THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING STRATEGY
ON THE STUDENTS SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
YUNI ANSARI RAMBE
Registration Number 2113321057
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express deepest gratitude to Allah SWT, uncountable blessing, loves, opportunity and strength given to the writer during her study and in completing this thesis which entitled: The effect of Problem Based Learning Strategy on the Students Speaking Achievement. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaPendidikanof the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED).
In completing this thesis, the writer realized that she faced some problems and she had received the academic guidance, suggestions, and comments and got a lot of assistance and moral support from many people. Therefore, the writer would like to express hergratitude and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department. Dra. Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English Department.
Nora Ronita Dewi ,S.Pd, S.S., M.Hum. the Head of English Education Study Program.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed and Johannes Jefria Gultom, S.Pd. M.Hum.,Writer’s Thesis Advisors, who have given their invaluable advice, guidance and spent their precious time in the process of completing this thesis.
Dra.Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., her Academic Advisor, who has supported her throughout the academic years also Reviewer and Examiner, who has given her precious time, guidance, suggestions, and comments..
Juli Rachmadani Hasibuan, SS, M. Hum and Tiarnita Maria Sarjani Siregar, M.Hum., her reviewer and examiner, who has given her precious time, guidance, suggestions, and comments.
All the Lecturers of English department who have taught, guided, and advised her throughout the academic years.
Mam Euis Sri Wahyuningsih and Pak Pantes, Administration staffs of English Department, for their attention, assistance, and information in completing it.
Leo Asnah Dalimuthe, S.Pd.i., the Headmaster of SMP Nusa Penida Medan, for her permission and opportunities given in allowing the writer to do observation and to collect data.
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Writer’s best friend, Widya Ulfa, Widya Astuti who have given motivation in happiness and sadness, for always be there when she needed theirsupport and motivation.
Writer’s spesial man, Ramsul Nababan SH, M.H special motivator who gives me mental power, spirit, love , pray and motivation.
Last but not least, the witer extends gratitude for those who cannot be mentioned here, that give contribution on the writer‘s life. The writer realizes that content of this thesis is still far from perfect, but she warmly accept any constructive suggestions that will improve the quality of this thesis. She hopes it would be useful for those who are interested in this field of study.
Medan, September 2015
The Writer
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ABSTRACT
Rambe, Yuni Ansari. 2113321057. The Effect of Promblem Based Learning Strategy on The Students Speaking Achievement A Thesis: English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan. 2015.
This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of Promblem Based Learning Strategy on The Students Speaking Achievement. It was an experimental reserch. The subject was students of Grade X111, Junior Hight School of Nusa Penida. Which consisted of 40 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied inter-rater reliability formula. The result of the reliability was 0.86, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant α=0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 18, t-observed value 6.68 > t- table value 2.101. The findings indicate that using Problem Based Learning Strategy significantly affected the students achievement in speaking skill. So, English teacher are suggested to use Problem Based Learning Strategy in order to improve students achievement in speaking skill.
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CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6
A. Theoretical Framework ... 6
4. Definition of Problem Based Learning (PBL) ... 13
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CHAPTER III. THE RESEARCH OF METHODOLOGY ... 25
A. Research Design ... 25
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 43
A. Conclusion ... 43
B. Suggestions ... 43
REFERENCES ... 44
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 1.1. Speaking Scores of English... 2
Table 3.1.Research Design ... 25
Table 3.2.FSI Weighing Scale ... 29
Table 3.3. Teaching Procedures for Experimental Group... 33
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is the system of sound and word and langguage also the most
important thing for people as a mean of communication in this world. It holds an
important role in human’s life, since the language is a media to express the
thoughts, feeling, and experiences. According to the curriculum,students have to
master four language skills namely: listening, reaading, writing and
speaking.Speaking is the most important skills in learning besides Listening,
reading, and writing.But speaking is the most difficult skill for english learner
because speaking english is the foreign language in Indonesia.
According to Brown (2001:10), oral communication competence or
speaking skill is the goal of English learning in elementary schools. Speaking skill
is considered as an initial skill that leads learners to develop the other
communication competences. This is saying that speaking is the first step that
needs to be learned by Junior high school students before they can read and write
in English. However, it is assumed that developing speaking skill to students in
Indonesia is not easy because of the status of English as a foreign language in
which it is not used in national or social life.
To investigate eight graders’ proficiency in spoken English, the researcher
conducted a preliminary study of the seven graders at Smp Nusa Penida Medan.
The researcher found many of students have weakness in english especially in
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such as lack of vocabulary, grammar, literature and imformation.They din’t know
how to express their selfes and they are also did not comfidence, because they did
not mastering vocabulary. So The researcher proposed a teaching model that is
effective to improve students speaking , therefore,PBL (Problem based learning to
be one teaching model which might be able to solve speaking problem.
Based on the data wich I got by observasing and interviewing the teacher
at SMP NUSA PENIDA MEDAN, shows that the students speaking in English
Subject is low. It can be seen from Daftar Nilai Siswa of Englishin SMP Nusa
Penida Medan. The minimum Competence Critiria (KKM) is of 75. The students
speaking scores in second semester will be shown below in table 1.1
Table 1.1. Stusdent’s Speaking Scores of English Grade
Class >75 ≥75 <75
V111-1 3 (14%) 5 (24%) 13 (62%)
V111-11 6 (19%) 2 (9%) 15 (71%)
The data taken from Daftar Nilai Siswa of Eight Grade at Second Semester
2014-2015 SMP Nusa Penida after knowing students speaking scores, the
researcher conclude that their speaking scores still low and mostly under
minimum competence critria (KKM).
One of the factor causes the problem is the teacher just give the teory
without make the practice the students just listening without speak. After that
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So, as the result, they do not able to improve their speake and do not find
the imformation in , but only repeated the conversation from text book without
doing their critical thingking.The problem were above happend because of almost
the teachers always use the lecturing method when teaching speaking. By having
that background , this study will use a major strategy , Problem Based learning
((PBL).
According to ( Borrow, 1998 ) Problem Based Learning is a natural
daughter product of inquiry-based intruction. Originally PBL was used in medical
and dental schools to help prepare students for future patients.
Currently, PBL has been successfully used an instructional strategy in high
school Savery & Duffy, ( 2001 ). PBL is a way of motivating students to integrate
diverse sources of the knowledge to solve the real wordl problem, Bound & felitti
(1997). This strategy is effective for providing information or developing step by
step skills. It also works well for involving students knowledge instruction
actively.
Based on the research report reslut about using PBL to speaqking , Tarigan
(2008) shows that teaching speaking one of communication learning that helps
students to communicate by using English langguage . Rahman (2013) shows that
teaching poem by using PBL improve students ability speaking in science.
Explain above by using strategy PBL can superinted students problem in speaking
and good problem solving skill are neccessary part of speaking skill. That is way
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B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of study , the problem is formulated as the
following :” Is there any significant effect of using Problem Based learning (PBL)
strategy on the students speaking achievement?”
C. The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to investigate the significant effect of using
Problem Based learning (PBL) technique on the students achievement in Speaking
ability.
D. The Scope ofthe Study
They are many methods which can be applied to effect students in
speaking, this study focuses on applying PBL strategy on students speaking
achievement
E. The Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will be expected for :
Theoretically
1. The finding of the researh can be useful to use in languange learning
process expecially for speaking by using problem based learning
2. The Theory of the research paper can be used as the references for
those who want to conduct a research in English teaching –learning
process.
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1. Especially for English teacher, to be creative to apply the method in
teaching speaking
2. Students, to give them the imformation about other methods that can
help them to improve their speaking ability
3. Researcher, to improve her ability to cunduct the research espesially
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1. There is a significant effect of using Problem Based Learning Strategy
(PBL) on junior high school students speaking achievement.
2. The students speaking achievement in recount text by using Problem
Based Learning strategy is higher than taught by using Lecturing
Method.
3. The alternative hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected.
It was proven statistically with t-observed > t-table 6.68 > 2.101; df =
18, α=0,05
B. Suggestion
After presenting the conclusion of the research, some suggestion are
given :
1. English teacher to apply the problem Based Learning strategy (PBL) in
teaching speaking particulary in recount text
2. Student follow the steps on Problem Based Learninmg strategy (PBL) to
improve their achievement in speaking particularly in speaking recount
text.
3. Other researcher who may apply Problem Based Learning strategy (PBL)
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when applying the cooperative group in Problem Based Learning strategy
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REFERENCES
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Bachman, L.F. 1990. Fundamental Consideration In Language Testing :Hongkong : OxfordUniversity Press
Best, J.W and Kahn, V.James 2002. Research In Education
Brown,D. 2001. Teaching By Principles An Interactive Approach To Langguage Padagogy(2nd Ed). New York: Lonngman
Finocchiaro, M and Sako, S.1983. Foreign Language Testing: A Practical Approach ToLanguage Pedagogy. San Fransisco: Prentice Hall
Fulcher, G. And Davidson, F. 2007. Checking For Understanding (Formative AssesmentTechniques For Your Classroom) Virginia : Association For Supervision And Curriculum Development
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Kopriva, R.2008. Improving Testing For English Language Learners. New York : Routledge
Lohman , Margaret C. Finkelstein, Michael 2002. Designing casesin problem-basedlearningto fostel peoblem-solving skill dental education 121-127 retrived at http://www.personal psu.edv/wxh139/pbl,htm(accessed 3/4/12)
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Rohim, Abdur. 2014. Improving students speaking through problem based learning strategy.State University Fkip Unisma, jp3, volume, 3 no .8. Agustus| 2014
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