TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ……… i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……… ii
ABSTRACT ……… iii
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION Background of the Study ……… 1
Statement of the Problem ……… 4
Purpose of the Study ……… 5
Methods of Research ……… 5
Organization of the Thesis ……… 5
CHAPTER TWO : THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……… 6
CHAPTER THREE : THE VIOLATIONS OF DEBORAH TANNEN’S THEORY OF SIX CONTRASTS IN CROSS-GENDER COMMUNICATION ……… 12
CHAPTER FOUR : CONCLUSION ……… 40
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……… 44
ABSTRACT
Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, saya ingin mencari penyimpangan dari teori Deborah Tannen dalam bukunya yang berjudul You Just Don’t Understand. Tannen dalam bukunya membahas mengenai enam tipe perbedaan pesan dalam komunikasi antar gender.
Saya menggunakan dua buah film yang berjudul A Few Good Men dan The Peacemaker sebagai film rujukan untuk dianalisis. Dari kedua film ini, saya bermaksud membahas pesan yang diusung oleh para pemeran utama wanita dengan mengambil pendekatan sosiolinguistik.
Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik, saya akan mencari pelanggaran yang dilakukan para tokoh utama wanita terhadap teori Deborah Tannen. Setelah itu saya akan mengklasifikasikan tiap pelanggaran berdasarkan teori enam tipe perbedaan isi dalam komunikasi antar gender. Di samping itu, saya juga akan mengungkapkan latar belakang dari pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh kedua tokoh utama wanita tersebut.
APPENDICES
While the second film, The Peacemaker, tells about a looting of ten nuclear missiles done by General Aleksander Kodoroff, a member of Soviet Union Army. It is told that Kodoroff steals ten of SS-18 to get some money from the terrorists. In order to solve this national issue, the government appoints dr. Julia Kelly to be a three-week leader. Kelly is given full authority to lead and take decisions in this mission. She also has obligation to report everything to the president. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Colonel Tom Devoe is also assigned to be one of Kelly’s colleagues in the mission. It is told in the film that Devoe together with his team succeeds in taking over the missiles and arresting the criminals. Apparently, there is one missile missing and it has been bought by Vlado Mirick. Mirick functions as the right hand of his brother, Dusan Gavrich. Actually, Gavrich wants to take an avenge to the government of United States which he considers to be the responsible party for his family death. So, he plans for exploding the United Nations building in Manhattan by using SS-18, the missing missile. At the end of the film, both of Kelly and Devoe are succeeded in saving United States from the bad intention of Gavrich.
A Few Good Men
NO Galloway’s Violation Type of Violation
Context 1. Lieutenant, how long have you
been in the navy? How long have you been out of law school? I see. No. It's just that when I petitioned Division to have counsel assigned, I was hoping I'd be taken seriously. Have you ever been in a court room?
Status vs. Support Independence vs. Intimacy
NO Galloway’s Utterance Type of Besides, she wants to show her superiority.
3. Read the letters. You're not under any obligation, but I'd appreciate a report when you get back from outside hitting a ball.
Conflict vs. Compromise Status vs. Support
Galloway teases Kaffee for his having leisure time.
NO Galloway’s Utterance Type of father's Lionel Kaffee, former Navy Judge Advocate and Attorney General, of the United States, died 1985. You went to Harvard Law on a Navy scholarship, probably because that's what your father wanted you to do, and now you're just treading water for the three years you've fast-food, slick-ass' Persian Bazaar manner with which you seem to handle everything else, something's gonna get missed. And I wouldn't be doing my job if I allowed Dawson and Downey to spend any more time in prison than absolutely necessary, because their attorney had pre-determined the path of least resistance.
Information enough by having all information about him. she feels that Kaffee does not have vision in his life.
NO Galloway’s Utterance Type of Violation
Context 11. Jesus Christ, Kaffee, you are in the
navy for crying out loud.
Conflict vs. investigating or are you just gonna take the guided tour?
Conflict vs. heard the term Code Red. Colonel, this past February, you received a cautionary memo from the Naval Investigative Service, warning that the practice of enlisted men disciplining their own wasn't to be condoned by officers.
My point is that I think code reds officers on this base, isn't it? I need an answer to my question, sir.
Conflict vs. Jessep even though it seems dangerous for you ask the judge for new counsel, Danny, be sure and ask nicely.
NO Galloway’s Utterance Type of lawyer? Were daddy's expectations really that high? You know nothing about the law. You're a used car salesman, Daniel. You're an ambulance chaser with a rank. You're nothing. Live with that.
Status vs. Kaffee for having no courage to go to the court.
19. Where I've earned two distinguished service medals and two letters of commendation.
Status vs.
The Peacemaker willing to take orders from women.
Orders vs. further instruction. Do not proceed without authorization. Do not proceed. Devoe, alright come back.
Orders vs. orders the snipers to take the shot. 6. Are you suggesting it was a
robbery? Well, we’ll certainly be considering your theory. Thank you, thank you very much.
Status vs.
directly to the president.
NO Kelly’s Utterance Type of Violation
Context 8. Coffee? It’s over there. Information vs.
Feelings
Status vs. Support
Independence vs. Intimacy
Kelly only informs the coffee place to Devoe.
9. Is Kodoroff involved Kordech? Is that why we’re meeting at Vienna?
Information vs. Feelings
Independence vs. Inrimacy Status vs. Support
Kelly questions the information from the informant.
10. And I don’t want to provoke war because your personal agenda.
Conflict vs. Compromise Independence vs. Intimacy
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As a social creature, every human being has the need to interact with others. Language is one of the instruments used in human interaction. By using language, we are able to communicate with others. In other words, language has become one of human basic needs. That is why language is very enjoyable to observe and analyze; it is really close to everybody’s life.
addition, whether they realize it or not, male and female use language differently. They speak as the society wants them to and permit them to. Moreover, they speak as they are expected to. Generally speaking, female is expected to speak more politely than male. To make it clearer, let us take a look at a conversation between a couple, male and female, who is having a trip by car. The female wants to stop for a while in a coffee shop to buy a cup of coffee.
SHE: Would you like to stop by and have a cup of coffee? HE : No, thank you.
SHE: Why do you have to be so annoying?
HE : Give me a break. What do you mean? Am I doing something wrong? What have I done? I’ve done nothing…I’m just trying to be polite by saying no, thank you.
SHE: You don’t have to yell at me just because I want a cup of coffee.
HE :Now, I got it. You want a cup of coffee. Why don’t you just say it out loud?
We can see clearly from the conversation above that instead of giving an order, the female speaker gives a suggestion to deliver her message. As a consequence, the male participant thinks she only offers to stop by and buy a cup of coffee. He does not want to stop by; therefore, he rejects the offer in a polite way. It is obvious that he does not understand what she really wants. The female becomes upset for the reason that she feels he is being insensitive. Furthermore, she feels hurt because he does not seem to understand her. It is possible that both of these people are frustrated because they cannot understand each other. She thinks her male partner is insensitive. Nonetheless, he feels the female does not state what she really wants directly.
been many researches focusing on language usage. Moreover, people wonder if gender does make a difference in the usage of language. There are some linguists who are deeply interested in this issue, such as, Dell Hymes, Henri Tajfel, Janet Holmes, Jennifer Coates, Peter Trudgill, Robin Lakoff and so on. Deborah Tannen is one of the linguists who have done a research about gender role in the use of language. She has been well-known all over the world through her works which eventually become best-sellers. One of her books, You Just Don’t Understand, becomes a best-seller book in New York, USA. In this book, Tannen states that there are six contrasts in cross-gender communication.
The first contrast deals with status and support. In doing communication, male always seeks to achieve the upper status; on the other hand, female always seeks to gain confirmation and support for their ideas. Second, male communication focuses more on being independent, while female tends to preserve intimacy. The third contrast occurs when dealing with problems. Male tends to give solution for the problem; on the other hand, female tends to give sympathy. The fourth contrast, male concerns more on what information that they can give or get, whereas female tends to concern more on what they feel. The fifth contrast, male tends to use and prefer to hear direct imperatives, whereas female tends to do indirect imperatives. The last contrast deals with how male and female show their disagreement. Male tends to show their disagreement outspokenly while female tends to compromise with it.
anomalies of Tannen’s theory dealing with cross-gender communication. In addition, I would like to find out the reasons behind these anomalies. As a result, I choose to discuss “The Violations of Deborah Tannen’s Theory of Six Contrasts in Cross-Gender Communication Seen in The Peacemaker and A Few Good Men” as my thesis topic.
Owing to the fact that English is a foreign language in Indonesia, I would prefer to use films as my data source to get a clear picture of conversation between male and female in a real situation. Besides, I find that films are more reliable than other data sources. By using films, I am able to get clearer important information about the participants, the setting (time and place), the verbal and non-verbal behavior.
The films that will be my data source are The Peacemaker and A Few Good Men. The reason for choosing these two films is that the female major characters in these two films do not act or speak like what Tannen has stated in her theory.
.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In analyzing The Peacemaker and A Few Good Men through Deborah Tannen’s theory of six contrasts in cross-gender communication, I would like to state the problems as follows:
1. What are the violations of Tannen’s theory that can be found in The Peacemaker and A Few Good Men?
1.3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1. To show violations of Tannen’s theory found in The Peacemaker and A Few Good Men.
2. To show the reasons behind the violations.
1.4. METHODS OF RESEARCH
In writing my thesis, I will begin by watching The Peacemaker and A Few Good Men, which are my data sources. While watching these films, I take notes of the female major characters’ utterances. Then, I analyze the utterances containing the violation of Tannen’s theory. After getting the valid data, I classify the data into Tannen’s six contrasts. The next step is to apply Tannen’s six contrasts into the classified data and write the research report.
1.5. ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References :
Haree, Rom, and Roger Lamb., ed. The Dictionary of Personality and Social Psychology. Massachusetts: The MIT Press Cambridge Holmes, Janet. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 2001.
Smalley, Gary. If Only He Knew. Trans. T. Wahyuni. Ed. Budijanto. Yayasan Media, 1995.
Tannen, Deborah. You Just Don’t Understand. Great Britain: Virago Press, 1990. Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Publishers,
1992.
Internet Website :
A Few Good Men. 8 September 2005
<http://www.godamongdirectors.com/scripts/fewgood.shtm/> DefenseLINK Template. 12 April 2006
<http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/insignias/> Wikipedia Online. Sociolinguistics. 17 October 2005
