rd
THE 3 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION
AISTEEL
AND
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Supported and Coordinated by:
Postgraduate School
State University of Medan
North Sumatera, Indonesia
Organized by:
Indexing By :
PROCEEDINGS
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan - Indonesia
03-04 October 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
2018
i
Proceedings of The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on
Transformative
Education
and
Educational
Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018)
“
Education, Learning, and Leadership Innovation
”
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia
October 3-4, 2018
Editorial Board
Editorial-in-Chief
Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si (State University of Medan, Unimed)
Deputy Editor
Dr. Saronom Silaban, M.Pd (State University of Medan, Unimed)
International Advisory Board / Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Kala Saravanamuthu (University of Newcastle, Australia)
Prof. Arjen EJ Wals (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)
Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd (Unimed, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Aytekin Isman (Sakarya University, Turkey)
Prof. Peter Charles Taylor, Ph.D., Med., B.Sc., Dip.Ed (Murdoch University, Australia)
Prof. Dr. Mukhlas Samani, Ph.D (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Jailani bin Md. Yunos (University Tun Hussein on Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusuf (UTM, Malaysia)
Assoc. Prof. Dr Pedro Isaias (University of Queensland, Australia)
Assoc. Prof. Elisabeth Taylor, Ph.D (Murdoch University, Australia)
Dr. Bambang Sumintono, M.Ed (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)
Dr. Isma Widyaty, M.Pd (UPI, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Syahrul R, M.Pd (UNP, Indonesia)
Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D (Unimed, Indonesia)
Assoc. Prof. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd (Universitas Negeri Semarang)
ii
Proceedings of the 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education
and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018)
Preface
The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018) was held in Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City-Indonesia on 3-4 October 2018.
This seminar is organized by Postgraduate School, Univesitas Negeri Medan and become a routine
agenda at Postgraduate program of Unimed now.
The AISTEEL is realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from
universities both in and out of Indonesia participating in, the seminar with
theme “Education,
Learning and Leadership Innovation.”
The plenary speakers coming from various provinces in Indonesia have been present topics covering
multi disciplines. They have contributed many inspiring inputs on current trending educational
research topics all over the world. The expectation is that all potential lecturers and students have
shared their research findings for improving their teaching process and quality, and leadership.
The third AISTEEL presents a keynote speaker and 4 distinguised invited speakers from Australia,
Singapore, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private
Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are those who have sat and will sit in
the oral defence examination.
There are 326 articles submitted to committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions,
and others are presented through posters. The articles have been reviewed by double blind reviewer
and 198 of them were accepted for published by Atlantis Press indexed by International Indexation.
Meanwhile 83 papers were published in online International Proceedings indexed by Google Scholar.
The Committees of AISTEEL invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the
conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.
Grateful thanks to all of members of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative
Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) for their outstanding contributions. Thanks
also given to Universitas Negeri Medan for published this volume.
The Editors
iii
Table of Contents
Titles and Authors
page
Design of Physical Practicum Tools on Rotational Dynamics Matter with
Scientific Concept
1
Fretty Doharni Ritonga; Nurdin Bukit; Betty M.Turnip...
Analysis of the Leading Sector and Its Effect on the Economy in Pakpak Bharat
Regency
6
Dinar Melani Hutajulu; M. Nasir; Arwansyah
...Analyze the Characteristic and Factors Cause of Bullying Behaviours in Early
Childhood
12
Fadhilah Syam Nasution; Anita Yus; Aman Simaremare...
Play Finger Painting in Creative Art Model to Help Smooth Motoric
Development and Creativity of Group a in Kindergarten at Aek Loba Pekan
Village
18
Lola Wita Harahap; Sri Milfayetty; Rosmala Dewi...
Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by Gayonese Minority Migrants in
Jabodetabek
22
Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Berlin Sibarani...
Effect of Functional Training and TRX Suspension Training on Body
Composition member Golden Fitness and Spa
26
Rafliansyah; Nurhayati Simatupang; Albadi Sinulingga...
Interpersonal Metaphor Used in the Boss Baby Movie
29
Khairuni Syafitri; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Speech Act in Indonesia Lawyers Club: KPK vs Novanto
32
Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar; Zainuddin; Busmin Gurning...
The Effect of Instructional Strategy and Style Ofthinking Secuential on Students
Outcome MAN Medan
36
Siti Aisyah Hanim; Tiur asih siburian; Darwin...
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Self Efficacy on Student
Mathematics Learning Outcomes
39
Sabdo Puji Rahayu; Mukhtar; Keysar Panjaitan...
Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts for Senior High School
English Textbooks
43
Diemam Ferzhawana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Zainuddin...
Effect of Soft Modification on Student Learning Results PAB 13 Kwala Begumit
Private Vocational School
47
Iskandar Fahmi...
Differences in Metacognitive Ability of Students Through Learning Realistic
Mathematics Education and Problem Based Learning in Pangkalan Susu Senior
High School
51
Chairi Mutia Lubis; Waminton Rajagukguk; Kms.M.Amin Fauzi...
Development of Interactive Learning Media Projection of Working Drawing on
Students of Class X TKR in SMK Markus 2 Medan
56
Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung...
Metaphor of Modality in Donald Trump’s Speech in
United Nation General Assembly 2017
60
Nursyah Handaya; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Traditional Sport Of Silek Tuo In Minangkabau Community (a study of Silek tuo
iv
Prima Nanda; Sabaruddin Yunis; Agung Sunarn...
Improved Student’s Generic Science Skills With The Application of Cooperative
Learning Models Based on Batak Culture
66
Rika Sari Indah Harahap; Derlina; Rahmatsyah; Sahyar; Bornok...
Management Development Athletes of Shorinji Kempo North Sumatra Region
71
Arti Kurniaty Bangun...
Efforts to Improve Learning Results Free Basketball Shot (Free Throw) Through
The Application of Teaching Style Inclusion
75
Bob Rahmat Manalu... ...
Development of Egosan Engineering Extension Models with Straight Sticking in
Pencak Silat
77
William Filipus; Amir Supriadi; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Development of Interactive Learning Media of Athletic on Physical
Education in SMP Negeri 15 Medan
81
Akhmad Khaidir; Budi Valianto; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Effect of Learning Model and Self-Reliance Learning toward Science
Learning Outcomes
84
Rohima; Mukhtar; Samsidar Tanjung...
The Effect of Learning Method and Kinesthetic Perception on The Learning
Outcomes of Lay Up Basketball
88
Saiful Adrian; N
urhayati Simatupang; Suprayitno………....
Analysis Of Physical Education Teacher Management Skills In State Elementary
School Sub-District Medan Tembung
91
Syahrul Effendi Nasution; Amir Supriadi; Albadi Sinulingga...
Innovation Of The Speed Model Using Running With The Ball Techniques In
Football
95
Julio Roberto; Amir Supriadi; Novita... ...
The Development of Penetration Drill Training Technique of Wrestling Sport
99
Ihsan Idris Silalahi; Jan Bobby Nesra Barus...
Speech Function of Anies Baswedan’s
Speech in Approval Ceremony as the
Governor of Jakarta in the Period of 2017-2022
102
Ahmad Rifa’i Ritonga; Sumarsih
... ...
Development of Web-Based Learning Media to Enhance Writing Capability of
Biography Text of Student Class X SMA
105
Rencus B. Sinabariba, Tiur Asi Siburian, Mutsyuhito Solin...
Implementing the Teaching Supervision by Principals in Improving the
Performance of Teachers in Aceh Besar
109
Said Ashlan... ... ...
Female Principal Leadership
115
Hendro Widodo; Hengkang Bara Saputra... ...
The Ways of Rohingya Teenagers in Medan Realized Their Language Attitude
120
I Wayan Dirgayasa; Rahmat Husein; Lonni NurIffah Nasution...
Metaphor in Umpasa of Saurmatua Toba Batak Ceremony
124
Heppy Yersin Digita Purba; Rahmad Husein; Anni Holila Pulungan...
The Influence of Part Method, Whole Method and Determination Exercise
Methods on Improving Exercise in the Sports Branch of Pencak Silat Single Art
Category of College Students SPDKK (Art of Kencana Kwitang Self Defense)
Deli Serdang Year 2018/2019
127
Mawar Sari... ... ...
v
Philosophy
of Rakut Sitelu
Desi Haryati Nianggolan...
Evaluation of Implementation of Sustainable Professional Development (PKB)
for Junior High School Physical Education Teachers to Increase Professionalism
in Tebing Tinggi City
135
Mhd Fazar Afandi...
Development of Innovative PJOK teaching materials on floor gymnastics
materials to improve learning outcomes of Grade Students at Junior Hight School
138
Bangun Saragih...
The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model assisted with Image Media and
Motivation Against Civics Learning Outcomes of Students in Class IV of Public
Elementary Schools 055980 Aman Damai 2017/2018
142
Heryansyah Ginting; Dede Ruslan; Reh Bungana Br.Perangin-angin...
Development of science teaching materials based on Science Technology Society
(STM) and its influence on learning outcomes of fourth grade students of MIN
Medan Tembung
149
Diah Hafizhotul Husna; Nuraini; Ramlan Silaban...
The Improvement of Cooperative Learning Model Application Skill in Numbered
Head Together Through Clinical Supervision of Art Teacher in SDN 060886
Medan Baru
154
Unita Vitta Omas Sianturi; Martua Manullang; Rosmala Dewi...
Gold of North Sumatera Program Coach Performance
159
Suyono; Hariadi; Supryetno...
Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook for Grade
XII
163
Jusup Sitepu; Anni Holila Pulungan; I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas...
The Lecturer Performance Development of the STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena
Banda Aceh
169
Saiful Bahri...
The Interference of Batak Mandailing Language to Indonesian (In The Interaction
At The Seventh
Grade Students Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Azhar
Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Padang Sidimpuan)
175
Siti Jahria Sitompul; Abdurrahman Adisaputera; Sumarsi...
The Influence of Microbiology Dictionary and Microbiology Textbook
Utilization in the Contextual Learning Framework on Biology Students Higher
Order Thinking Skills
177
Kiki Rizqi Sahara; Hasruddin; Ashar Hasairin...
The Differences of Learning Style and St
udents’ Creativity to Students’
Achievement in Dribbling the Ball in Playing Football of Seventh Grade Students
of SMP Ar
–
Rahman Percut
180
Muammar Afif Marpaung; Imran Akhmad; Rahma Dewi...
Development of Gobag Sodor Game Model to Increase Interest in Elementary
Students
184
Siska Nova Undari...
The Influence of Research-Based Learning with Portfolio Assessment on Science
Process Skills in Microbiology Course for Biology Program Students
187
Saudah Rahmayanti; Hasruddin; Tumiur Gultom...
The Influence of Teaching Style and Confident Against the Results of a Study of
Shooting in the Game of Football (Experiment Studies the Self Check Style and
vi
Tembung Sabilina)
Muhammad Syaiful; Ramadhan Harahap...
Development of Mirror Writing Teaching Materials Based on Class XI Media
Literation of Lolomatua 1 State High School
195
Yanida Bu'ulolo; Biner Ambarita; Marice...
The Development of Teaching Materials for Technology- Assisted Procedure
Text in Vocational High School
197
Nova Andarini; Biner Ambarita; Malan Lubis...
Development of Adobe Flash Based Floor Gymnastics Media Learning on Health
Sport Education Lesson
201
Hardiansyah...
The Effect of Learning Approach and Linguistic Competence Capability Reading
The English Narative Text of Student SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.
206
Sukriyah Batubara; Keysar Panjaitan...
……….
Analysis Effect of Household Consumption, Investment and Labor to Economy
Growth In Sumatera Utara
209
Richna Handriyani; Arwansyah; Sahyar...
Idioms Translation Strategies in Pasung Jiwa Novel English Version
213
Hariyanto; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Code Mixing in Novel: A Case of Indonesian Literary Work
216
Nurul Hidayanti Hasibuan; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Logico-Semantic Relation in Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and
Donald Trump
221
Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis; Della Fransiska Ginting; Jumino Suhadi...
Semiotic Meanings in Cigarette Advertisement Texts
227
Rodearta Purba; Zainuddin; Amrin Saragih...
Modality as Hedging Device in the US Presidential Election Debate
232
Roobby Hamdanur; Anni Holila Pulungan; Zainuddiin...
The Improving Mathematical Communication Ability Through Realistic
Mathematical Approach Based on Toba Batak Culture
235
Aman Sanusi Siregar...
Speech Functions of Doctors and Patients on Medical Consultation Process
239
Resti Citra Dewi; Anni Holila Pulungan, Sumarsih...
The Development of Venturimeter Instrumentation in Dynamic Fluid
243
Zahrani Dalimunthe; Rahmatsyah; Derlina...
Lexical Metaphors in Onang-onang of Bobby and Kahiyang Tortor Dance
246
Siti Rahma Ritonga; Anni Holila Pulungan; Didik Santoso...
The Discourse Markers in President Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC
China in 2015
249
Syahbuddin Nasution1; Busmin Gurning; I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas...
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for AISTEEL Conference
Proceedings
Translator’s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille
Film
254
Femy Septiani; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Lexical Metaphor In Printed Car Advertisements
258
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump Political Speech
263
Elisa Silviani Siregar; Prof. Dr.Zainuddin, M.Hum; Prof.Dr. Sri MindaMurni,
MS... ...
vii
Nurliana Harahap; Mahendra Ginting Manik; Indah Listiana...
Appraisal of Healthy Product Advertisement on Television
274
Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Rahmad Husein Napitupuluh...
Lexical Metaphor in Andrea Hirata’s “The Dreamer” Novel
277
Nurul Sa’adah; I Wy. Dirgeyasa; Siti Aisyah Ginting
...
Impoliteness Strategies Used by Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta in Governor
Election Debate 2017
281
Sri Minda Murni; Busmin Gurning
……
...
Intertextuality in Travel Umroh Advertisement
287
Afifah Nurul Khoirot Nasution; Anni Holila Pulungan; Eddy Setia...
Intertextuality on Oral Discourse in Sari Matua Batak Toba Ceremony
290
Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung; Anni Holila Pulungan; Rahmad Husein...
The Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel to Creatine Kinase
Serum in Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Fatigue from Swimming
293
Rika Nailuvar Sinaga; Jumadin IP; Zulaini...
Analysis of Technology Utilization to Measure The Throw Distance of The Ball
on Hammer Throw
296
Riki Prastian; Agung Sunarno; Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun...
The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese Register in Giving Pedah
Pedah Perjabun
300
Elkana Putra Tarigan; Amrin Saragih; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Implementation Management Training Volleyball Club of Pertamina Year 2017
305
Reza Wibowo; Sanusi Hasibuan; Budi Valianto...
Lexical Metaphor in Printed Car Advertisements
308
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension
Ability In Descriptive Text
Through Flashcard
309
Aisya Hartati...
The Role of Teacher’s Training Model and Technological Approach to the
Improvement of Teachers’ Professionalis
312
Intan Sufiah Batubara...
The Difficulties of Students at the Second Year of St.Thomas 3 Senior High
School Medan in Translating English Idioms into Indonesian
315
Fitri Susi Sinurat...
The Effect Of Applying The Great Wind Blows Strategy On The Students’
Vocabulary Mastery
321
Gisca Irdayana Lubis...
Attitude of Examiners in Thesis Convocation
325
Mara Sutan Siregar...
Politeness Strategies in Mandailing Wedding Ceremony
329
163
Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3
Education Textbook for Grade XII
Jusup Sitepu, Anni Holila Pulungan, I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas
English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, Universitas Negeri Medan,
Medan, Indonesia
Abstract— This thesis deals with transitivity analysis on Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook For Grade XII by applying Halliday’s[1] theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) eapecially on transitivity system. A single investigation on the textbook was done, i.e. transitivity systems (process, participant, and circumstance) that are dominantly used in textbook. In analyzing the data, the researcher used the following steps such as reading the textbook, segmenting the data in form of clauses, identifying the types of processes, participants and circumstances, and classifying the clauses into categories and drawing conclusions from the analysis. There were 160 clauses altogether as the data of the analysis. The results of the analysis three process types that occupied mostly in the text, i.e. (1) Mat.Pr, (2) Rel. Int.Att., and (3) Verb Pr. The dominant process types used in the text, i.e. Mat.Pr. = 106 (48.18%). While the rests two, i.e 60 clauses (27.27%) were categorized as Rel. (Int.Attr.) and 42 (19.0%) clauses were categorized as Verb Pr.. Usually, there are two primary participants involved in certain processes, namely Actors and Goal in material, Senser and Phenomenon in mental, Carrier/ Ident. and Attr./Ident. in relational, Sayer and Receiver in verbal process, except Existent in existential and Behaver in behavioral process. The textbook was also constructed by the domination of Location circumstance (both Location of Time and Place), i.e. 36.5% and the second place in numbers was Cir.Acc. to show the place where the action took place with detailed attached information realized by Cir.Acc. The writers of the textbook focused on the actor to show the efforts made by people involved in the text and the events happened or took place. These two transitivity elements were supposed to be important since the text discussed about the history of a country.
Keywords: SFL, Transitivity systems, civic textbook, dominant
I. INTRODUCTION
The analysis in this paper focused on the transitivity systems analysis based on LFS theory. It provides an analytical framework which is interesting, useful and powerful for the analysis of texts. Halliday[1] as quoted in Gerrot and Wignell [2] argue that: Text is a piece of language in use that is language that is functional. A text length is not important and it can be either spoken or written. Butt et. al. (1995)[3] say that: Text always occurs in two contexts, they are context of culture and context of situation. Context of culture or the outer context around a text determines what we can mean through: (1) Being “who we are”; (2) Doing “what we do”; and (3) Saying “what we say”.
However, this is not to be understood as being to the exclusion of other possible theoretical approaches, which may well come to similar conclusions. However, it should be stressed, particularly for teachers who are less familiar with SFL, that this approach is not simply a technique of textual analysis, but rather a useful theory of language. SFL helps highlight the features of the textbook in a particularly clear, powerful, and objective fashion. SFL analytical framework made it possible for teachers to analyse the data linguistically. “Textbooks are one of the most important educational inputs: texts reflect basic ideas about a national culture, and … are often a flashpoint of cultural struggle and controversy.” Richards[4]
The linguistic analysis of textbooks also has pedagogic relevance for students, applied linguistics, text and corpus linguistics. This study will attempt to impart to students a sense of the primary purposes of grammar. It is assumed that students will respond more positively to a focus on both form and meaning rather than on form only, because they themselves are more conscious of meaning in their own use of language, especially in its spoken mode.
The transitivity systems cover four main elements, ie. Participant I, Process, Participant II, and Circumstance. In traditional grammar, simply these elements function repectively as subject, predicate, object, and adverbial. The study specifically identified and categorise the types of processes that help in the realisation of the messages of the reading texts in the textbook. The messages are interpreted according to the identified process options and related to the ideological opinions expressed in the text. The study revealed that texts helped to articulate a better understanding not only the constructions of clauses found in the text but also the meaning (lexico-grammar). It also revealed that texts in Civics 3 textbooks used in Grade XII express different process types, which are used to describe or make references to teachers and learners. In other words, texts are rich with linguistic features that can be useful for English learning teaching. A good understanding of the corresponding grammatical features of processes can help students and teachers use them in expressing their experiences of the world in the appropriate register, and define the syllabuses for students learning English.
164 understanding linguistic processes and structures. Functional
theories of language propose that since language is fundamentally a tool, it is reasonable to assume that its structures are best analyzed and understood with reference to the functions they carry out. Functional theories of grammar differ from formal theories of grammar, in that the latter seek to define the different elements of language and describe the way they relate to each other as systems of formal rules or operations, whereas the former defines the functions performed by language and then relates these functions to the linguistic elements that carry them out. This means that functional theories of grammar tend to pay attention to the way language is actually used in communicative context, and not just to the formal relations between linguistic elements. SFL as the famous name of this type of grammar is considered with form and function of language as well as the role of context in human communication, thereby providing an analytical framework for lexical and grammatical qualitative and quantitative analysis of linguistic features of language variation.
Systemic linguists share a common interest in language as a social semiotic. They claim that the function of language use is to create meanings that are influenced by the cultural and social context of their exchange, therefore language use is a semiotic process. Accordingly, language is characterised as functional, semantic, contextual, and semiotic. The functional questions of the systemic approach are concerned with how people use language and how language is structured for use, whereas the semantic questions are focused on how many types of meanings are made with the use of language and how language is used to make such meanings. Halliday[6] argues that three main kinds of meanings are used simultaneously in the structure of language: ideational, interpersonal, and textual. These three elements are also known as metafunctions, the categories that constitute one of the tenets of systemic functional theory.
Thompson[7] describes the experiential functions of language, to which he refers to after Halliday as an experiential metafunction, as: “We use language to talk about our experience of the world, including the worlds in our own minds, to describe events and states and the entities involved in them.” In Systemic Functional Linguistics language therefore represents external reality by happenings and states, which are referred to as Processes; entities, known as Participants and circumstances in which the happenings and states occur, which are referred to as Circumstances (White)[8].
Quoting Thompson[7], the term transitivity probably be familiar as a way of distinguishing between verbs according to whether they have an Object or not. Here, however, it is being used in a much broader sense. In particular, it refers to a system for describing the whole clause, rather than just the verb and its Object. It does, though, share with the traditional use a focus on the verbal group, since it is the type of process that determines how the participants are labelled: the ‘doer’ of a physical process such as kicking is given a different label from the ‘doer’ of a mental process such as wishing (note that
‘ ’
label in the case of the mental process).
Transitivity systems belong to experiential functions of group and phrases classes, their type of elements and realization can be seen in the following Table 1.
Table 1. Typical experiential functions of group and phrase classes
Type of element Typically realized by (i) process verbal group (ii) participant nominal group
(iii) circumstance adverbial group or prepositional phrase
1. Process
Halliday[1] clarifies at the layer of the transitivity system, the clause is analyzed for its potential to represent both the outer and the inner worlds of human beings, which is what the ideational metafunction does. The representation of reality is achieved by means of a set of processes, along with their participants and the circumstances in which they unfold.
In the transitivity system, there are six types of process, i.e. (1) material, (2) mental (cognition, perception, affection), (3) relational, (4) behavioral , (5) verbal, and (6) existential. The participants related to each are: Material → Actor (obligatory) and Goal (optional); Mental → Senser and Phenomenon (both are always potentially present; either may, however, be implicit); Relational → Attributive type: Carrier and Attribute OR Identifying type: Identifier and Identified; Behavioral → Behaver; Verbal → Sayer, Verbiage, Receiver, Target; wanting, or perceiving” and that Phenomenon is “that which is ‘sensed’─ felt, thought, wanted or perceived”
3. Circumstance
Circumstances are elements that can be found in all six processes in functional grammar, especially in mental processe. Yet, Circumstances are optional participants in mental processes. It means that it is nothing necessarily explanation, by linking circumstance to the four WH-forms that were adverbs...
Eggins[10] states that there are seven elements of circumstantial that can be found in processes, as follow:
1. Extent : Circumstantial element of extent answers the question about duration (How long? and How many times?) and spatial distance (How far?).
2. Location : Circumstantial element of location answers the question about temporal
165
5.Accompaniment: Circumstantial element of
accompany-ment answers the question with whom?
6. Matter : Circumstantial element of matter answers the
To achieve the objective of this research, this research uses descriptive qualitative research. Bogdan and Bilken[11] mention that design used in this research refers to the research’s plan of how to proceed, and this research refers to the researcher’s plan of how to proceed. Research design is the overall plan for connecting the conceptual research problems to the pertinent (and achievable) empirical research. In other words, the research design articulates what data is required, what methods are going to be used to collect and analyse this data, and how all of this is going to answer research question.
B. Data and Data Source
The data of this research are linguistic features in the forms of all clauses in “case studies” text as one of the activities in Yudistira (2010). It consists of 4 chapters with different topics and class activities spread out in 254 pages. Each chapter consists of 4 to 7 different text. The main reason of choosing the textbook as the data sources of this study is the fact that the textbook itself is used as the main source of the study of English in the school. It is also considered that Civic 3 textbook is rich with linguistic features especially that relate to transitivity systems.
C. Technique of Collecting Data
The technique of collecting data were carried out through activities of examining the data, organizing, dividing into units that can be managed, synthesizing, looking for patterns, discovering what is meaningful and what is studied and decided by the researchers to be systematically reported. These activities are called documentary technique (Bogdan and Biklen)[12].
D. The Research Instruments
In qualitative research, the researcher is the key instrument. As Bogdan and Biklen[12] mentions that “the researcher is the key instrument”. It means that everything happened in the process of research is controlled by the
to make the data collection systematically done. Other instruments, such as questionnaire, interview, observation, and reading can be used in qualitative method. In this research the writer will use reading because it is more to do with literature review. It is also an instrument for studying all kinds of texts, including textbook.
Doing a research with reading as the instrument, the analysis that was conducted will be related to a content analysis. The data (linguistic items in the text of an interview, speech or focus-group discussion, textbook) are coded or grouped into categories which are tested for their reliability and validity (whether or not they accurately represent what is being said, in a transcript for example). These categories or codes were included words or themes, word senses, phrases or whole sentences. Once coded, the textual data are interpreted and the results of the analysis provided. Either of two methods is usually used, i.e. (1) conceptual analysis and (2) relational analysis.
Of the two main approaches to content analysis, conceptual analysis is by far the more popular. This approach examines either the incidence or the frequency of using research instruments. Basic principles Conceptual analysis concepts (themes/issues, words, phrases, etc.) in a text. It quantifies the occurrences of the concepts that have chosen for examination. Conceptual analysis is also referred to as thematic analysis because it is the themes or issues in the text that the researcher intends to analyse. The following is the process of collecting the data: (1) Identify the topic of the research; (2) Establish content categories; (3) Test the categories generated; (4) Collect data; (5) Analyse content of data; and (6) Provide results.
In doing item (4) above, documentary sheets were used in order to systemaze the work. There are two documentary sheets designed based on the need of transitivity systems, i.e. (1) documentary sheet process; and (2) documentary sheet circumstance.
E. Technique of Data Analysis
166 source, (ii) what process was dominantly used in the texts, (iii)
how the transitivity systems found in all clauses were relavant to the process of teaching and learning in English subject.
This model presents analysis as continuous, interactive process involving three phases that constantly impact upon each other and are carried out simultaneously. Finally, the researcher selected and code the data needed related to research questions. These activities were going on until the research questions were answered.
F. The Trustworthines of the Study
To ensure reliability in qualitative research, examination of trustworthiness is crucial. Searle[15], while establishing good quality studies through reliability and validity in qualitative research, states that the “trustworthiness of a research report lies at the heart of issues conventionally discussed as validity and reliability”. Lincoln and Guba[14] mention that there are four criteria of establishing the trustworthiness of qualitative data, namely (1) credible (can be believed/true value); (2) dependability (depend ondata/consistency); (3) confirmability (neutrality), and (4) transferability (the results can be transfered and researched again/applicability).
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This part deals with the description of the answers of problem, i.e. what transitivity systems (Process, Participants, and Circumstances) types that characterize English for SMK 1 Textbook for Grade X?
The Transitivity Systems (Process, Participants, and Circumstances) Types that Characterize the textbook, three process types that occupied mostly, i.e. (1) Material Process (Mat.Pr.), (2) Relational Intensive Attributive (Int.Att), and (3) Verbal Process (Verb Pr.). The dominant process types used in the text, i.e. Material Process (Mat.Pr.) i.e. 106 (48.18%). While the rests two, i.e 60 clauses (27.27%) were categorized as Relational Intensive attributive process (Int.Attr.) and 42 (19.0%) clauses were categorized as Verbal Process (Verb Pr.). The examples of the analysis of the three processes , Mat.Pr. (Data 1,2,3,5,and7); Rel.Int.Att.(Data 4,12,13,14, and 22) and Verb Pr. (Data 5,84,87, and 89) were showed respectively as follows:
Data 1.
World development gets faster.
Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Adv.Grp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Goal
Data 2.
All kinds of field of life change along. with age advancement
Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Adv.Grp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Cir.Acc.
Data 3.
Therefore, Pancasila as
open ideology
must be able to filter
and adopt
Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Verb.Gp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Mat.Pr.
by understanding the following matters.
Nom.Gr Verb.Gp. Nom.Grp. Verb.Gr. Adv.Grp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Receiver Verb.Pr. Cir.Man.
Data 7.
It is, of course, a strong ideology and it has been deeprooted
Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp.
Actor Mat.Pr.
Data 4.
Will Pancasila be a strong ideology
for Indonesian
in this globali-zation era?
mind in the forrn of science or
Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Nom.Grp.
The following materials would help us to answer such questions
Nom.Gr Verb.Gp. Nom.Grp. Verb.Gr.
Actor Mat.Pr. Receiver Verb.Pr.
by understanding the following matters. Adv.Grp.
Cir.Man.
Data 84.
In the session, Mr. Moh. Yamin stated his ideas.
Adv.Grp. Nom.Grp Verb Grp Nom.Grp
Cir.L.T. Sayer Verb.Pr. Verbiage
about the formulation of state base spoken and written.... Adv.Grp.
167
The religion affair is consigned to their own religion group.
Nom.Grp Verb Grp Nom.Gr. saidthat Cir.Acc. dominated in use in the text, i.e. 33 (29.5%). Cir.Lt., Cir.Role., Cir.Man. and Cir.L.P. were put in the second, third, fourth, and fifth places in numbers, i.e. 29 (25.8%); 17 (15.2%); 16 (14.3%); and 12 (10.7%) repectively.
The following were the examples of the circumstance ordered from the biggest one in number respectively. Cir.Acc. (Data 2,3,6, and 14); Cir.Lt. (Data 48,52,77, and 81), Cir.Role. (Data 15,16,17, and 41), Cir.Man.(Data 22,34,47, and 57) and Cir.L.P (Data 4,7, and 68)
Data 2.
All kinds of field of life change along. with age advancement
Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Adv.Grp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Cir.Acc.
Data 3.
Therefore, Pancasila as
open ideology
must be able to filter
and adopt
Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Verb.Gp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Mat.Pr.
Existing Exist.Pr. Existence Cir.Acc.
Data 14.
that the ideas would endanger
Adv.Grp. Nom.Grp. Verb Grp Adv.Grp.
Basically the establishment
of BPUPKI
could not be separated
from Japanese interest in facing the war of Great East Asia with...
Adv.Grp. Nom.Grp Verb Grp Adv.Grp.
Goal Mat.Pr. Cir.L.T.
Data 15.
According to
some politicians,
ideology has some definitions as follows.
Adv.Grp. Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Nom.Grp.
Cir.Role Carrier Int.Attr. Attribute
Data 16.
Cir.Role Carrier Int.Attr. Value
Data 17.
According to Sumarno,
Ideology is a unit of a]l over systematic and
fundamental idea toward human life.
Adv.Grp. Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Nom.Grp.
Cir.Role Carrier Int.Attr. Attribute
Data 41.
The limitation makes dynamics of Pancasila as open ideology
Nom.Grp. Verb Grp Nom.Grp. Adv.Grp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Goal Cir.Role
Data 22.
it means that in each ideology there will
always be vital ideas and ....
as their supporting subject to achieve an ideal...
Nom.Grp Verb Grp Nom.Grp. Adv.Grp.
Carrier Int.Attr. Attr. Cir.Man.
Data 34.
Pancasila could
develop
creatively and dynamically
to answer the age needs without changing the basic values.
Nom.Grp. Verb Grp Adv.Grp. Adv.Grp.
Actor Mat.Pr. Cir.Man. Goal
Data 47.
Basically, all ideas could be completed to describe the basic values.
Adv.Grp. Nom.Grp. Verb Grp Adv.Gr.
by the considerationbase of creation, sense, and convince of
Will Pancasila be a strong ideology
for Indonesian
in this globalization era?
Verb.Gp. Nom.Grp. Verb.Gp. Nom.Grp. Adv.Grp.
Int.Attr. Token Int.Attr. Value Cir.L.P.
Data 7.
168
Actor Mat.Pr.
in its society that could prop up a huge nation like lndonesia.
Adv.Gr. Verb.Gp. Nom.Gr.
Cir.L.P. Mat.Pr. Goal
Data 68.
The basic value which is relatively constant
included in Preamble of 1945
Constitution.
Nom.Grp Verb Grp Adv.Grp.
Goal Mat.Pr. Cir.L.P.
IV.CONCLUSION
The students Bilingual Civics 3 textbooks used in Grade XII SMA used all processes types, i.e. (1) Material Process (Mat.Pr.), (2) Relational Intensive Attributive (Int.Att), and (3) Verbal Process (Verb Pr.), (4) Relational Intensive attributive process (Int.Attr.), (5) Existential Process (Ext.Pr.), (6) Mental Process )Men.Pr.), (7) Behavioural Process (Beh.Pr.). Among the processes, the dominant process types used in the text, i.e. Material Prcess (Mat.Pr.) i.e. 106 (48.18%). While the rests two, i.e 60 clauses (27.27%) were categorized as Relational Intensive attributive process (Int.Attr.) and 42 (19.0%) clauses were categorized as Verbal Process (Verb Pr.).
Related to the results of Circumstance analysis, it can be saidthat Cir.Acc. dominated in use in the text, i.e. 33 (29.5%).
second, third, fourth, and fifth places in numbers, i.e. 29 (25.8%); 17 (15.2%); 16 (14.3%); and 12 (10.7%) repectively.
REFERENCES
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