ii v T C A R T S B A .
L ,A .A. Komang Saka 0(2 1 .3) Tambu’ sRebelilon agains tTradiitona lRole s s ’ a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T n i n e m o W f
o Nervou sCondiitons Yogyakatra : h
s il g n
E LanguageEducaitonStudyProgram, Depatrmento fLanguageand n o it a c u d E s tr
A , Facutly o f Teacher s Training and Educaiton, Sanata . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D s i h
T study discusse sthe rebelilon so fsomefemale charactersagainstt he n i n e m o w f o s e l o r l a n o it i d a
rt Tstis iDangarembga’ s Nervou sCondiitons. Based w , l e v o n e h t n
o omen tg e unequal rteatmen tfrom the men as the head s o f u b m a T . y li m a f e h t n i s d l o h e s u o
h ,a sone o fthe female character sin the novel , n e m o w f o s e l o r l a n o it i d a rt e h t m o r f e e r f e b o t s t n a
w bythepat irarchalsystem.
h
T i sstudy i saimed at i dentfiying t he rtadiitonalr olestha twomen should o
l p m
e y and a t ifnding the reason sand the way so fthe main characte rrebel s . l e v o n e h t n i d e t c i p e d s a s e l o r e s o h t t s n i a g
a There are t hree problems propose d , y d u t s s i h t f o c i p o t e h t o t d e t a l e
r .ie. (1 )Wha tare the Zimbabwean rtadiitona l T n i n w o h s n e m o w f o s e l o
r stis iDangarembga’ sNervou sCondiitons?, (2 )Wha t t s n i a g a g n il l e b e r n i s n o s a e r s ’ u b m a T e r
a the rtadiitonalr ole so fwomen porrtayed ? l e v o n e h t n
i ,and 3( ) How doe sTambu rebe lagains tthe rtadiitona lrole so f ? l e v o n e h t n i d e y a rt r o p n e m o w s e s u y d u t s s i h
T ilbraryr esearcht oanalyzet heproblemsf ormulated .There . s e c r u o s y r a d n o c e s d n a y r a m ir p , s e c r u o s n i a m o w t e r
a Tstis iDangarembga’ s
s n o it i d n o C s u o v r e
N is t hep irmary source whliet he secondary source saret aken m
o r
f relevan tbook sand journal srelated to the ltierary theo ires .Some theo ire s x
e amined i nt hi sstudyarethec iritca lapproach, t her eviewon rtadiitonalr ole so f w e i v e r e h t , e w b a b m i Z n i n e m o
w on Shona’ swomen and patirarchalsystem, t he t s e w n o w e i v e r e h t d n a , e r u tl u c d n a n o it a z il a i c o s n o w e i v e
r erncolonizaiton .Due
y d u t s s i h t f o e m e h t e h t o
t si related to the social condtiion ,the wrtie ruse sthe o
i c o
s cutlural-histo ircalapproacht oexaminet henovel . l a n a e h t n o d e s a
B ysi ,st hi sstudy ifndsthewomenrole sw ereemployedby y
r e v
e womani nt heShonas ociety .Thoser olesarea s agoodwfie ,agoodmother , e r a s e l o r e s o h T . r e n n i w d a e r b a d n
a considered a sburdensomef o rwomen .Thati s o t m o d e e r f e h t t e g o t s t n a w e h S . s e l o r l a n o it i d a rt e h t t s n i a g a s l e b e r u b m a T y h w o f y a w d n a g n i h t t s e b e h t e n i m r e t e
d rherl fie .
e r a o h w s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t o t s n o it s e g g u s s r e f f o o s l a y d u t s s i h T s ’ a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T h ti w g n i k r o w n i d e t s e r e t n
i Nervou sCondiitons a sthei r
t c e j b o y d u t
s . Thi s study also provide s suggesiton s fo r Engilsh teacher s for h
c a e
t i ng Engilsh reading skill using Nervou sCondiitons a nd provide sa lesson f o h s il g n E g n i h c a e t r o f n a l
p gradeXI students yb using some excerpts from t he t
s a
l chapter fo Nervou sCondiiton sast heteachingmate ira.l
: s d r o w y e
ii i v A R T S B A K .
L ,A .A.KomangSaka. 0(2 1 .3) Tambu’ sRebelilonagains tTradiitona lRole so f s ’ a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T n i n e m o
W Nervou s Condiitons Yogyakatra : , i n e S n a d a s a h a B n a s u r u J , s ir g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P i d u t S m a r g o r P i n U , n a k i d i d n e P u m lI n a d n a u r u g e K s a tl u k a
F verstia sSanataDharma.
i d u t
S in imembahast entangpelrawanan dar ibeberapatokoh-tokoh wan tia l e v o n m a l a d a ti n a w l a n o i s i d a rt n a n a r e p p a d a h r e
t Nervou sCondiiton skaryaTstis i
. a g b m e r a g n a
D Wan tia dalam nove lin imengalam ipelrakuan yang berbeda dar i l
a r a
p elak isebaga ikepalar umah t anggad idalam keluarga .Tambu sebaga isalah i n i l e v o n i d a ti n a w u t a
s ingint erbeba sdar iperanan rtadisiona lwantiayangsanga t i
dpengaruh iolehsistempatirark.i i
d u t
S in ibetrujuanuntukmengidenit ifkasiperanan rtadisional wantiayang s
u r a
h dilakukandanuntuk menca iralasanbesetracarayang dliakukanolehtokoh a
m a t
u dalammelawanperanant ersebu tsepetr iyangdliukiskan dalamnove.l Ada u ti a y , i n i n a it il e n e p k i p o t n a g n e d t i a k r e t n a k l u s u i d g n a y h a l a s a m a g
it (1 )Apasaja
peranan rtadisiona lwantia Zimbabwe yang diperilhatkan dalam nove lNervou s s n o it i d n o
C karyaTstis iDangarembga?, (2 )Apasajaalasandar iTambu melawan l e v o n m a l a d n a k s i k u li d g n a y a ti n a w l a n o i s i d a rt n a n a r e
p ? 3, ( )BagaimanaTambu
l a n o i s i d a rt n a n a r e p n a w a l e
m wantiayangdliukiskandalamnovel?
i d u t
S in imenggunakan metode kaijan kepustakaan untuk menganailsa n a s u m u
r masalah .Adaduamacam sumbe ryang digunakan Nervou sCondiiton s i n i i s p ir k s a m a t u r e b m u s h a l a d
a ,sedangkan sumbe rsekunde rdidapa tdar ibuku
n a
d jurna lyang berkatian dengan teo ir-teor ikesusasrtaan .Beberapa teo ir yang h a l a d a n a k a n u g i
d k iritk sasrta, itnjauan tentang peranan-peranan rtadisiona l s n a d a ti n a w g n a t n e t n a u a j n it , e w b a b m i Z i d a ti n a
w istempatirark iShona ,itnjauan
n a d a y a d u b g n a t n e
t sosiailsasi ,dan itnjauant entangpenjajahan bara.t Pendekatan i r a d a m e t a n e r a k i n i l e v o n i j a k g n e m m a l a d n a k a n u g i d h a r a j e s n a d l a r u tl u k o i s o s a g n u b u h r e b i n i i s p ir k
s ndengankondisis osia.l.
n a n a r e p n a k u m e n e m i n i n a ij a k , n a k u k a li d g n a y s i s il a n a n a k r a s a d r e B
wantiayang haru sd liakukan oleh wantia d imasyaraka tShona .Peranan-peranan h a l a d a t u b e s r e
t menjad iisrt iyang baik ,ibu yang baik , dan pencar inafkah. t u b e s r e t n a n a r e
P dianggapmemberatkanbag iwantia.Inliahalasanyangmembua t d a rt n a n a r e p n a w a l e m u b m a
T isionalt ersebu.t Diai ngin mendapatkan kebebasan
l a h n a k u t n e n e m m a l a
d -ha ldanj alant erbaikuntukhidupnya.
n a y a y n t u j n a l e s i ti l e n e p a r a p i g a b n a r a s n a k r a w a n e m a g u j i n i i s p ir k S g l u d u jr e b g n a y a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T a y r a k l e v o n n a k a n u g g n e m k ir a tr e
t Nervou s
Condiiton ssebaga iobjek kaijan . Sk irps iini j uga menyediakan saran bag iguru r a j a g n e m k u t n u s ir g g n I a s a h a
b keahilan membaca bahasa Ingg ir smenggunakan
s u o v r e
N Condiitons dan menawarkan rencana pembelajaran untuk mengaja r X s a l e k s ir g g n I a s a h a
b I menggunakan cupilkan bab terakhi r dar i Nervou s
s n o it i d n o
C sebaga imater ipengajaran. i c n u k a t a
T
S
N
I
A
G
A
N
O
I
L
L
E
B
E
R
S
’
U
B
M
A
T
I
S
T
I
S
T
N
I
N
E
M
O
W
F
O
S
E
L
O
R
L
A
N
O
I
T
I
D
A
R
T
S
’
A
G
B
M
E
R
A
G
N
A
D
N
E
R
V
O
U
S
C
O
N
D
I
T
I
O
N
S
ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
s t n e m e r i u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
e h t n i a t b O o
t SarjanaPendidikanDegree n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E n i
y B
. L a k a S g n a m o K g n u g A k a n A
6 3 1 4 1 2 1 8 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
M A R G O R P Y D U T S N O I T A C U D E H S I L G N E
N O I T A C U D E S T R A D N A E G A U G N A L F O T N E M T R A P E D
N O I T A C U D E D N A G N I N I A R T S R E H C A E T F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
i
T
S
N
I
A
G
A
N
O
I
L
L
E
B
E
R
S
’
U
B
M
A
T
I
S
T
I
S
T
N
I
N
E
M
O
W
F
O
S
E
L
O
R
L
A
N
O
I
T
I
D
A
R
T
S
’
A
G
B
M
E
R
A
G
N
A
D
N
E
R
V
O
U
S
C
O
N
D
I
T
I
O
N
S
ASARJANAPENDIDIKANTHESIS
s t n e m e r i u q e R e h t f o t n e m ll if l u F l a it r a P s a d e t n e s e r P
e h t n i a t b O o
t SarjanaPendidikanDegree n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E n i
y B
. L a k a S g n a m o K g n u g A k a n A
6 3 1 4 1 2 1 8 0 : r e b m u N t n e d u t S
M A R G O R P Y D U T S N O I T A C U D E H S I L G N E
N O I T A C U D E S T R A D N A E G A U G N A L F O T N E M T R A P E D
N O I T A C U D E D N A G N I N I A R T S R E H C A E T F O Y T L U C A F
Y T I S R E V I N U A M R A H D A T A N A S
A T R A K A Y G O Y
v i
u
o
Y
l
u
f
r
e
w
o
P
w
o
H
r
e
t
t
a
M
o
N
,
e
m
o
c
e
B
t
o
N
o
D
T
r
y
t
o
S
h
o
u
l
d
e
r
.
e
n
o
l
A
g
n
i
h
t
y
r
e
v
E
v
Y T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T S
k r o w e h t n i a t n o c t o n s e o d , n e tt ir w e v a h I h c i h w , s i s e h t s i h t t a h t e r a l c e d y lt s e n o h I
t p e c x e , e l p o e p r e h t o f o k r o w e h t f o s tr a p r
o thosectiedi n t hequotaiton sand t he .
d l u o h s r e p a p c if it n e i c s a s a , s e c n e r e f e
r
, a tr a k a y g o
Y 2Aprli2013
r e ti r W e h T
. L a k a S g n a m o K g n u g A k a n A
i v
N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E L
K K U T N U H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U
P EPENTINGANAKADEMIS
: a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U a w s i s a h a m a y a s ,i n i h a w a b i d n a g n a t a d n a tr e b g n a Y
a m a
N :AnakAgungKomangSakaL. :
a w s i s a h a M r o m o
N 081214136
n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s , n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n a b m e g n e p i m e D
a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n
U rmakarya limiahs ayayangbejrudul:
N I N E M O W F O S E L O R L A N O I T I D A R T T S N I A G A N O I L L E B E R S ’ U B M A T
S ’ A G B M E R A G N A D I S T I S
T NERVOUSCONDITIONS
n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . ) a d a a li b ( n a k u lr e p i d g n a y t a k g n a r e p a tr e s e b
a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e
k rma hak untuk menyimpan , n a l a k g n a p k u t n e b m a l a d a y n a l o l e g n e m , n i a l a i d e m k u t n e b m a l a d n a k h il a g n e m
u a t a t e n r e t n I i d a y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m , a t a d
a y a s i r a d n ij i a t n i m e m u lr e p a p n a t s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k k u t n u n i a l a i d e m
u p u a
m n membeirkan r oyatl ikepadasayaselamat etap mencantumkan namasaya .s
il u n e p i a g a b e s
. a y n r a n e b e s n a g n e d t a u b a y a s g n a y i n i n a a t a y n r e p n a i k i m e D
a tr a k a y g o Y i d t a u b i D
2 : l a g g n a t a d a
P Aprli2013
n a k a t a y n e m g n a Y
ii v T C A R T S B A .
L ,A .A. Komang Saka 0(2 1 .3) Tambu’ sRebelilon agains tTradiitona lRole s s ’ a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T n i n e m o W f
o Nervou sCondiitons Yogyakatra : h
s il g n
E LanguageEducaitonStudyProgram, Depatrmento fLanguageand n o it a c u d E s tr
A , Facutly o f Teacher s Training and Educaiton, Sanata . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D s i h
T study discusse sthe rebelilon so fsomefemale charactersagainstt he n i n e m o w f o s e l o r l a n o it i d a
rt Tstis iDangarembga’ s Nervou sCondiitons. Based w , l e v o n e h t n
o omen tg e unequal rteatmen tfrom the men as the head s o f u b m a T . y li m a f e h t n i s d l o h e s u o
h ,a sone o fthe female character sin the novel , n e m o w f o s e l o r l a n o it i d a rt e h t m o r f e e r f e b o t s t n a
w bythepat irarchalsystem.
h
T i sstudy i saimed at i dentfiying t he rtadiitonalr olestha twomen should o
l p m
e y and a t ifnding the reason sand the way so fthe main characte rrebel s . l e v o n e h t n i d e t c i p e d s a s e l o r e s o h t t s n i a g
a There are t hree problems propose d , y d u t s s i h t f o c i p o t e h t o t d e t a l e
r .ie. (1 )Wha tare the Zimbabwean rtadiitona l T n i n w o h s n e m o w f o s e l o
r stis iDangarembga’ sNervou sCondiitons?, (2 )Wha t t s n i a g a g n il l e b e r n i s n o s a e r s ’ u b m a T e r
a the rtadiitonalr ole so fwomen porrtayed ? l e v o n e h t n
i ,and 3( ) How doe sTambu rebe lagains tthe rtadiitona lrole so f ? l e v o n e h t n i d e y a rt r o p n e m o w s e s u y d u t s s i h
T ilbraryr esearcht oanalyzet heproblemsf ormulated .There . s e c r u o s y r a d n o c e s d n a y r a m ir p , s e c r u o s n i a m o w t e r
a Tstis iDangarembga’ s
s n o it i d n o C s u o v r e
N is t hep irmary source whliet he secondary source saret aken m
o r
f relevan tbook sand journal srelated to the ltierary theo ires .Some theo ire s x
e amined i nt hi sstudyarethec iritca lapproach, t her eviewon rtadiitonalr ole so f w e i v e r e h t , e w b a b m i Z n i n e m o
w on Shona’ swomen and patirarchalsystem, t he t s e w n o w e i v e r e h t d n a , e r u tl u c d n a n o it a z il a i c o s n o w e i v e
r erncolonizaiton .Due
y d u t s s i h t f o e m e h t e h t o
t si related to the social condtiion ,the wrtie ruse sthe o
i c o
s cutlural-histo ircalapproacht oexaminet henovel . l a n a e h t n o d e s a
B ysi ,st hi sstudy ifndsthewomenrole sw ereemployedby y
r e v
e womani nt heShonas ociety .Thoser olesarea s agoodwfie ,agoodmother , e r a s e l o r e s o h T . r e n n i w d a e r b a d n
a considered a sburdensomef o rwomen .Thati s o t m o d e e r f e h t t e g o t s t n a w e h S . s e l o r l a n o it i d a rt e h t t s n i a g a s l e b e r u b m a T y h w o f y a w d n a g n i h t t s e b e h t e n i m r e t e
d rherl fie .
e r a o h w s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t o t s n o it s e g g u s s r e f f o o s l a y d u t s s i h T s ’ a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T h ti w g n i k r o w n i d e t s e r e t n
i Nervou sCondiitons a sthei r
t c e j b o y d u t
s . Thi s study also provide s suggesiton s fo r Engilsh teacher s for h
c a e
t i ng Engilsh reading skill using Nervou sCondiitons a nd provide sa lesson f o h s il g n E g n i h c a e t r o f n a l
p gradeXI students yb using some excerpts from t he t
s a
l chapter fo Nervou sCondiiton sast heteachingmate ira.l
: s d r o w y e
ii i v A R T S B A K .
L ,A .A.KomangSaka. 0(2 1 .3) Tambu’ sRebelilonagains tTradiitona lRole so f s ’ a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T n i n e m o
W Nervou s Condiitons Yogyakatra : , i n e S n a d a s a h a B n a s u r u J , s ir g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P i d u t S m a r g o r P i n U , n a k i d i d n e P u m lI n a d n a u r u g e K s a tl u k a
F verstia sSanataDharma.
i d u t
S in imembahast entangpelrawanan dar ibeberapatokoh-tokoh wan tia l e v o n m a l a d a ti n a w l a n o i s i d a rt n a n a r e p p a d a h r e
t Nervou sCondiiton skaryaTstis i
. a g b m e r a g n a
D Wan tia dalam nove lin imengalam ipelrakuan yang berbeda dar i l
a r a
p elak isebaga ikepalar umah t anggad idalam keluarga .Tambu sebaga isalah i n i l e v o n i d a ti n a w u t a
s ingint erbeba sdar iperanan rtadisiona lwantiayangsanga t i
dpengaruh iolehsistempatirark.i i
d u t
S in ibetrujuanuntukmengidenit ifkasiperanan rtadisional wantiayang s
u r a
h dilakukandanuntuk menca iralasanbesetracarayang dliakukanolehtokoh a
m a t
u dalammelawanperanant ersebu tsepetr iyangdliukiskan dalamnove.l Ada u ti a y , i n i n a it il e n e p k i p o t n a g n e d t i a k r e t n a k l u s u i d g n a y h a l a s a m a g
it (1 )Apasaja
peranan rtadisiona lwantia Zimbabwe yang diperilhatkan dalam nove lNervou s s n o it i d n o
C karyaTstis iDangarembga?, (2 )Apasajaalasandar iTambu melawan l e v o n m a l a d n a k s i k u li d g n a y a ti n a w l a n o i s i d a rt n a n a r e
p ? 3, ( )BagaimanaTambu
l a n o i s i d a rt n a n a r e p n a w a l e
m wantiayangdliukiskandalamnovel?
i d u t
S in imenggunakan metode kaijan kepustakaan untuk menganailsa n a s u m u
r masalah .Adaduamacam sumbe ryang digunakan Nervou sCondiiton s i n i i s p ir k s a m a t u r e b m u s h a l a d
a ,sedangkan sumbe rsekunde rdidapa tdar ibuku
n a
d jurna lyang berkatian dengan teo ir-teor ikesusasrtaan .Beberapa teo ir yang h a l a d a n a k a n u g i
d k iritk sasrta, itnjauan tentang peranan-peranan rtadisiona l s n a d a ti n a w g n a t n e t n a u a j n it , e w b a b m i Z i d a ti n a
w istempatirark iShona ,itnjauan
n a d a y a d u b g n a t n e
t sosiailsasi ,dan itnjauant entangpenjajahan bara.t Pendekatan i r a d a m e t a n e r a k i n i l e v o n i j a k g n e m m a l a d n a k a n u g i d h a r a j e s n a d l a r u tl u k o i s o s a g n u b u h r e b i n i i s p ir k
s ndengankondisis osia.l.
n a n a r e p n a k u m e n e m i n i n a ij a k , n a k u k a li d g n a y s i s il a n a n a k r a s a d r e B
wantiayang haru sd liakukan oleh wantia d imasyaraka tShona .Peranan-peranan h a l a d a t u b e s r e
t menjad iisrt iyang baik ,ibu yang baik , dan pencar inafkah. t u b e s r e t n a n a r e
P dianggapmemberatkanbag iwantia.Inliahalasanyangmembua t d a rt n a n a r e p n a w a l e m u b m a
T isionalt ersebu.t Diai ngin mendapatkan kebebasan
l a h n a k u t n e n e m m a l a
d -ha ldanj alant erbaikuntukhidupnya.
n a y a y n t u j n a l e s i ti l e n e p a r a p i g a b n a r a s n a k r a w a n e m a g u j i n i i s p ir k S g l u d u jr e b g n a y a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T a y r a k l e v o n n a k a n u g g n e m k ir a tr e
t Nervou s
Condiiton ssebaga iobjek kaijan . Sk irps iini j uga menyediakan saran bag iguru r a j a g n e m k u t n u s ir g g n I a s a h a
b keahilan membaca bahasa Ingg ir smenggunakan
s u o v r e
N Condiitons dan menawarkan rencana pembelajaran untuk mengaja r X s a l e k s ir g g n I a s a h a
b I menggunakan cupilkan bab terakhi r dar i Nervou s
s n o it i d n o
C sebaga imater ipengajaran. i c n u k a t a
x i
D E L W O N K C
A GEMENTS
t s e t a e r g y m s s e r p x e o t e k il d l u o w I , ll a f o t s ri
F grattiude to the God
y t h g i m l
A fo rHi sblessings and mercy .Hi sguidance so reinforces me t ha t Ican .
s i s e h t s i h t h s i n if y ll a n if
y
M deepes tgrattiude og se ot my thesi sadviso ,r Henny Herawait ,S.Pd. , m
u H .
M . ,fo rhe rpaitence ,wliilngnes ,s ciritcisms ,and contirbuitonsin assisitng .
g n it ir w s i s e h t y
m Iwould ilket othankh erfort hevaluablesuggesiton sandi dea s .
s i s e h t y m e v o r p m i o t
Iexpres smy enormousgrattiudeto my beloved famliy ,especially Ajung a
r d n e h a M t u t e K . A .
A and Ibu Suryat iMahendra for t heri l ove ,suppo tr ,praye ,r a
t s r e d n u d n
a nding . Iapologizefo rmakingt hemwatif o rthist hesiss ol ong . Ialso e
k il d l u o
w to t hank mybrother sA.A .Bagu sSuryaP .and A.A .MadeHendraS . d
n a t r o p p u s r i e h t r o
f mo itvaiton . Iwould also ilke t o dedicate t hist hesi sfo rmy a m a T a y t a S s u g a B . A . A , w e h p e n y m d n a i r a w s e h a M t u t K u y A . A . A , r e t s i s e lt ti l
r i e h t r o
f cheerfulnesst ha thascomfo tredandencouraged meto ifnishthist hesi .s l
u o w
I d ilke to expres smy grattiude to al lo fthe lecturer so fEngilsh t
h g u a t e v a h o h w e m m a r g o r P y d u t S e g a u g n a
L , guided da n en irched mewtih new e
m m a r g o r p y d u t s s i h t n i y d u t s y m g n ir u d s e c n e ir e p x e d n a e g d e l w o n
k . Iwould
k n a h t o t e k il o s l
a al loft hesecretairatstaffs , ilbrarystaf fandal loft heemployee s .
y d u t s y m g n ir u d p l e h r i e h t r o f y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S n i
o t s k n a h t e r e c n i s y m s s e r p x e o t e k il o s l a d l u o w
I Drs .Ba lr iBram ,M.Ed. , ,
. D . h
P Vincen tNugroho ,S.Pd .and Jatmiko Yuwono ,S.Pd .fo rthei rpaitenc , e tr
o p p u
s , andmoitvaitoni n ifnishingt hist hesisbybecomingproofreaders. Iwould t
o t e k
il hank my bes tfirends Beriln Adi ,Bella Stasia ,Margareta Mia ,Michael i
n a
D ,Aj i‘Kojek ’fo raccompanying me i n my sad and happy ilve sat PBI .My thank goe sfo rthei r itme sin ilstening ,ciritcizing ,and supporitng me .I ti sa
e m r o f e m it e l b a u l a
v and Ihope t ha twe wli lhave a bette r itme i n t hefuture. I o
t k n a h t o s l a d l u o
w Father Richie ,Mas Yoko ,Selvi ,Yuantia ,Gliang ,and B iran g
n ir u d e g d e l w o n k g n ir a h s r o
x e
t a v it o m t a h t t r o p p u
s d me in ifnishing my thesis . Iwould ilke to thank Mas ”
p a c e K
“ , Selly ,Adam ,Dhtia ,Rean ,Ivon ,Ast ir ,Yosua, Beny ,Waku,l Riska , ,
a i L , i d i
W Aldhy , Adti , Tunggul , Paskails , and the other s fo r shairng the .s
e c n e ir e p x e
e d u ti t a r g y m s s e r p x e o s l a d l u o w
I t o Djendelo Kofife fo rbecoming my n
i s e c n e ir e p x e w e n n i a g o t s e c n a h c g n i v i g d n a ” e m o H d n o c e S
“ my lfie . Iwould
k n a h t o t e k
il Pak Kevin ,Pak Ampu ,Bimo ,Mas Hendra ,and Pak Imo tfo rthe oppo truntiy l earni ngnewexpe irencesi nDjendelo . Iwould alsot hanktheBairsta
, ” k e E “ a h tr a M , a d n a M , k o t n A , a l a G ; w e r
C Mayang ,Andin ,Dedes ,F rida ,Uchli , t
o d
A andal loft heBa irstast ha t Ihaveme tdu irngmyworkt here .
Myt hanks alsogotomybes tfirendsi nt hisl fiet ha thaveaccompaniedme r a j a F , o k o d n a H s u i n o t n A , i n a D s u t c i d e n e B , e m it s i h t l it n u d o o h d li h c y m e c n i s
n u g A , a y t e s a r
P g Kurniawan ,Danang A.W. ,and Wahyu Riyandhika fo rthe up s d
n
a downs fo lfie.I t hankt hemfo rsupporitngandmoitvaitngmet o ilvet heways .
e k a t
I Iwouldalso t hankMudikao fParok iBacrio ;Neno ,Ponge ,Gebol ,Yudha , . s e c n e ir e p x e w e n t e g o t e c a l p a e m g n i v i g r o f ,s r e h t o e h t d n a , g n o h A , i n a D s a
M I
o s l a d l u o
w ilket o show myprope rappreciaiton to al lo fmyf irendst ha tI canno t n
o it n e
m here one by one .I t hank t hem fo rbeing my firend sand supporitng my .
e fi l d n a y d u t
s
n i e m e d i s e b g n i d n a t s r o f i n ir A a il i s i S o t l u f e t a r g m a I , t s a e l t o n t u b t s a L
. e m it t s e d r a h y
m It hankherf ort hequaltiy itmewhen discussing everything and .
s i s e h t s i h t o s l
a It hank her so much fo rsupporitng me i n my d fiifcul t itmeand d
n i m e r s y a w l
a i ng met ha twha t Ichoosei st hebes tway .It hank rh e fort hel ove , .
g n i d n a t s r e d n u d n a , tr o p p u s
MayGodalway sblesst hemal.l
i x
TABLEOFCONTENTS Page
E G A P E L T I
T ... .... i P
A PROVALPAGES ... ii S
R E N I M A X E F O D R A O B F O E G A
P ... iii O
T T O
M ... vi Y
T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O S T N E M E T A T
S ... v I
S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E
P ... iv T
C A R T S B
A ... iiv K
A R T S B
A ... iiv i S
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... ix S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... xi S
E C I D N E P P A F O T S I
L ... iix i
H
C APTER II NTRODUCTION... .. 1 .
A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton ... 3 .
C Objecitveoft heStudy ... 4 .
D Benefti soft heStudy ... 4 .
E Deifniitono fTerms ... 5
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R I I R E T P A H
C ... 7
.
A Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires ... 7 .
1 Sociocutlural-Histo irca lApproach ... 7 2. Tradiitona lWomen’ sRole sinZimbabwe... 8 a. eP -r Colonia lZimbabweanWomen’ sRoles... .. 9
o C .
b lonia lZimbaweanWomen’ sRoles ... 01 .
3 Shona’ sPatirarchySystemandWomen ... 11 4. SociailzaitonandCutlure ... 13
.
ii x .
bCutlure. ... . ... 31 .
5 WesternColoniailsm... . 4 1 .
B Theo iritca lFramework. ... 5 1
Y G O L O D O H T E M I I I R E T P A H
C ... 18 .
A Objec toft heStudy ... 18 .
B Approachoft heStudy ... 02 .
C Methodoft heStudy ... 02
R E T P A H
C IVANALYSIS ... 22 .
A TheTradiitona lWomen’ sRole sa sPorrtayedi nNervou sCondiitons…… . 22 .
1 AGoodWfie... 3 2 .
2 AGoodMother... 42 r
e n n i w d a e r B A .
3 ... 52 .
B TheCause so fTambu’ sRebelilon sagains tTradiitona lRole so fWomen… 7. 2 .
1 Patirarcha lSystem ... 72 .
2 WesternColoniailsm... 03 .
C TheWay so fTambu’ sRebelilon sagains tTradiitona lRole so fWomen… 3.. 3 .
1 GetitnganEducaiton ... 43 .
2 Tambu’sAbsencef romHe rParents’ SecondWedding ... 36 .
3 Joiningt heSacredHear t ... 38
S N O I T S E G G U S D N A S N O I S U L C N O C V R E T P A H
C ... 14 .
A Conclusions ... 14 .
B Suggesitons... .. 44
S E C N E R E F E
R ... .. 74 S
E C I D N E P P
ii i x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
x i d n e p p
A Page
x i d n e p p
A A .P lotSummaryo fTstis iDangarembga’ sNervou sCondiitons .... 0.. 5 x
i d n e p p
A B .Tstis iDangarembga’ sBiography ... 55 x
i d n e p p
A C .TheCove ro fNervou sCondiitons ... 75 x
i d n e p p
A D .B ire fHistoryo fZimbabwe ... 85 x
i d n e p p
A E .LessonPlan ... 26 .
F x i d n e p p
A Mate iralf o rTeachers... . 1 7 .
G x i d n e p p
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T ifvepatrs .Thef ris tpatri st hebackground oft he f o e l a n o it a r e h t d n a l e v o n e h t g n i s o o h c r o f s n o s a e r e h t s e s s u c s i d t r a p s i h T . y d u t s
. n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t s i t r a p d n o c e s e h T . c i p o t e h
t Thi spar tpresent sthe
.l e v o n e h t n i d n u o f s m e l b o r
p Thet hrid pa tri stheobjecitve sof t hestudy ,which s
i tr a p h tr u o f e h T . y d u t s e h t f o m i a e h t s n i a l p x
e thebenefti soft hestudy .In t hi s s
e d i v o r p r e ti r w e h t ,t r a
p the informaiton on t hebenefti sfo rthe readers ,Engilsh f
e d e h t s i tr a p t s a l e h T . s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f d n a , s r e h c a e
t iniiton oft erms .Thi spar t s
n i a l p x
e thespeciifct erm susedi nt hi sstudy .Speciifct ermsi n t hi sstudy need t o .
g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t d e n if e d e b
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
a r o n a s i e r u t a r e ti
L land w irtten atr ,which expresse ssomeone’ sidea o r .
n o i g il e r r o , y h p o s o li h p , e r u tl u c o t d e t a l e r y ll a u s u s i tI . d n i
m Thegenres ro type s
y r a v s k r o w y r a r e ti l f
o int heway so fexpressingt hewrtiers’i dea .sRohrberge rand 1
7 9 1 ( s d o o
W ,p.19 )state that t here are fou rmodern l tierary genres .The genre s e
r
a sho trs to ires ,novels ,poems, andplays. ,
y d u t s s i h t n
I the genre chosen by the wrtie ri snovels. A nove lusually f
o y ti l a e r e h t s t n e s e r
p lfie ,which mco esf rom ti sauthor’ sexpe irences. Thus ,nove l s
r e d a e
r can discove r lfie lesson sfrom the vairou s condiiton s and stiuaiton s .l
e v o n e h t n i d e t n e s e r
p In The American Nove land tI sTradiiton ,Chase (1957 ) e
n if e
.l i a t e d e v i s n e h e r p m o c n i d n a y l e s o l c y ti l a e r s r e d n e r l e v o n e h
T tIt ake sa
o r
g upo fpeopleands etst hemgoingaboutt hebusines sofl fie. Wecome . e v it o m d n a t n e m a r e p m e t f o y ti x e l p m o c l a e r ri e h t n i e l p o e p e s e h t e e s o
t
, s s a l c l a i c o s ri e h t o t ,r e h t o h c a e o t , e r u t a n o t n o it a l e r e l b a c il p x e n i e r a y e h T
t s a p n w o r i e h t o
t (p .12). s
A co iety can bet hebackground fornoveilstst o wrtiet hei rstory .Therelfeciton e
v i g l li w y t e i c o s e h t d n a e fi l n a m u h f
o the illusrtaiton t o the noveilst st o make s
a h y t e i c o s y r e v E . y r o t s n w o r i e h
t dfiferen tdisitncitvef eatures .Novelr eader scan a
d n a n r a e
l cqurienewknowledgef rom thosespecialf eatures o rcharacteirsitcs in y
e h T . y t e i c o s
a canl earnt heprevaiilngcutlure ,norms, orr eilgionst ha texisti na ,
y t e i c o s a t u o b a n o it p ir c s e d a e v i g o t r e d r o n I . y t e i c o s n i a tr e
c a noveils tcanusean
l a u d i v i d n
i a a s model .Langland (1984 )states t ,“he lfexible detali sofi ndividua l ”
y t e i c o s r o f s m g i d a r a p l a r e v e s e h t e r o c s r e d n u p l e h s l e v o n n i s e it e i c o
s (p .6) .
n o s e s u c o f r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I Nervou sCondiiton sast henovelt o be s
e s i a r l e v o n s i h T . d e s s u c s i
d thei ssueo faRhodesian womanandhows hecan ilve .
y t e i c o s e h t n i e fi l r e
h Nervou sCondiiton si sa nove lw irtten by a Zimbabwean n
a m o
w ,Tstis iDangarembga .She wrote thi snove lin 1989 .The setitng o fthi s a
i s e d o h R . 0 6 9 1 , a i s e d o h R n i s i y r o t
s aw sone of the B iritsh’ scolonies .When n
i a t b o a i s e d o h
R edt hei ndependencei n 1980,i tchanged tisnamei ntoZimbabwe . .
y r o t s s i h t f o d n u o r g k c a b n i a m e h t s i n o it i d n o c l a i n o l o c s ’ e w b a b m i
Z Thi snove l
e h t y l n o t o n s e s s u c s i
d cutlureand thelfiesociety i n t hecolonia lcounrty ,bu talso e
h
t effo tr sfrom a woman named Tambu who srtuggle sto reach he rdreams ro e
ri s e
d s .Tambu ilve sin the Shona society where the patirarcha lsystem i sstli l T
. d e v r e s e r
Iti si nteresitngt oseet heeffo trs fromawomantor eachhe rdreams .From e
b n a c t ir i p s g n i d l e i y n u r e h , s e c n e ir e p x e s ’ u b m a
T so much inspiirng . The
. n o it i d n o c s i h t n i e v i v r u s o t u b m a T s e g a r u o c n e n o s r e p r e tt e b a e b o t s s e n g n il li w
n o it a c u d e t a h t s k n i h t u b m a
T ist hebes tway ou tfrom povetry .Actually ,because f
o thecoloniailsm andpat irarcha lsociety ,shecanno tobtaintheeducaitoneasliy . ,
s e d i s e B . e fi l r e h n i s e l c a t s b o y n a m e c a f o t s a h u b m a
T i f she violates the
l a n o it i d a
rt roles ,he rparent swli lsurelydisagreewtihhe.r Fristly ,herf athe rdoe s n
i a t b o o t u b m a T t n a w t o
n educaitoni naschool .Het hinkst ha tawomandoe sno t d
n o c e S . e fi w e s u o h a e b l li w e h s , r e t a l , e s u a c e b n o it a c u d e d e e
n ly ,he rmothe ralso
d n a e m o h t a y a t s o t u b m a T s t n a
w to help heri n t he ifelds .Tambu’ smothe rha s a
d n a b s u h r e h h ti w n o i n i p o e m a s e h
t nd she doe sno twan tto lose any chlidren e
r o m y n
a .She ha slos the r son , Nhamo . However , Tambu stli lrespect she r l
a n o it i d a
rt cutlure atlhough she want sto change her lfie fo rthe bette rone b y .
o d n e m s a n o it a c u d e g n i n i a tt a n i y ti n u tr o p p o l a u q e g n i n i a t b
o
. y r o t s s i h t f o r o t a r r a n e h t d n a r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r p e h t s i u b m a
T She
y r o t s e h t h g u o r h t s e c n e ir e p x e r e h s e t a r r a
n . Therefore ,thi sstudy focuse son the n
a e w b a b m i Z n i s e l o r s ’ n e m o w l a n o it i d a
rt d how Tambu rebel sagains t ti .The e
ir t r e ti r
w sto explore the topic because Tambu’ s effo tr sto se the rfree from r
e h g n ir b l li w y tr e v o
p t a o stiuaitoninopposing thewomen’sr olesinhers ociety .
.
B ProblemFormula iton
n o s e s u c o f y d u t s s i h
T three problems in orde rto make a systemaitca l ,
s i s y l a n
.
1 Wha tare the Zimbabwean rtadiitona lrole so fwomen shown in Tstis i s
’ a g b m e r a g n a
D Nervou sCondiitons? .
2 Wha tare Tambu’ sreason sin rebelilng agains tthe rtadiitona lrole so f ?
l e v o n e h t n i d e y a rt r o p n e m o w .
3 Howdoe sTambur ebe lagainstt he rtadiitonalr ole so fwomen porrtayedi n ?
l e v o n e h t
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy
e r a y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h
T drawn from the problem formulaiton d
e s o p o r
p .Fris,t t h is study aimst o identfiy t he rtadiitona lrole so fwomen i n the o
s cietyt ha ti sshowni nt henovel .Then,t hi sstudyaimst oexplore thereason sand t
s n i a g a g n il l e b e r n i u b m a T f o s y a w e h
t the rtadiitona lwomen’sr oles .
.
D Benefti soft heStudy
i y d u t s s i h
T sexpectedt oen ircht her eaders’ knowledgeof theZimbabwe’ s e h t e g a r u o c n e n a c y d u t s s i h t t a h t s e p o h r e ti r w e h T . n e m o w f o s e l o r l a n o it i d a rt
e t a l e r s k r o w y r a r e ti l r e h t o d a e r o t s r e d a e
r d to role so fwomen .Fo rthe Engilsh . l e v o n s i h t m o r f s l a ir e t a m g n i h c a e t p o l e v e d o t l u f e s u e b n a c y d u t s s i h t ,s r e h c a e t
t h s il g n E e h
T eacher scanuset hi snovelt o helpt hei rstudent sexploremate iral so r t
u o b a e g d e l w o n
k the rtadiitona lwomen’sr ole .sInaddiiton,t hewrtie rexpectst hi s g
n i y d u t s n i s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t e ri p s n i n a c y d u t
s Nervou sCondiitons .Future
y l a n a n a c s r e h c r a e s e
r zet hi snovelf romothe raspectsi nAfircabeside srtadiitona l s
a h c u s ,s e l o r s ’ n e m o
.
E Deifniitono fTerms
m o r f s r e d a e r e h t d i o v a o t r e d r o n
I misunderstanding,t woterm sneedt obe e
s o h T . d e n i a l p x
e termsarer ebelilonand rtadiitona lwomen’sr ole .s n
o d e s a
B The New Internaitona lWebster’ sComprehen isve Dicitonary o f e
g a u g n a L h si l g n E e h
t , rebela saverb meanst o r esis tany authortiyo restabilshed
s a l e b e r d r o w e h T . n o i s r e v a e c n e l o i v h ti w t c a e r o t r o e g a s
u anounmean sonewho
, n e h T . l e b e
r rebelilon refer sto the ac to fresisitng any authortiy o restabilshed it
c a e r r o e g a s
u ng wtih violenceaversion (1996, .p 1051) .In t hi sstudy ,rebelilon b
m i Z n i s e l o r s ’ n e m o w l a n o it i d a rt e h t g n it s i s e r n i n o it c a s ’ u b m a T o t s r e f e
r abwe.
. e l o r s ’ n e m o w l a n o it i d a rt s i m r e t d n o c e s e h
T Based on The New
e g a u g n a L h s il g n E e h t f o y r a n o it c i D e v i s n e h e r p m o C s ’ r e t s b e W l a n o it a n r e t n
I ,
n u o n a s a n o it i d a
rt meanst o the rtansmission o fknowledge ,opinions ,doct irnes , m
o r f , . c t e , s e c it c a r p , s m o t s u
c generaiton to generaiton ,o irginally by word o f T
. e l p m a x e y b d n a h t u o
m radiitona la san adjecitvemeanssomething t ha trelated o
t rtadiiton ( 1996 , 1 0p. 33 .) Linton state ,s “rolewli lbeusedt odesignatet hesum ti
w d e t a i c o s s a s n r e tt a p e r u tl u c e h t f o l a t o
t haparitcula rstatus . tIt husi ncludest he s n o s r e p l l a d n a y n a o t y t e i c o s e h t y b d e b ir c s a r o i v a h e b d n a , s e u l a v , s e d u ti tt a
d n a n e m f o s e l o r e h t , n e h T . ) 4 . p , 6 7 9 1 , e y N n i d e ti c s a ( ” s u t a t s e h t g n i y p u c c o
it t a , s e u l a v f o s n r e tt a p e h t s a d e d u l c n o c e b n a c n e m o
w tudes ,andbehaviort ha tare . y t e i c o s n i s u t a t s e h t y b d e if i c e p s e r a h c i h w , n e m o w d n a n e m o t d e t a n g i s e
d In t hi s
s e l o r l a n o it i d a rt , y d u t
s o f women refer to pattern so f values ,atttiudes , and n
e m o w r o f d e t a n g i s e d r o i v a h e
n o it a r e n e
g . tIencourage sTambut or ebelagainstthebehaviorand atttiudesi nt he r
o f y t e i c o
7
I I R E T P A H C
E
R
U
T
A
R
E
T
I
L
D
E
T
A
L
E
R
F
O
W
E
I
V
E
R
i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T st soft wo patrs .The fristi sreview o frelated t heo ires .
n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t d e s u s e ir o e h t e h t s n i a l p x e t r a p s i h
T s .Thi spar t
t s i s n o
c s fo theexplanaitons oft het heo iresr elatedt o t hi sstudy .They aretheo ire s
m o w n a e w b a b m i Z f o w e i v e r e h t d n a s e h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c f
o en’sr oles .Thesecond
s i tr a
p thetheoreitca lframework .I tgive sasummary oft het heo ire sused in t hi s
. y d u t s
.
A Reviewo fRelatedTheories
r o e h t e h t s t n e s e r p t r a p s i h
T ies ,which areusedt oconductt hi sstudy .They
s ’ n e m o w n a e w b a b m i Z f o w e i v e r e h t d n a h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c f o s e ir o e h t e h t e r a
. s e l o
r The c iritca lapproach i sused to revea lthe rtadiitona lwomen’ srole sin
e l o r s ’ n e m o w n a e w b a b m i Z f o w e i v e r e h t , n e h T . e w b a b m i
Z si sused to give
r e h tr u
f informaitonabou trtadiitona lwomen’sr olesi nZimbabwe.
.
1 Sociocutlural-Historica lApproach
e v if e r a e r e h t , ) 1 7 9 1 ( s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R o t g n i d r o c c
A ciritca l
e r a y e h T . s k r o w y r a r e ti l o t s e h c a o r p p
a the formails tapproach, t hebiographica l
l a r u tl u c o i c o s e h t , h c a o r p p
a -histo irca lapproach ,the mythopoeic approach ,and
a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h
n o s e s u c o f y d u t s s i h
T the rtadiitona lwomen’ srole sin the Shona o r
n a e w b a b m i
Z society . Thus , thi s study used sociocutlural-histo irca l a s the
l a r u tl u c o i c o S . h c a o r p p
a -histo irca lapproach i san approach tha tfocuse son the
1 7 9 1 ( s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R . g n i e b n a m u h f o y r o t s i h d n a e r u tl u c , y t e i c o
s )state
l a r u tl u c o i c o
s -histo irca lapproachasfollows:
c n e r e f e r n i s i k r o w l a e r e h t e t a c o l o t y a w y l n o e h
T et ot heciviilzaitont ha t
a f o s n o it c a d n a s e d u ti tt a e h t s a n o it a z il i v i c e n if e d y e h T . ti d e c u d o r p
s e d u ti tt a e s e h t s e k a t e r u t a r e ti l t a h t t u o t n i o p d n a e l p o e p f o p u o r g c if i c e p s
n
a daciton sa stiss ubjec tmatter( p .9 .)
Sociocutlura -hl isto irca l approach can be used to revea l aciton s and
. y t e i c o s e h t y b d e c u d o r p e r a t a h t s e d u ti tt
a Inaddiiton,i nt hi sapproach,t hereare
t s e r e t n i l a r o
m s tha texpress the authors ’idea s(p.10) .Rohrberge rand Woods
) 1 7 9 1
( state some example srelated to mora linterest ,“The humanists ,fo r
n i n e m s t c e f f a t a h t e fi l f o m s i c it ir c a s i e r u t a r e ti l t a h t w e i v e h t e k a t , e l p m a x e
d n a , t n i a rt s e r ,r e d r o f o s e u l a v e h t s s e r p x e d l u o h s e r u t a r e ti l t a e r g t a h t d n a , y t e i c o s
.) 0 1 . p ( ” y ti n g i d n a m u
h Therefore, t hi sapproach can exploret he morali nteres t
. l e v o n e h t m o r f y t e i c o s e h t f o e u l a v d n a
.
2 Tradiitona lWomen’ sRolesinZimbabwe
t , y ll a r e n e
G radiitona lrole so fwomen can be de ifned a sthe atttiudes ,
s e u l a
v , and behavior s o f women in society . Turne r states “cooking ,
e l o r e r a c d li h c d n a , g n i p e e k e s u o
h susually are associated wtih the posiiton o f
n o s d u H . ) 5 . p , 6 7 9 1 , e y N n i d e ti c s a ( ” r e h t o m r o / d n a e fi
w -Weems(2004) states
r e n n i w d a e r b d n a , r e n tr a p , r e h t o m f o s e l o r e l p ir t m r o fr e p n a c n e m o w t a h
t (p .67) .
o d y ll a u s u t a h t s e l o r e m o s e r a s e l p m a x e e s o h
Then , in orde r to explore the speciifc rtadiitona lrole s o f women in
, e w b a b m i
Z Cheater (1986) wrties the role s o f women in Pre-Colonia l and
e m it l a i n o l o
C asf ollows:
.
a P -reColonia lZimbabweanWomen’ sRoles
h c a e B o t g n i d r o c c
A , “the relaiton s o f produciton in pre-colonia l
a b m i
Z bweseems t ha twomen wereexcluded from access t o l and i n t hei rown
d e ri u q e r e s r u o c f o h c i h w ( k c o t s e v il n i t s e v n i d i d d n a d l u o c y e h t h g u o h tl a , t h g ir
d e ll i k s n w o r i e h t f o s d e e c o r p e h t , ) e z a r g o t h c i h w n o d n a
l labo r in non
-s ti u s r u p l a r u tl u c ir g
a ” (a sctied in Cheater ,1986 ,p.66) .Beach and Mackenzie
e t a t
s a“ tlhough women wereeconomicallyacitvei nag ircutlura la swel la scraf t
e h t l o rt n o c t o n d i d y e h t , s e r o t s n i a r g r e v o l o rt n o c e m o s d a h d n a , n o it c u d o r p
f o s n a e
m producitoni nag ircutlureandmetallurgy ,buti nsteadprovidedmucho f
n o it a p u c c o e s e h t r o f d e ri u q e r r o b a l e h
t s”( a sctiedi nCheater ,1986 ,p.66) .
e s i c r e x e d i d n e m o w a n o h S , r e v e w o
H fromt heauthortiy i n otherr oles :a s
u a d r i e h t r e v o y ll a i c e p s e , s r e h t o
m ghters ; a s producer s o r service-worker s
( s ll i k s l a i c e p s g n i s s e s s o
p fo rexample ,i n po ttery o rheailng) ,overt heproceed s
m o h w r o f s r e t h g u a d d e ir r a m f o s r e h t o m s a ; k r o w n w o r i e h t f
o room had been
y tr e p o r p s a t u B . y tr e p o r p r e v o , d i a
p -owners ,womenexpe irencedmoredfi ifcutly
y ti r o h t u a r i e h t g n i s a e r c n i n i n e m n a h
t through accumulaitngpropetry .Ho lleman
d n
i icates ,wtih r espectt ot hecolonia lpeirod ,“moreo tfen t han nott heessenita l
d o o l b r e h t o d n a n e r d li h c r e h f o s d e e
n -relaitve swli lforce hert o dispose o fhe r
e r o f e b k c o t
s they have had itmet o i ncrease”(a sctied i n Cheater ,1986 ,p.66) .
c o t s e v il r i e h t m o r f s d e e n h c u
s k :ce trainlyt odaymother swli lgot oexrtaordinary
o t s h t g n e
l keep t hei rchlidreni nschoo,l l ong atfert hei rhusband shavegivenup
. h s a c y r a s s e c e n e h t d n if o t g n i y rt
.
b Colonia lZimbabweanWomen’ sRoles
y n a
M externa l factors from rtadiitona l society in lfuence indigenou s
. d o ir e p l a i n o l o c e h t g n ir u d n e m o
w According to Holleman, e“ ducaiton ,
n o it a z i n a b r u , s n w o t e h t o t n o it a r g i
m
,
and reilgiou s conversion al l affectedr e g r a l ,s e il i m a f r i e h t n i s e l o r s ' n e m o
w kin groupings ,and t heeconomy .Poilcy
o h r o l e h c a b y lt n a n i m o d e r p f o n o i s i v o r p e h t n i . g . e
( usingonmine sandi nt owns )
d e n i b m o c e r e
w wtihfamliyatttiudes( e.g .concerning t her elaitvebeneftist o be
) s lr i g o t d e s o p p o s a s y o b g n it a c u d e m o r f d e n i a
g to decrease female exposure
d n
a femaleforce so fchange”( a sctied i n Cheater ,1986 ,p.71).Womenalso had
o h d n a l n i s m e l b o r
p lding. Cheate r(1986 )states ,“women’s l andholding swere
e n
o -thrid t hesizeoft hemen…theholding tisel fwa sregistered i n t he nameo f
e r e w y li m a f e h t f o s r e b m e m e t a n i d r o b u s f o s g n i d l o h k c o t s e v il e h t … d n a b s u h e h t
t r e d n u g n il l a f s a d e d r a g e r ) e r a l li t s d n a
( hej u irsdiciton of t hehouseholdhead”
1 7 . p p
( -72) .Women’ s irght sto land in thi ssociety are stli l ilmtied and the
. n e m r o v a f s w a l e l b a c il p p a
Cheater( 1986 )statest ha tt eh ser i awisht ol ooka tnewf orm so fprope try ,
d l o h e e r f g n i d u l c n
i land ,which was in pre-colonia l itmesf oreign t o Zimbabwe' s
e r u tl u c l a n o it i d a
rt ;and a tnew l aws .Cheate raddst hat t hose form so fpropetry
g n i n r e v o g s w a l e h t d n
a c s e o t d e t c e p x e n e e b e v a h , e r o f e r e h t ,t h g i
m peclassiifcaitona s“customary” , rfo
, e l p m a x
e Ch irsitan marirages ;bu tthe naitve people stli lconsidered thi sa s
) 2 7 . p ( ” y r a m o t s u c
“ . In addiiton ,Hunte r(1973 )states ,“bu tsince the era o f
e m o w , m s il a i n o l o
c nhavebeenplacedonlowerr ung soft heproverbiall adder by
s i h t s e z i s a h p m e h c i h w , n o it a z il a b o l g w o n d n a , m s il a ti p a c f o s e c r o f t n a n i m o d e h t
d n a s e l o r f o n o it a z il a t n e m tr a p m o c d n a y ti r o ir e p u s , r e w o p r o f d e e n
fi d h ti w s e it il i b i s n o p s e
r feren tvalue sattachedt ot hem” (p.94 .)
Fo raddiitona linformaiton ,there i sinformaiton tha tthe wrtie robtain s
t u o b a s w e N C B B d n a a g b m e r a g n a D i s ti s T n e e w t e b w e i v r e t n i n a m o r
f role o f
5 0 0 2 , 6 2 h c r a M n o n e m o
w (http://new .sbbc.co.uk/2/h/iaf irca/4370007s.tm .)
s a g b m e r a g n a
D t s ate thatt her oleo fAf ircan womenha sno tchangedmuch :only
d e g n a h c s i t a h t t x e t n o c e h
t . Women role sare stli lbea rchlidren, make and
ri e h t n r a e , s e m o h e g a n a
m ilving ,contirbutet ot her unningofs ociety .Int hepos t
, e g a n o it a m r o f n i n r e d o
m women are coping wtih new problem so fisolaiton ,
g n i s a e r c n i e h t d n a s m e t s y s t r o p p u s d n a s k r o w t e n l a n o it i d a rt f o n o it a r g e t n i s i d
. e fi l f o e c a
p Dangarembga also state s tha t women are no t o tfen given
h t k r o w g n i d n a t s t u o r o f n o it i n g o c e
r eydoi nt hei r ifelds .Thi skindofr ecogniiton
n i m o d e l a m y b d e s u a c y lt n e u q e r f s
i aitoni nt he ifelds ,bu talsot hejealousyfrom
n e m o w r e h t
o andl acko funtiyamongwomen.
.
3 Shona’ sPatriarchal sSy t emandWomen
Shona i sa tirbe in Zimbabwe .Bourdillon (1987) states tha tthe Shona
p i h s n i
d e s s e rt
s ove rkinship t hrough f emale .sWhenaShonaman o rwomanwishest o
t c e p s e r w o h
s to each other ,heo rsheuse s rtadiitona lclannamesi nhertied f rom
t a r ( r e h t a f s ’ n o s r e p t a h
t he rsimlia rto Engilsh names) .These name sclealry
d n a e n il e l a m e h t h g u o r h t d e t a l e r e r a o h w n i k l a e n il ir t a p f o s p u o r g h s i u g n it s i d
e s n o
c quenltyhavet hes ameclanname( pp 1 . -2 2 2 .)
Walby (1990 )men itons pat irarchy sa a system o fsocia lsrtucture sand
a r
p citce s in which men dominate , oppress, and exploi t women (p . 20).
g n i d r o c c
A to Tierney (1999) ,patirarchy i sthe creaiton and relfeciton o fan
d lr o w e h t f o w e i v e n il u c s a m y l e v i s u l c x
e . Pat irarchy also intend sto render
a s e c n e ir e p x e s ’ n e m o
w nd women’ s perspecitve intangible . Patirarchy then
f o y h c r a r e i h a g n i h s il b a t s e , r e h t o e h t r e v o r i a p h c a e f o e d i s e n o s r o v a f
n e v i g s i e l a m e h t h ti w d e t a i c o s s a s i t a h w h c i h w n i s n o it a c if i s s a l
c morep irortiy
n a h
t whatr epresentst hef emale .Thus, pat irarchyestabilshe smale dominancei n
t n u o c c a c i s a b s
ti oft he wo lrd and ti sstandard o fknowledgeand j udgment ,a s
ll e
w asi n ti sconcretei nsttiuitonandpracitce .Actually ,women’ sexpeirence sa s
a n i g r a
m ilzed wtihin patirarchy can encourage more determined aritculaiton o f
r i e h
t point s o f view. Women’ sexpeirence s are ve oking a se t o ffeminis t
.) 9 4 0 1 . p ( w e i v l a h c r a ir t a p t n a n i m o d e h t e g n e ll a h c o t e s ir a t a h t s e s r u o c s i d
Montagu (1953 )think sthat women in the pat irarchal system face rtati s
e r a t a h
t att irbuted t o t heNegro att hepresen t itme. Those rtati swereburdened
n e m o
w fo r many generaitons . Women are considered a s the second-clas s
. y t e i c o s l a h c r a ir t a p f o s n e z it i
c Montagu also consider stha twomen ,w ho w ere
, d e g e ll
I . e l b a t s n u d n a l a n o it o m
e n a cirsis ,people could alway srely upon women to
e m o c e b o t r o n e k a e
w helpless .Women wereweakand sicklycreatures .Women
tt il d a
h lej udgmen tandl es ssense .Womencould no tbeenrtusted wtih handilng
A . y e n o m f
o sf ort hewo lrdoutside,t herewomen couldbeemployed onlyatt he
mos tmenia landr ouitneoft asks( p .21 .)
.
4 Sociailza itonandCutlure
s n i a l p x e ) 7 9 9 1 ( y e s d n i
L thet ermo fcutlureandt hewayi tpassedont ot he
3 5 . p p ( t x e
n -54 )asf ollows:
.
a Sociailza iton
l a i c o
S izaiton can be deifned a s the lfielong proces s through which
e m o c e b d n a , l a it n e t o p n a m u h r i e h t p o l e v e d , e r u tl u c r i e h t n r a e l s l a u d i v i d n i
f o s r e b m e m g n i n o it c n u
f the society . A s a ciritca l proces s in socia l lfie ,
s e ri u q e r n o it a z il a i c o
s socia l interaciton . Sociailzaiton recognize s society’ s
e l a m t u o b a r o i v a h e b d n a s f e il e b e h t s d l o m h c i h w e r u tl u
c -femaleandmascu ilne
-e n i n i m e
f . Cutlurein lfuences human’ sdevelopmen tandcharacterf orming.
.
b Cutlure
A cutlure involve stota lway o flfie o fa given society . tI include sboth
.s t c e p s a l a ir e t a m n o n d n a s t c e p s a l a ir e t a
m Theexamples o fmateira laspect sare
li u
b ding sandbook .sTheexample so fnonmateira laspect sarereilgionandr oles .
Cu tlure de ifne swhich behavio rpattern sare considered approp irate .Indeed ,
e r u tl u
t x e n e h t o t s t n e m e l e l a r u tl u c l a it n e s s e g n it ti m s n a rt n o it a r e n e g h c a e h ti w , s g n i e b
s i y li m a f e h t f o n o it u ti t s n i e h t , e l p m a x e r o F . n o it a z il a i c o s h g u o r h t n o it a r e n e g
s d o o h d li h c r o f e l b i s n o p s e
r ociailzaiton which i sconitnued wtih insttiuiton o f
s n o it u ti t s n i r e h t O . n o it a c u d
e tha t also have responsiblitiy to conitnue the
e r a n o it a z il a i c o
s reilgion , government , economy , and evolving leisure and
h ti w n o it u ti t s n i l a n o it a e r c e
r mediaf ocu .s
.
5 WesternColonia ilsm
According to Neli l(1966) ,there are ifve catego ire sto classfiy western
n o i s s e r g g
a (p.12):
.
a Po ilitca laggressionhasr esutledi nt hedisappearanceo fancientt heo ire sand
s m o d g n i
k – the Mogul so fDelh ibefore the B iritsh ,the many raja so f
d n
I onesiabeforet heDutch.
.
b Economic aggression ha sdesrtoyed old and carefully balanced system so r
d e tl u s e r s a h d n a , n o it a z i n a g r
o in t hewholesale disappearance o f rtadiitona l
.s n o it a z il i v i c t n e i c n a l u fi t u a e b d n a d e n r o d a h c i h w , s tf a r c d n a s tr a f o s ll i k s
.
c oS cia laggression ha s rtespassed on t he most i nitmatearea so fpersona and
r e d r o t n e i c n a e h t g n it t e s p u , e fi l y li m a
f o fthe relaitonship between sexes ,
. n e r d li h c d n a s t n e r a p n e e w t e b
.
d Intellectua laggression ha sparalyzedt hecreaturepower so fgrea tnaiton sby
g n i s o p m i d n a , n o it a c u d e f o s m e t s y s n e il a o t n o it a r e n e g g n i s ir e h t g n it c e j b u s
d n if t o n n a c e l p o e p n a c ir f A d n a n r e t s a e h c i h w n i t h g u o h t f o s e ir o g e t a c
.
e Themission saret hedriectt hreatt o t hoser eilgiousi nsttiuiton son which lla
n e i c n
a tcutlure saref ounded, andbywhicht heyareheldt ogether—themos t
s i h t e c n i s , n o i s s e r g g a f o s m r o f l l a f o s u o r e g n a
d stirke sat t hevery hear to f
y r o t s i h a h ti w e l p o e p s a e c n e t s i x e r i e h t s r e g n a d n e d n a s n o it a n e h
t and a
. y n it s e d
s d d a l li e
N thatt hemission swouldno thavebeenverydangerou sfit heyhadno t
s n o it a n g n ir e u q n o c e h t f o r e w o p l a c i s y h p e h t h ti w e c n a il l a t s e s o l c e h t n i e m o c
p
( p . 21 -13) .Coloniailsm mos timpo tran tarea o fdominaiton i sthe menta l
e s r e v i n
u o fthe colonized .They conrto lcutlure ,the way of people perceive
m e h
t selve sandt herir elaitonshipwtiht hewo lrd .
.
B Theoreitca lFramework
s e s u c o f y d u t s s i h
T ont herebelilon againstt he rtadiitonalr ole so fwomen .
F tris ,in orde rto analyze the novel ,the wrtie rneed sto use an approp irate
p
a proach to ltierary ciritcism . There are ifve approache s proposed by
, e s a c s i h t n i ; s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o
R thesociocutlural-histo irca lapproach i st he
e n o e t a ir p o r p p
a .Thi sapproach focuse son the society ,cutlure, and history o f
g n i e b n a m u
h ,s ucha sthe rtadiitonalr ole so fwomeni nZimbabweans ociety.
n o s w e i v e r , d n o c e
S Zimbabwean women’ s role s in pre-colonia l and
l a i n o l o
c are also used . These review s help the wrtie r to understand the
e h t n i s e l o r s ’ n e m o w l a n o it i d a rt e h t f o d n u o r g k c a
b novel .Thewrtie rusest hese
s w e i v e
r because the fris tproblem i n t hi sstudy i sabout t he rtadiitona lrole so f
i , n e h
T nordert o ifnd et h cause sandt heway so fTambur ebels againstt he
s e l o r l a n o it i d a
rt o fwomen ,some review srelated to Zimbabwean society are
u o s l
a sed .Thef ristr eview i sShona’ spatirarchal system andwomen .Thereare
p e m o
s urpose so fusingt hatr eview. Thef risti st ohelpt hewrtie rtounderstand
y o l p m e y t e i c o s a n o h S t a h
t sthepatirarchalsystems .Shonapeoplearet hemajo r
n i e b ir
t Nervou sCondiitons .The second i sto understand the deifniiton o f .s
tr e p x e e h t m o r f y h c r a ir t a
p Walby’ sexplanaitononpatirarchalsystemhelpst he
r e ti r
w to understand wha tpatirarchy is .Here ,patirarchy i sone o ft he factors
. n e m o w f o s e l o r l a n o it i d a rt e h t e c n e u lf n i t a h
t The th rid i sto know tha tthe
l a h c r a ir t a
p system in lfuences on women’ s ilves .Montagu states tha twomen
d n o c e s s a t n e m t a e rt o g r e d n
u -clas sciitzen sfrom itme to itme in patirarchy
. y t e i c o
s Tambu and othe rwomen expe irence ti in the novel .They expeirence
. e l p o e p e ti h w f o m s i c a r d n a y h c r a ir t a p f o n o i s s e r p p o r e d n e g
s i w e i v e r d n o c e s e h
T abou tt che u tlure and ti ssociailzaiton .Thi sreview
w o h d n a e u l a v e r u tl u c n i d e d u l c n i s g n i h t t a h w s n i a l p x
e thoset hing saret augh t
. s n o it a r e n e g t x e n o
t Tradiitona lrole so fwomen in Shona society are par to f
T . e r u tl u
c ambu ,a sporrtayed thenovel ,shouldemployt hi spar to fcu tlure. She
t i s y o l p m
e inaccordancewtiht heexampleo fhe rmother.
, d ri h
T review o f the western coloniailsm explain s the impact s o f
. n o it a z i n o l o
c Int hi snovel ,theB iritshcolonizes Rhodesia .Therearet endencies
W m o r
f estern ,including B iritsh, to colonize a new area when they ifnd tha t
s l a it n e t o p d o o g s a h e c a l
l e v o n s i h t g n i z y l a n
a .Thi sreview h s elp to understand t heform so fcoloniailsm
.l e v o n e h t n i r u c c o t a h t s t c e f f e s ti d n
8 1
I I I R E T P A H C
Y G O L O D O H T E M
s i n o it c e s t s ri f e h T . s n o it c e s e e r h t f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
