RATIFICATION PAGE
Complete report of Basic Biology experiment the title “Respiratory” arrenged by :
name : Devi Putriana
ID : 1314441006
class : Biology ICP B
group : VI (Six)
It has been checked and consult for an assistant and assistant coordinator then stated acceptable.
Makassar, January th 2013
Assistant Coordinator Assistant
Rachmayani Ardiansyah, S. P d Rukman Muslimin ID: 101404157
Known by Lecturer of Responsible
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In biology science, we cannot stop discussing about living creature. The object study of biology is living creature. If we talk about the living creature, then we will discuss about what living creature do for stay to live and how about that work system. In their daily activity (human), that is so many activity that always done, for example schooling, go to office, clean home and many soon. But if thinking, there is an activity that we can call fundamental activity to operating other activity like example above, this activity is breathing. Did you know, living creature cannot live without breathing, because if do this activity, everything work system that in into body can be operating.
Not only human is breathing, plant, animal and other microorganism do this activity, suitable with their method. But if there is a question what living creature use to breathing, what will be answering for this question. Living creature use air to breathing, so living creature can stay to live. But is there different between living creature in breathing. Yes, there is some living creature have different respiratory system with other living creature, this respiratory system describe work in breathing. There is living creature use their lung as respiration tool, but other use skin or trakea as respiration tool.
B. Purpose
1. Proving that live organism need oxygen for their respiration.
2. Comparing oxygen needs of some organism according to kind and size of weight.
C. Benefit
CHAPTER II
PREVIEW OF LITERATURE
Respiration is oxidation process of material food or organic material which happen inside cell that can done by aerob although anaerob. In aerob condition, this respiration need free oxygen and release carbon dioxide and energy. If oxided is sugar, then reaction happen is :
C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Amount of CO2 produced and amount of O2 used in aerob respiration not always same. This depends to kinds of material that used. Comparison between amount of CO2 that released and amount of O2 that needed, called Respiratory Quotient (RQ). For carbohydrate, its RQ value = 1. This RQ value can being varied depends to material for respiration, perfect or not for respiration and others condition (Tim Penyusun Biologi Umum, 2013).
drive the energy requiring reaction of the cell. This is made possible by the pathway of respiration (analogous to the trough), which harness the high – energy sugar. As the high – energy sugar is respired, it is converted to the low – energy products carbon dioxide and water. This is analogous to the water’s losing potential energy as it flows down the trough to a lower level. Since the process of respiration is of fundamental importance in all plant and animal cells, it will be described in some detail in this chapter. However, it’s should be emphasized that understanding the overall a accomplishment of respiratory metabolism and its relationship to other cellular process is viewed as more important here then the details of the individuals steps involved (Peter, 1989).
Respiration is the biologically controlled breakdown of energy-containing substance, such as carbohydrates, fats, and protein, with the release of energy. As such, it is reverse of photosynthesis, in which energy is used to synthesize compounds. The major pathway of respiration in the cell can be broken into two parts: ( 1 ) glycolysis and ( 2 ) the Krebs cycle. In the first part, glycolysis, glucose is eventually split into two pyruvic acid molecules, each having three carbon atoms. At remaining two-carbon compound enters the Krebs cycle, is regenerated at end of the cycle and can accept another two-carbon piece. The two parts of respiration differ in a number of important features. In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis can occur but the Krebs cycle can not function. If no oxygen is present, the pyruvic acid produced at the end of glycolysis is converted, with the loss of one carbon atom, to ethyl alcohol. In this case, the process is fermentation ( Wiliam, 1967 ).
CHAPTER III
EXPERIMENT METHOD
A. Place and Date
Day/Date : Saturday/January 4th 2013 Time : 01.00 pm until 03.00 pm
Place : Biology Laboratory 3nd floor of the west, faculty of mathematic and science university of Makassar.
B. Tools and Materials
c. Mung bean sprouts(Phaseolus radiatus) d. Vaseline
e. Eosin solution f. Cotton
g. KOH crystal C. Work Procedure
1. Prepared the tools and materials that used in experiment.
2. Decided the object that used, what is a cockroach or grasshopper. 3. Wrapped KOH crystal with cotton.
4. Entered the cotton that contain KOH crystal into respirometer tube, then determined the object which will used into respirometer tube.
5. Closed, then greased Vaseline in around mouth tube, so more session and there is not oxygen entered in respirometer tube.
7. So, injected the iosin solution into scale glass ribbon. With first scale 0,0mL.
CHAPTER IV
Big 0,01 0,06 0,11 0,13 0,17
Smal l
0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02
2. Dissosteria cardina
Big 0,48 0,52 0,65 0,75 0,50
Smal l
0,25 0,28 0,35 0,44 0,58
3. Vigna
radiata
Open 0,20 0,80 1,20 1,50 1,90
Close 0,80 1,80 2,50 3,00 3,10
= 0.06505 scale
s 5
= 0.01301 Scales
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
0.01 0.06
0.11 0.13
0.17
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Chart between Big Periplaneta americana and Small Periplaneta americana
Big Periplaneta amer-icana
Small Periplaneta americana
0
graphic relation between Big Dissosteria cardina and Small Dissosteria cardina
Big Dissosteria cardina
Small Dissosteria cardina
graphic relation between Big Dissosteria cardina and Small Dissosteria cardina
minute 1minute 2minute 3minute 4minute 50 0.5
graphic relation between Open Vigna radiata and Close Vigna radiata
Open Vigna radiata Close Vigna radiata
C. Discussion
Based on the experiment result above, we can see the respiration every living things, especially Periplaneta americana, Dissosteria cardina and Vigna radiata. The weight was inversely proportional with the used of oxigen, because every living things required O2 in a large more than weight in the body. Size of body organism affects the respiratory, if organism has small size of body, the respiration occurred quickly.
1. Compare the oxygen demand Big Periplaneta Americana and Small Periplaneta americana.
Firstly, we observed respiration of big Periplaneta americana. After it, we observed respiration of small Periplaneta Americana. From the result of experiment we obtain an the average speed on the big Periplaneta americana and we got 0.00048 scales . While the small Periplaneta americana has average speeed is 0.00015 scales . At the time of observing our small Periplaneta americana get inappropriate results caused by the tube respirometer not clean properly so that there is water on the scale that caused movement of eosin.
2. Compare the oxygen demand Big Dissosteria cardina and Small Dissosteria cardina.
weight affect speed of respiration. It can be proved that this experiment in accordance with the theory that the bigger or more weight fast then the organism also the process of respiration.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the experiment we can concluded that the size of the body a affect the speed of respiration in animals, where the more size of animal, the speed of it respiration will more quickly, even thought the less size of animal, the speed of it respiration will more slowly.respiration was affected by type of organism body and weight of organism.The animal with different kinds have different speed of the respiration. The plants with different weight have different speed of the respiraton
B. Suggestion
It is expected that the laboratory, so check carefully whether the goods will be given to apprentice and goods returned apprentice. Expected assistant companion kept an eye on the apprentice especially during the heating of materials, and continue to give explanations and directions to the apprentice
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Debbie, Hadley. 2013. Internal Anatomy of an Insect. http://insects.about.com/od/ morphology/ss/internalanatomy_5.htm. accessed on 06.00 am
Fried, George. 2003. Biologi. Erlangga. Jakarta.
Kaufman, Peter. 1989. Their Biology and Importance. New York : Harper and Row.
Knobloch, Irving Wiliam. 1967. Readings in Biological Science. Appleton Century Crofts. United State of America.
ANSWER THE QUESTION
1. What is the function KOH that covered by cotton?
Answer : To bound CO2 that came out by organism that exist in tube respirometer.
2. Why eosin experience friction to direction of respirometer.?
