A THESIS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RAFT AND TREE STRATEGIES IN
TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT TENTH
GRADERS
NUR ARDIANA SHOLEHATI NIM. 20121111036
THE ADVISORS
ArmeriaWijaya, SS., M.Pd. Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Pd.
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
2016
um
surabaya
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RAFT AND TREE STRATEGIES IN
TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT TENTH GRADERS
(An Experimental Research to the Tenth Grade Students of SMA Wachid
Hasyim 1 Surabaya in the academic year 2015/2016)
SKRIPSI
Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat
Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan
NUR ARDIANA SHOLEHATI
NIM 20121111036
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURABAYA
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING
Skripsi yang ditulis oleh Nur Ardiana Sholehati ini telah disetujui oleh dosen
pembimbing untuk diujikan tanggal 16 Agustus 2016.
Dosen Pembimbing Tanda Tangan Tanggal
I. Armeria Wijaya, S.S., M.Pd. ………. ………..….
II. Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Pd. ………. ……..…….
Mengetahui:
Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN
Skripsi ini yang ditulis oleh Nur Ardiana Sholehati telah diuji dan dinyatakan sah
oleh Panitia Ujian Tingkat Sarjana (S1) Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
sarjana pendidikan, pada tanggal 16 Agustus 2016.
Dosen Penguji Tanda Tangan Tanggal
I. Armeria Wijaya, S.S., M.Pd. ………. ………….
II. Vega Hesmatantya, S.Pd., M.Pd. ………. ………….
III. Drs. Wijayadi, M.Pd. ………. ………….
Mengetahui:
Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya,
Dekan,
PERNYATAAN TIDAK MELAKUKAN PLAGIAT
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:
Nama : Nur Ardiana Sholehati
NIM : 20121111036
Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Fakultas : Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Menyatakan bahwa Skripsi/KTI/Thesis yang saya tulis ini benar-benar
tulisan karya sendiri bukan hasil plagiat, baik sebagian maupun keseluruhan. Bila
kemudian hari terbukti hasil plagiat, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi
akademik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.
Surabaya, 5 Agustus 2016
Yang membuat pernyataan,
ACKNOWLEDGE
All praise and gratitude belong to The Almighty Allah SWT for the
blessing, guidance, and spiritual force so I can finish this final project. Peace and
prayers be upon to the final prophet and messenger, Muhammad SAW who leads
us out of the darkness into the light. Alhamdulillah, I could accomplish this final project entitled “The Effectiveness of RAFT and TREE Strategies in Teaching Writing Descriptive Text at Tenth Graders”.
There are many obstacles and difficulties in completion this final project
because of the limits of knowledge, information, and reference books. However, it
does not matter because there are some people who help and support me in
finishing this research. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to:
1. Dr. M. Ridlwan, M.Pd., as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty.
2. Sulton Dedi Wijaya, S.Pd., as the Head of English Education Department.
3. Armeria Wijaya, S.S., M.Pd. and Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Pd., as the
Honorable Advisors who always motivate, support, and advise me during the
process of writing this final project.
4. Dra. Hj. Kustini as the Head Master of SMA Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya who
gave me permission to organize the research in SMA Wachid Hasyim 1
Surabaya.
5. Christina Hajar Sesanti, S.Pd., as the English Teacher of Wachid Hasyim 1
Surabaya who always gives her time and helps me in doing this research in
her classes.
6. My beloved family, Dad (alm. Pargiyanto), Mom (Cutmiyati), Sister (Nissa),
and Brother (Rizky), who always pray for me, give the best support, advice,
motivations, and encouragement to me. I was nothing without them.
7. My lovely friend, Rafeeq who always supports and prays for me in order to
finish this final project well.
8. My best friend, Fatkhun Nikma who always gives her available time to share
9. All of my friends, especially Wilda, Nadia, Kiki, Mbak Tanti, Riska, Debby,
Gita, Endah, Atik, Anis M, and Putri, who always support me during
completing this final project.
10.All of my classmates, thanks for the precious four year friendship we shared
together. Keep on fire!
11.Me myself. Thanks for struggling this far, I truly believe in you. Just keep
silent, do, and prove to them!
The researcher realizes that this final project is far from perfection. So, all
criticism, suggestion, and constructive ideas are expected and needed in order to
make it better. Finally, the researcher hopes that this final project would be useful
for the readers.
Surabaya, August 5, 2016
The researcher,
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ... i
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ... iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ... iv
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ... v
ABSTRACT ... vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Research ... 1
1.2Research Question ... 4
1.3Hypothesis ... 4
1.4Purpose of the Research ... 4
1.5Significance of the Research ... 5
1.6Scope and Limitation of the Research ... 5
1.7Definition of Key Term ... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Writing... 7
2.2 Writing Process ... 8
2.3 Types of Writing Text ... 9
2.4 Descriptive Text ... 10
2.5 Teaching Writing ... 11
2.6 RAFT and TREE Strategies in Teaching Writing Descriptive Text ... 12
2.7 The Previous Study ... 14
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Method ... 17
3.2 Research Design ... 17
3.3 Research Variables ... 19
3.5 Subject of the Research ... 20
3.5.1 Population ... 20
3.5.2 Sample ... 20
3.6 Research Instruments ... 22
3.6.1 Test ... 22
3.6.1.1 Pretest ... 22
3.6.1.2 Posttest ... 23
3.6.2 Tryout ... 23
3.6.2.1 Validity of Tryout Test Instrument ... 23
3.6.2.2 Reliability of Tryout Test Instrument ... 25
3.6.3 Questionnaire ... 27
3.6.4 Rubric Assessment ... 28
3.7 Data Collection Technique ... 29
3.8 Procedure of the Research ... 30
3.9 Data Analysis Technique ... 31
3.9.1 Normality Test ... 32
3.9.2 Homogeneity Test ... 33
3.9.3 T-Test Calculation ... 33
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Result ... 35
4.1.1 Reliability of Pretest ... 35
4.1.2 Reliability of Posttest ... 37
4.2 Data Analysis ... 38
4.2.1 Normality Test ... 38
4.2.2 Homogeneity Test ... 40
4.2.3 T-test Calculation ... 41
4.2.3.1 T-test Calculation of Pretest ... 41
4.2.3.2 T-test Calculation of Posttest ... 44
4.2.3.3 Paired Sample T-Test ... 46
4.2.4 Eta Squared ... 46
4.2.5 Questionnaire ... 47
4.3 Discussion ... 50
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF CHART
LIST OF APPENDICES
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