e b bersenjata .Bukannyamempe jruangkan g n a b m e k r e b g n a d e s g n a y r e ti li m n a m a c n a n a w a l e m k u t n u i ri d n e s ir i d r e b g n a y a s s a m i s a s il i b o m n i k a m g n a y a s s a m n a k a r e g r e p i s a t a b m e m k u t n u a h a s u r e b h a l a m I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k , u ti s a t a b m a l a d i n i m a l a d n e m -bata shukumkaptiail snegara. l a r d n e j n a p e d i d h a b m e y n e m n a k h a b a k e r e M -jendra lmlitier ,berusahamenenangkanmereka l a rt n e S e ti m o K e k n a r o p a l m a l a d n a k a t a y n e m t i d i A . a r a g e n t a u k r e p m e m n a k a I K P l u s u a w h a b n a k a a k e r e m n a d i a p a c i d t a p a d a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a " i s a s i M O K A S A N " a w h a b I K P beke jrasama n a k e n e m a h a s u r e b I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k , ri h k a i a p m a S . " a m il e k n a t a k g n a " n a k a t p i c n e m k u t n u . a i s e n o d n I i d h u r u b m u a k r e n o i s u l o v e r i s a ri p s a n a d r e ti li m s u t a r a p a a w h a b i s u li g n o r o d n e m h i s a m I K P o ri b ti l o P , 5 6 9 1 i e M n a l u b i d n u p i k s e M a b u ri d g n a d e s a r a g e n huntukmemeclikanaspekanit-rakya tdalamalat-ala tnegara: k e p s a i r a d n a t a u k e K " -aspekpro-rakyat( dalamaparatu snegara)s udahbe trambahkua tdan it n a k e p s a n a d , fi s n e f o n a d f it a i s i n i i a y n u p m e m -rakyat ,walaupunmasihcukupkua,ts edang jr e b I K P . k o j o p r e t uangs upayaaspekpro-rakya takanmenjad ibe trambahkua tdanakanberkuasa it n a k e p s a n a d -rakya takandikeluarkandar ikekuasaannegara." i n i s i n il a t S n a t a n a i h k g n e p k u t n u l a h a m r a y a b m e m a i n u d h u r u l e s n a d a i s e n o d n I h u r u b m u a K l a r d n e j n a d o tr a h u S u t k a w -jendra lmlitie rbergerakpadat angga l30Septembe r1965.

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1 l a g g n a t a i s e n o d n I i d a t e d u K -2Oktobe r1965adalahhasi lda irs ebuahoperas iyangs udahl ama it a h a r a c e s n a k a n a c n e ri d -hat iolehCIAdankomandan-komandanmli tie rTN Iyangdliaitholeh . S A n a h i s il e s r e p 5 6 9 1 n u h a t a m a l e S -perseilsihanantarakela smeningkat .Tahun tiumula idengan a jr e k e p n a d r a s e b h a n a t n a u t a r a p n a k il i m e p s a p m a r e m i n a t e p a r a p -peke jrad iperusahaan -k a l e m S A k il i m i m u b k a y n i m n a d t e r a k n a a h a s u r e p ukanaks ipendudukan .PresidenSukarno l a r d n e j n a k k u s a m e m h a l e t -jendra lm litier ,yangdipimpinolehJ endra lNasuiton ,dan .i n i n a k a r e g r e p n a k e n e m k u t n u a y n t e n i b a k m a l a d e k I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k i s k a n a k e n e m l i s a h r e b I K P n a n i p m i m e p e K -aks ipendudukan,t etap ipergerakanmassai n i a y n a r a j n e p i d n a g n e d g n a b m e k r e b a s s a m n a h a r a m e K . n a k il a d n e k i d k u t n u t il u s n i k a m e s i d a j n e m a r a t n e t g n a r o e s il u k u m e m n a h u d u t s a t a , n u h a t 0 2 i a p m a s 5 1 a r a t n a n a m u k u h n a g n e d , i n a t e p 3 2 r e p o p a d a h r e t a k e r e m i ri d n a k n a h a tr e p m e m m a l a d l a t a f i a p m a s as imlitie runtukmenghenitkan i s k a -aks iperampasant anahd iSumarta.

. n a k a n a s k a li d A I C i g n a l a d i d g n a y i s a k o v o r p h a u b e s , 5 6 9 1 r e b m e t p e S 0 3 m a l a m a d a P n a g n e d t a k e d i s k e n o k i a y n u p m e m u t a s ti k i d e s g n il a p g n a y , h a g n e n e m a ri w r e p k o p m o l e k e S n a d n a h a n e m , o tr a h u S membunuhkomandanangkatanbersenjataLetnan-Jendra lAhmadYan i n a w e D h a u b e s n a k u t n e b m e p n a k a t a y n e m n a d , n i a l g n a y s a t a t a k g n it l a r d n e j a m il n a d .r e n o i s u l o v e R l a r d n e j n a k k il u c n e P -jendrali n iitdakmencakupduaorangpen itng .Yangpe tramaadalah a y , o tr a h u S ngpadawaktu tiuadalahkomandanKosrtad ,yangt erdri ida irt entara-tentaraeil t n a n t e L h e l o n i p m i p i d g n a y , i n i k a t n o r e b m e p a r a P . t a r a d n a t a k g n a -Kolone lUntung itdak a tr a k a J i d a y n o d n a m o k t a s u p g n a r e y n e m u a t a o tr a h u S p a k g n a n e m k u t n u n u p t i k i d e s a h a s u r e b walaupuni amempunya ikemampuanuntukmelaksanakanhali ni .Menter iPe trahananJ endra l i p a t e t ,i n i n a k a t n o r e b m e p n a b r o k n o l a c i a g a b e s n a k a t a k i d a i D . p u k a c i d k a d it a g u j , n o it u s a N . b i a j a a r a c e s ir i d n a k t a m a l e y n e m t a p a d l a p h a l a d a i n i g n u t n U h e l o n a k a t n o r e b m e P su .Dalam24j amSuha trodapa tmengalahkans emua li b m a g n e m n a d , g n a y a l e m u r u l e p a d a a p n a t ri p m a h , i n i k a t n o r e b m e p -ailhkonrto ldiJ aka tra , . n o it u s a N i r a d n a g n u k u d n a g n e d g n o t n a k a u m e s n a k h i s r e b m e m o tr a h u S h e l o k u t n e b i d g n a y o d n a m o k , u ti u g g n i m r i h k a i D -n a k tongpelrawanan ,danmelaksanakanpembantaiananit-komunist erbesa rdis ejarahyang t a b il r e t h a d u s u ti u t k a w a d a p g n a y , A I C n a d n o g a t n e P . A I C n a d S A n a a t u d e K h e l o i g n a l a d i d d a i s e n o d n I i s u l o v e r n a k m a l e g g n e n e m k u t n u d a k e tr e b , m a n t e i V i d a i s a h a r g n a r e p m a l a d alam . h a r a d t a m o l p i D -diploma tASdanperwria-perwriaCIA ,dipimpinolehDutaBesa rASuntukI ndonesia , g n a k u t n a g n e d a m a s a jr e k e b , n e e r G l l a h s r a M -tukangj aga lSuha trountukmembasmis eitap .i u h a t e k i d g n a y I K P g n u k u d n e p n a d a t o g g n a I C i g n a l a d i D g n a y a n a c n e B A t a b a j e p , i n i a t e d u k n a k p a i s r e p m e m m a l a D -pejaba tASs udahmenghabiskanpailngs ediki tdua r a tf a d t a u b m e m k u t n u n u h a t -da tfa rmauti n iyangdibe irkankepadaangkatanbersenjatadengan k a n A . a y n a u m e s h a l h u n u b : s a l e j g n a y i s k u rt s n i -buahSuha trodipe irntahkanuntukmelapo r a m a n a y a p u s n a k a n a s k a li d h a l e t n a h u n u b m e p h a l m u j e s p a it e s il a b m e k -namakorbanmereka a m a n n a g n e d n a k k o c o c i d t a p a d -namad ida tfar-da tfa rtiu. a ri w r e p a p a r e b e B -perwriaASyangbe irkut-se tramengatakanbaru-barui n iapayangt e jradi ." tIu k it il o p n a i g a b t a b a j e p s a k e b g n a r o e s a t a k " , a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a k u t n u r a s e b g n a y n a u t n a b h a l a d a b m e m n i k g n u m a k e r e M " . s n e tr a M t r e b o R , a tr a k a J i d S A r a s e B a t u D i d unuhbanyakorangdan " . k e l e j a y n a u m e s k a d it u ti i p a t e t , a y a s n a g n a t i d h a r a d a y n u p n i k g n u m a y a s " .t a p e t g n a y u t k a w a d a p s a r e k l u k u m e m s u r a h u m a k u t k a w u t a u S " t a b a j e p n i p m i m e m s n e tr a M -pejaba tCIAdanDepatremenLua rNeger id ikedutaanbesa rAS , t ir a d g n a y ahun1962 ,menyusunketeranganmendetlit entangs iapas ajayangdudukd idalam a m a n k u s a m r e t u tI . I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k -namaanggotakom tie-kom tiePK Id iitngka tprovinsi ,

n i p m i m e p n a d ; l a k o l n a d a t o k -pemimpinperse irkatan-perse irkatanke jrayangdidukungPKI ,dan n a t a k ir e s r e p -perse irkatanwantiadanpemuda. h a l a d a u ti u t k a w a d a p g n a y , y b l o C m a il li W A I C r u t k e ri d s a k e b h e l o i g n a l a d i d i n i i s a r e p O g n u g g n a tr e b i d a j n e m u ti n a g n e d n a d , A I C r u m i T a i s A i s i v i D r u t k e ri d -jawabata spengarahan C . a i s A i d S A a i s a h a r i g e t a rt s olbymengatakanbahwamencar ipengetahuant entang a h a s u n a k a p u r e m g n a y , m a n t e i V i d x i n e o h P m a r g o r p k u t n u n a h it a l i d a j n e m I K P n a n i p m i m e p e k 0 6 9 1 e d a k e d r i h k a i d l a n o i s a N n a a k e d r e m e K t n o r F g n u k u d n e p a u m e s n a k h a n s u m e m k u t n u - .a n a n k e c e g n e m a w h a b i u k a g n e m y b l o C m -a namad ida tfar-da tfa rmau ttiudianggaps anga tpenitng a w h a b n a l u p m i s e k r e b a ti K " . n o t g n i h s a W i d A I C n e ji l e t n i t a r o t k e ri d h e l o i s a w a i d u ti i a p m a s " .r a s e b g n a y n a r u d n u m e k i m a l a g n e m h a l e t I K P , u ti i tr e p e s ij e k a r a c e s n a u k a lr e p n a g n e d m A I C s o p a l a p e k l i k a W enggambarkandenganr asas enangyangt akt ersembuny ibagaimana g n a t n e t t u j n a lr e b a r a c e s n a r o p a l S A r a s e b n a a t u d e k n a k ir e b m e m a tr a k a J i d o tr a h u S s a k r a m n i p m i m e p n a h u n u b m e p n a d n a p u k a c n e p -pemimpinPKI ."Ktiamendapatkanl aporanyangj ela s g n a t n e t a tr a k a J i d siapayangdicakup .Angkatanbersenjatamempunyai' da tfa rpenembakan ' . g n a r o 0 0 0 , 5 i a p m a s 0 0 0 , 4 r a ti k e s k u t n u g n a r o a p a r e b e b n a d , a u m e s a k e r e m n a k a s a n i b m e m k u t n u a r a t n e t p u k u c a y n u p k a d it a k e r e M " m i s a s i n a g r o r a s a d a k g n a R . i s a g o r e t n ii d k u t n u a g r a h r e b h i s a m erekat elahr untuhhampris ekeitka a p a r e b e b n a k t a m a l e y n e m n a k a a k e r e m a w h a b u h a t a ti K . n a k a jr e k a k e r e m g n a y a p a u h a t a ti K . u ti a r u p n a li d a g n e p k u t n u -puramereka,t etap iSuha trodanpenasehat-penasehatnyaberkatablia e m s u r a h u m a k p u d i h a k e r e m n a k r a i b u m a k mber imerekamakan." S A r a s e b a t u d i d a j n e m k it n a li d u ti h a l e t e s g n a y n e e r G n a u j u t e s r e p n a g n e d n a k n a l a ji d i n i a u m e S m a lt i h W h a t n ir e m e p n a r a b u b m e p m a l a d g n it n e p n a n a r e p n a k n i a m e m a i a n a m i d , a il a rt s u A k u t n u . 5 7 9 1 n u h a t i d n a b i d g n a r o a t u j u t a s ti k i d e s g n il a P ta idalambencanaenambulanyangmengikut ikudeta tiu.I n i h e l o h a t n ir e p i d g n a y a i s e n o d n I s a ti s r e v i n U n a s u l u l k o p m o l e k h a u b e s ir a d n a a ri k r e p h a l a d a r a b e s e k i k i d il e y n e m k u t n u i ri d n e s u ti a t a j n e s r e b n a t a k g n a -luasanpembunuhan-pembunuhani n.i b i d n a d t u s a h i D antuoleht entara ,kelompok-kelompokpemudadar iorganisasi-organisas imusilm p a y a s -kananmelakukanpembunuhan-pembunuhanmassa,t erutamadiJ awaTengahdanJ awa n a r o p a l a d A . r u m i T -laporanbahwaSunga iBranta sd ideka tSurabayamenjad ipenuhmayat -a s t a y a m mpa idit empat-tempatt e trentus unga itiu"terbendungmayat" .Laporanl ainmengatakan a n a s i d i s il o p r o t n a k l i c e k n a m a l a h i d h u n u b i d g n a y i l a k e s k a y n a b r u m i T a w a J i d u t a B i d a w h a b t a y a m i a p m a s -maya ttiudikubu rd ibawahs emen. i m u l e b e s g n a y , il a B u a l u p i D tudianggaps ebaga ikubuPKI ,pailngs ediki t35,000orangmenjad i l a n o i s a N i a tr a P e ti l e o d n a m o k n a k u s a p , n i m a T a r a p a n a s i D . 6 6 9 1 n a a l u m r e p i d n a b r o k n a h u n u b m e p u k a l e p h a l a d a , o n r a k u S a y n a i s e n o d n I -pembunuhani ni .Korespondenkhusu sdar i e m e g ll A r e tr u f k n a r F ineZetiungbercertiat entangmayat-maya td ipinggrij alanataudibuangke n a il a g m a l a d -gailandant entangdesa-desayangs eparuhdibaka rd imanaparapetan iitdakberan i a k g n a r e k n a k l a g g n i n e m -kerangkar umahmerekayangs udahhangu .s