Jumpa Hangat
Kelas Bahasa Turki untuk Pemula Oleh :
Komunitas Depok Lingua & Sebangsa
Sebangsa HQ, Jumat, 5 Mei 2017
Apa yang terlintas di pikiran Anda saat
mendengar kata “TURKI” ?
Fakta Tentang Bahasa Turki
• Turki adalah negara berbentuk republik yang berdiri sejak tahun 1923 yang sebelumnya berbentuk
kesultanan
• Pada masa Kesultanan Ottoman, bahasa resmi Turki
adalah Bahasa Turki Ottoman yang menggunakan huruf arab gundul
• Namun pada era revolusi di tahun 1923, Turki
menggulingkan Kesultanan Ottoman juga menghapus Bahasa Turki Ottoman
• Pasca revolusi, Turki resmi berubah menjadi negaraa
berbentuk republik pada tanggal 29 Oktober 1923
Fakta Tentang Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
• Bahasa Turki : bahasa resmi dari Republik Turki dan dituturkan oleh 90%
penduduknya yang berjumlah kurang lebih 79 juta #KultweetDLing
• Bahasa Turki merupakan salah satu Bahasa Asia yang berasal dari rumpun Bahasa Altaic #KultweetDLing
• Bahasa Turki diperkenalkan pertama kali oleh presiden ke-1 Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk pd th. 1928 dgn menggunakan huruf latin #KultweetDLing
#KultweetDLing
• Jumlah alfabet Bahasa Turki adalah 29 huruf dengan tambahan ç,ğ,ı,ö,ş,ü dan huruf q, w, dan x ditiadakan #KultweetDLing
• Kosakata Bahasa Turki banyak dipengaruhi oleh Bahasa Perancis, Arab, Yunani, Inggris karena faktor sejarah&peradaban #KultweetDLing
• Bahasa Turki adlh salah satu Bahasa Algunitatif yg menitikberatkan pada imbuhan terutama imbuhan akhir dlm tata bahasanya #KultweetDLing
• Pola dasar dalam kalimat Bahasa Turki adalah Subyek + Obyek +Predikat (dikonjugasi menurut subyek tergantung tensesnya) #KultweetDLing
• Bahasa Turki tidak memiliki gender dalam kosakatanya seperti Bahasa Jerman, Perancis, Spanyol, Italia, atau bahkan Rusia #KultweetDLing
• Ada salah satu ‘tongue twister’ atau kalimat pembelit lidah Bahasa Turki yaitu "Kartal kalkar dal sarkar, dal sarkar kartal kalkar.“ yang artinya : “The eagle takes off the branch bends;the branch bends,the eagle takes off.“
• Kalimat terpanjang dalam Bahasa Turki adalah
“muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine”
kalimat ini terdari dari 70 huruf yang artinya : “It’s as though you are from those we may not be able to easily make a maker of unsuccessful ones.
• Komposisi kosakata Bahasa turki berjumlah 104,481 kosakata(berasal dari Bahasa Turki 86% dan 14% serapan bahasa asing (2005)
• Ada badan yang bernama Türk Dili Kurumu (Turkish Language Association) tugasnya mengatur EYD dan tata bahasa Bahasa Turki
• B.Turki jg dituturkan di ngr yg tgbung dlm Turkic Council (Azerbaijan, Kazakstan, Kirgistan, Turkmenistan, dan Uzbekistan)
• Di beberapa negara Benua Eropa seperti Yunani Cyprus,Jerman, Belanda, Belgia dan sebagian negara Balkan jg berbicara B.Turki ini krn fktr sjrah jg krn Org Turki yg berimigrasi ke ngr tsb utk bkrja kmdn ada jg yg mnikah dgn wrga asli dr ngr tsb
Fakta Tentang Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
Materi Bahasa Turki untuk Pemula
Materi Kelas İstanbul
Pertemuan 1
Sabtu, 19 Maret 2017
Perpustakaan Pusat UI
Alfabet Bahasa Turki
Perkenalan Bahasa Turki
• Halo!
Merhaba!
• Siapa namamu?
Senin adın ne?/İsmin nedir? (informal)
Sizin adınız ne?/İsminiz nedir? (formal)
• Nama Saya …
Benim adım (sebutkan nama)
• Apa kabar?
Nasılsın? (informal)
Nasılsınız? (formal)
• Kabar baik. Terimakasih.
Ben iyiyim. Teşekkür ederim/sağ ol (informal)/sağ olun (formal)
• Tinggal dimana?
Nerede yaşıyorsun?/oturuyorsun?
(informal)
Nerde yaşıyorsunuz?/oturuyorsunuz?
(forma
• Saya tinggal di …
Ben (nama kota)’de/da/te/ta yaşıyorsum/oturuyorum
• Berapa usiamu?/umurmu?
Kaç yaşındasın? (informal)
Kaç yaşındasınız? (formal)
• Usia saya …/Umur saya…
Ben (sebutkan usia/umur) yaşındayım
• Apa pekerjaanmu?
Ne iş yapıyorsun? (informal)
Ne iş yapıyorsunuz? (formal)
• Pekerjaan saya adalah …
Ben (sebutkan nama pekerjaan) + (y)ım/ (y)im/ (y)um/ (y)üm
• Senang berkenalan denganmu/salam kenal
Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum/memnun oldum
Contoh Perkenalan Bahasa Turki
Merhaba! Benim adım Winda. Ben
Jakarta’da yaşıyorum/oturuyorum. Ben 26 yaşındayım. Ben serbest çalışanım.
Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum. Teşekkür ederim.
• Perkenalan Diri Sendiri
Contoh Perkenalan Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
Bentuk Percakapan Informal
Ahmet : Merhaba!
Zeynep : Merhaba!
Ahmet : Nasılsın?
Zeynep : Ben iyiyim. Teşekkür ederim/sağ ol. Ya sen?
Ahmet : Ben de iyiyim. Teşekkür ederim/sağ ol.
Senin adın ne?/İsmin nedir?
Zeynep : Benim adım Zeynep. Ya senin?
Ahmet : Benim adım Ahmet. Nerede yaşıyorsun?/oturuyorsun?
Zeynep : Ben İstanbul’da yaşıyorsum/oturuyorum.
Ya sen?
Ahmet : Ben Kayseri’de yaşıyorsum/oturuyorum.
Kaç yaşındasın?
Zeynep : Ben 22 yaşındayım. Ya sen?
Ahmet : Ben 19 yaşındayım. Ne iş yapıyorsun?
Zeynep : Ben gazeteciyim. Ya sen?
Ahmet : Ben öğrenciyim. Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.
Zeynep : Ben de. Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.
Ahmet : Hoşça kal!/Görüşürüz!
Zeynep : Güle güle!/Görüşürüz!
Bentuk Percakapan Formal
John Bey : Merhaba!
Aline Hanım : Merhaba!
John Bey : Nasılsınız?
Aline Hanım : Ben iyiyim. Teşekkür ederim/sağ olun. Ya siz?
John Bey : Ben de iyiyim. Teşekkür ederim, efendim./sağ olun, efendim . Sizin adınız ne?/İsminiz nedir?
Aline Hanım : Benim adım Aline. Ya sizin?
John Bey : Benim adım John. Nerede yaşıyorsunuz?/oturuyorsunuz?
Aline Hanım : Ben Paris’te yaşıyorsum/oturuyorum. Ya siz?
John Bey : Ben New York’ta yaşıyorsum/oturuyorum.
Kaç yaşındasınız?
Aline Hanım : Ben 35 yaşındayım. Ya siz?
John Bey : Ben 40 yaşındayım. Ne iş yapıyorsunuz?
Aline Hanım : Ben doktorum. Ya siz?
John Bey : Ben polisim. Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.
Aline Hanım : Ben de. Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.
John Bey : Hoşça kalın!/Görüşürüz, efendim!
Aline Hanım : Güle güle!/Görüşürüz, efendim!
Angka Bahasa Turki
Kata Tanya Bahasa Turki
Frase & Kosakata Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
Frase & Kosakata Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
Frase & Kosakata Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
Frase & Kosakata Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
Kata Ganti Subyek
&
Konjugasi Imbuhan Akhir
Harmonisasi Huruf Vokal
Bentuk Negasi
Kata Sifat
Bentuk Jamak
Angka Bahasa Turki (lanj.)
Kata Sapaan untuk Keluarga
Turkish words for family members in Turkish. There are many words for family
members in Turkish, which is sometimes very confusing even for the Turkish people, experience talks. Here is a list for you to learn family members in Turkish:
Turkish words for family members: Children
Çocuk Child. The word çocuk is also used for boy in Turkish e.g. “Çocuklar bahçede top oynuyorlar.” “Ali çok yakışıklı bir çocuk.”
Kız Girl, daughter.
Oğul Son. This word is also used colloqially as “Oğlum” meaning budy, mate etc.
Kardeş Sibling. Both male and female. This word comes from “karındaş” meaning the persons who are sharing their mother’s belly.
Kız kardeş Sister.
Erkek kardeş Brother.
Yeğen Niece/nephew.
Kuzen Cousin.
Torun Groundchild
Kata Sapaan untuk Keluarga (lanj.)
Learn Familiy Members in Turkish: Mother’s Side
Anne Mother. There is also “ana” for mother. It’s an old word or used in small towns or villages.
Anneane Grandmother (mother’s mother). “Büyükanne is another word for grandmother but “anneanne” is more common.
Dede Grandfather. Both mother’s and father’s. Büyükbaba is another word but it is, just like “büyükanne”, not a common word.
Teyze Aunt (mother’s sister). It is also used to address the elderly women in general e.g. “Teyze, bakar mısınız?”
Dayı Uncle (mother’s brother).
Kata Sapaan untuk Keluarga (lanj.)
Learn Familiy Members in Turkish : Father’s side
Baba Father. This word is also used for people who are experts, famous etc.
in their field. For example singers like Erkin Koray, Orhan Gencebay, Müslüm Gürses are called Erkin Baba, Orhan Baba, Müslüm Baba because they are unique characters for their fans.
Babaanne Grandmother (father’s mother). “Büyükanne” is another word for grandmother but “babaanne” is more common.
Dede Grandfather. Both mother’s and father’s. Büyükbaba is another word but it is, just like “büyükanne”, not a common word.
Hala Aunt (father’s sister). It is usually confused with the word “hala” (the last a is soft with an accent on it) meaning still in English.
Amca Uncle (father’s brother). It is also used to address the elderly men in general e.g. “Amca, bakar mısınız?” just like “tezye”.
Kata Sapaan untuk Keluarga (lanj.)
Learn Familiy Members in Turkish : In-laws Kaynana Mother-in-law.
Kayın baba Father-in-law.
Yenge Sister-in-law/aunt-in-law, auntie. It is also used to address, for example, your friend’s girlfriend.
Enişte Brother-in-law/uncle-in-law. In the same way, it is used to address your girlfrien’s boyfriend.
Baldız Your wife’s sister.
Kayın birader Brother-in-law (wife’s or husband’s brother).
Elti Your husband’s brother’s wife, his sister-in-law.
Bacanak Your wife’s sister’s husband, her brother-in-
law.
Kata Sapaan untuk Orang Yang Lebih Tua / Orang Asing
Form of
address Usage
Efendim It is one of the most common forms of address.
It can have the following meanings:
1. Sir! Madam! (calling someone in the street)
2. I beg your pardon! (For something we haven't understood in a conversation) 3. Hello! (Answering the phone)
4. As "my Master - my Lord".
Examples: Efendim! Tabii efendim! Yüzüklerin efendisi (The Lord of the rings).
Beyefendi It means "sir". It's used to call or address somebody when we don't know his name.
Examples: Merhaba beyefendi. Beyefendi!
Hanımefendi It means "Madam / Mrs". It's used to call or address a lady when we don't know her name.
Examples: İyi akşamlar hanımefendi. Hanımefendi!
Addressing people in Turkish - Hitaplar
Here you can learn how to call or address people in Turkish.
The most common forms of address are presented along with explanations and examples.
Kata Sapaan untuk Orang Yang Lebih Tua / Orang Asing (lanj.)
Bay It means "Mister / Mr". It is used before the name. You can see it in documents.
Examples: Bay Mehmet Öztürk.
Bayan It means "Mrs / Ms". It is used before the name. You can see it in documents Examples: Bayan Ayşe Erdoğan.
Bey It means "Mister". It is used after the name. You can see it in documents or hear it in the street.
Examples: Ali bey. Orhan bey. Müdür bey (Director, Manager). Günaydın doktor bey.
Hanım It means "Mrs / Ms". It is used after the name. You can see it in documents or hear it in the street.
Examples: Ebru hanım. Merhaba doktor hanım.
Hocam It means "my teacher".
Examples: Tabii hocam.
Abi It is an abbreviation of the word ağabey, which means "big brother". It is used in the family, between friends in the street, or from a shopkeeper who is calling a (possible) client. It shows the same respect as to the big brother of the family.
Examples: Buyurun abi. Ne haber abi?
Abla It means "big sister". It is used in the family and in the street. It shows the same respect as to the big sister of the family.
Examples: Tamam abla, buyur abla.
Amca It means "uncle - father's brother". It is used to address an older man. It shows respect.
Examples: Bakar mısın amca? Günaydın amca.
Teyze It means "aunt - mother's sister". It is used to address an older woman. It shows respect.
Examples: Sağol teyze, tabii teyze.
Baba It means "father", but it is also used to address an older wise person.
Examples: Sağol baba, Noel Baba (Santa Claus)
Sayın
It means "dear / estimable". It is used to address an official guest, an officer, a priest, a hodja, an intellectual person etc.
Examples: Sayın Başbakan (Prime Minister). Sayın Patrik (Patriarch).
Kata Sapaan untuk Orang Yang Lebih
Tua / Orang Asing (lanj.)
Kata Sapaan Akrab / Sayang
Aşkım It means "my love / my beloved one".
Examples: Aşkım çay ister misin?
Canım It means "dear / darling / my soul".
Examples: Nasılsın canım? Seni çok özledim.
Dostum It means "my friend".
Examples: Ne haber dostum? Ne var ne yok dostum?
Hayatım It means "my life".
Examples: Hayatım seni çok seviyorum.
Sevgili/Sevgilim They are used in letters and emails. The word sevgili means "dear". It is addressed to a friend.
The word sevgilim means "my love".
Examples: Sevgili müsteriler (Dear customers). Sevgilim beni affet (Forgive me my love).
Kalimat Demonstratif (Penunjukan)
Turkish bu şu o bunlar şunlar onlar
English this
that (near) that (far) these
those (near) those (far)
Examples:
1. Bu oğlum Mehmet - This is my son Mehmet.
2. Şu araba beyaz - That (near) car is white.
3. O günleri hatırlıyorum - I remember those (old) days.
Kalimat Ada / Tidak Ada
Kalimat Ada / Tidak Ada (lanj.)
• Contoh kalimat ada (var)
Evde köpek var. There's a dog in the house.
Odada bir piyano ve bir keman var. There's a piano and a violin in the room.
Her cep telefonunda kamera var artık. = There's a camera on each cell phone now.
Sınıfta yirmi öğrenci var. = There are twenty students in the class.
Lokantamızda her türlü yemek var. = There are all kinds of food in our restaurant.
Yolda trafik işaretleri var. = There are traffic signs on the road.
• Contoh kalimat tidak ada (yok)
Bu masalda kötü kurt yok. = In this fairy tale there is no bad wolf.
Partide kimse gülmüyor, neşe yok, keyif yok. = In this party nobody laughs, there is no joy, there is no happy mood.
Bahçede çiçekler yok. = There are no flowers in the garden.
Bilgisayarda hiç oyunlar yok. = There aren't any games on the computer.
Kalimat Ada / Tidak Ada (lanj.)
• Contoh kalimat ada (var mı?) bentuk tanya (interogatif)
* Tanrı var mı? = Does God exist?
*Beşiktaş - Efes maçına bilet var mı?
(lit.)Are there any tickets left for the Beşiktaş - Efes game?
*Orada kimse var mı? = Is anybody there?
*Hayalimdeki mesleği yapıyorum diyenler var mı? = Are there any people who say that they do their dream job?
*İlk görüşte aşk var mı? = Does love at first sight exist?
*Odada açık pencereler var mı? Are there any windows open in the
room?
•
• Contoh kalimat tidak ada (yok mu) bentuk tanya (interogatif)
*Aranızda Türkçe konuşan yok mu? = Isn't there anyone among you who speaks Turkish?
*Şaşırmış haldeyim, yardım eden yok mu?
= I am confused. Isn't there anyone who can help?
*Okulda futbol takımı yok mu? = Isn't there a football team at school?
*Gerçekten seven insanlar yok mu? = Aren't there any people who can really love?
*Beşiktaş ve civarında ikinci el dükkanlar yok mu? = Aren't there any second hand shops nearby Beşiktaş?
*Mahallede hiç kediler yok mu? = Aren't there any cats in the neighbourhood?
Preposisi
Peleburan Huruf Konsonan
• In Turkish, there are certain consonants that are replaced by other letters when suffixes are added to them.
• When we add a suffix to word that ends in
"p/ç/t/k" and the consonant has a vowel both before and after it, the consonant will change:
• p➨b | ç➨c |t➨d | k➨ğ/g |
• Examples:
(kitap) Benim kitabım - My book
(dolap) Dolaba koydum - I put it into the cupboard (ağaç) Ağaca bak - Look at the tree
(borç) Borcum ne kadar? - How much do I owe?
(yoğurt) Hakan yoğurdu yedi - Hakan ate the yogurt
(dört) Saat dörde çeyrek var - The time is a quarter to four
(sözlük) İngilizce-Türkçe sözlüğün var mı? - Do you have an English-Turkish dictionary?
(çocuk) Fatih çocuğa şeker verdi - Fatih gave candy to the children
The letter "k" is replaced by a "g" instead of a "ğ"
when it has a "n" before it and a vowel after it:
(renk) Göz rengi - Eye color
(kepenk) Ömer kepengi kapattı - Ömer closed the shutter
• EXCEPTIONS
In general, single syllable words don't have consonant mutation applied to them:
(top) Benim topum - My ball
(koç) Çobanın koçu - The shepherd's goat
(süt) Sütü bardağa dök - Pour the milk into the glass
Words that are derived from other languages (French, English, Arabic, etc.) don't experience any consonant
mutation:
(bilet) Biletini unutma - Don't forget your ticket
(internet) İnterneti her gün
kullanıyorum - I use the internet everyday
(hukuk) İslam hukuku - Islamic law
Proper nouns such as names of people or places also do not change:
(Zeynep) Zeynep'e kalem verdim - I gave Zeynep a pen
(Haliç) Haliç'e gittik - We went to the Golden Horn
(Tokat) Tokat'ın nüfusu - The population of Tokat
Peleburan Huruf Konsonan (lanj.)
• In some cases, the last letter of a root word can change the first letter of an added suffix. The letters which can change this are;
k/p/ç/f/t/h/b/s/ş
When a suffix beginning with 'd' is added to one of these above letters, the first letter of the suffix changes from 'd' to 't'. This occurs in suffixes such as '- den/-dan' (from) and '-de/-da' (in/at/on).
If you have trouble remembering these consonants, try and remember this phrase :
“Charlie Found He Kould Put Strong Sheds Together”
Examples Bed - Yatak
From the bed - Yataktan Dog - Köpek
On the dog - Köpekte
Bentuk Kepemilikan (Posesif)
Bentuk Kepemilikan (Posesif) (lanj.)
Kata Kerja Bahasa Turki
Present Contious Tense dalam Bahasa Turki
Turkish present continuous tense uses the suffix "yor". The present continuous tense verb is basically one big word containing the verb root, "yor" and the personal suffix.
We obtain the verb root by removing the "mak/mek" from the infinitive form. For example, the verb root of "yazmak" would be "yaz", "izlemek" would be "izle" and "konuşmak" would be "konuş".
We can express the present continuous tense in four ways:
Positive (Eg. I am writing)
Negative (Eg. I am not writing)
Positive Question (Eg. Am I writing?)
Negative Question (Eg. Am I not writing?)
