Net GHG emissions
Total annual GHG emissions from forest and peatland in Indonesia
Year Net Emission (tCO2-eq)
2001 768.427.027 2002 1.291.390.588 2003 1.115.359.424 2004 1.212.797.925 2005 1.128.569.960 2006 1.465.962.201 2007 1.025.724.810 2008 1.037.881.918 2009 1.219.344.208 2010 868.238.637 2011 925.417.865 2012 862.133.249
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year Area (Ha)
2001 1.263.637 2002 2.250.157 2003 2.030.537 2004 2.338.964 2005 2.167.285 2006 2.951.553 2007 2.027.415 2008 2.073.015 2009 2.527.155 2010 1.501.311 2011 1.635.292 2012 1.507.028
NOTE:
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use change on forests and peatland for 2001–2012. The results represent the annual sum of all GHG emissions and removals presented as CO2-e. Areas represent the
total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG emissions by Gas
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) in Indonesia
Year CO2 (tCO2) N2O (tCO2-eq) CH4 (tCO2-eq) DOC (tCO2-eq) Total (tCO2-eq)
2001 690.365.402 15.283.846 28.248.604 34.529.175 768.427.027 2002 1.152.203.387 16.818.470 87.723.455 34.645.276 1.291.390.588 2003 1.015.655.720 16.393.301 48.542.821 34.767.581 1.115.359.424 2004 1.095.344.974 17.099.041 65.345.822 35.008.088 1.212.797.925 2005 1.020.645.430 16.978.339 55.761.958 35.184.233 1.128.569.960 2006 1.310.399.710 18.427.134 101.727.547 35.407.811 1.465.962.201 2007 939.369.399 16.898.577 33.884.265 35.572.568 1.025.724.810 2008 948.897.600 17.226.396 36.011.908 35.746.013 1.037.881.918 2009 1.099.568.758 18.244.817 65.616.149 35.914.484 1.219.344.208 2010 789.820.345 17.122.193 25.247.285 36.048.814 868.238.637 2011 827.639.196 17.607.245 43.963.942 36.207.482 925.417.865 2012 761.080.726 17.742.117 46.979.634 36.330.772 862.133.249
Total annual area of forest and peatland subject to change in Indonesia
Year Area (Ha)
2001 1.263.637 2002 2.250.157 2003 2.030.537 2004 2.338.964 2005 2.167.285 2006 2.951.553 2007 2.027.415 2008 2.073.015 2009 2.527.155 2010 1.501.311 2011 1.635.292 2012 1.507.028
NOTE:
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from human-induced land use and land-use change on forests and peatland for 2001–2012. The results are broken down by direct CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions, and CO2 emissions from dissolved organic
carbon (DOC) exported from drained organic soils—all presented as CO2-e. Areas represent the total annual area of forest
and peatland subject to change, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG emissions by UNFCCC land-use category: forest land
Indonesia
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES Land-use
category Subdivision
Carbon Stock Change/Net CO2
emissions/removals 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
A. Total forest
land Area (ha) 1.204.994 2.011.699 1.656.099 1.995.202 1.803.141 2.456.122 1.560.372 1.554.632 2.014.339 1.076.951 1.300.978 1.291.297 Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C) (51.560.642) (96.496.941) (71.394.000) (86.854.441) (67.944.715) (100.159.391) (40.855.349) (35.120.557) (55.729.926) 1.253.314 (14.037.946) (15.301.836) Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C) (7.165.453) (39.108.918) (37.374.491) (41.243.783) (41.982.234) (47.006.181) (45.931.679) (45.806.664) (50.370.085) (50.870.185) (49.123.961) (48.046.280) Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C) - - - -
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C) (40.830.986) (41.110.706) (41.362.645) (42.077.218) (42.930.130) (43.596.439) (44.022.673) (44.602.681) (45.387.596) (45.972.325) (46.769.869) (47.381.473) Net emissions/removals (t CO2) 365.042.632 647.960.736 550.480.833 623.976.623 560.475.956 699.460.709 479.635.569 460.276.307 555.454.559 350.493.719 403.083.179 406.008.496
1. Forest land remaining forest land
Area (ha) 1.081.146 1.874.033 1.534.485 1.893.446 1.710.951 2.364.047 1.460.766 1.454.248 1.898.412 934.547 1.223.885 1.255.701
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C) (52.017.447) (97.354.726) (72.631.425) (88.473.802) (69.970.092) (102.625.818) (43.834.069) (38.629.565) (59.793.293) (3.512.049) (19.240.301) (20.793.716) Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C) (7.149.222) (39.086.090) (37.345.131) (41.221.349) (41.953.464) (46.979.791) (45.893.296) (45.754.593) (50.317.369) (50.819.843) (49.102.863) (48.054.388) Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C) - - - -
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C) (40.830.986) (41.110.706) (41.362.645) (42.077.218) (42.930.130) (43.596.439) (44.022.673) (44.602.681) (45.387.596) (45.972.325) (46.769.869) (47.381.473) Net emissions/removals (t CO2) 366.658.072 651.022.245 554.910.404 629.832.018 567.796.847 708.407.512 490.416.806 472.951.746 570.160.280 367.782.128 422.081.121 426.175.116
2. Land converted to forest land
Area (ha) 123.848 137.666 121.614 101.756 92.190 92.075 99.606 100.385 115.927 142.404 77.093 35.595
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C) 456.805 857.785 1.237.425 1.619.361 2.025.377 2.466.427 2.978.720 3.509.009 4.063.367 4.765.363 5.202.355 5.491.879 Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C) (16.231) (22.828) (29.360) (22.435) (28.770) (26.390) (38.383) (52.071) (52.716) (50.342) (21.098) 8.108 Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C) - - - -
Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C) - - - -
Net emissions/removals (t CO2) (1.615.440) (3.061.509) (4.429.571) (5.855.395) (7.320.891) (8.946.804) (10.781.237) (12.675.438) (14.705.721) (17.288.409) (18.997.942) (20.166.621)
NOTE:
Swamp forests are assumed to be drained from the time of the first harvesting event.
Net carbon stock change in organic soils (where present) includes areas of peat degradation before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from drained peatland. Annual net carbon stock change and net GHG emissions/removals are presented in a modified common reporting format (CRF) table for the
Net GHG emissions by UNFCCC land-use category: cropland
Indonesia
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES Land-use
category Subdivision
Carbon Stock Change/Net CO2
emissions/removals 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2.1 Forest land converted to cropland
Area (ha) 58.643 238.458 374.438 343.762 364.144 495.432 467.043 518.383 512.816 424.360 334.313 215.731
Net carbon stock change in living
biomass (t C) (7.397.054) (30.497.755) (47.380.047) (43.847.718) (46.226.121) (65.887.208) (57.749.591) (64.904.951) (65.211.879) (53.212.040) (41.722.366) (24.989.969) Net carbon stock change in dead
organic matter (t C) (37.407.622) (33.153.296) (29.075.925) (26.879.590) (25.093.848) (24.670.271) (23.615.209) (23.304.244) (23.800.089) (22.643.606) (21.618.108) (19.935.909) Net carbon stock change in mineral
soils (t C) (11.181.445) (11.399.762) (11.732.192) (12.064.672) (12.392.408) (12.811.600) (13.232.444) (13.724.120) (14.232.449) (14.707.692) (14.587.808) (14.331.225) Net carbon stock change in organic
soils (t C) (32.738.272) (62.469.910) (38.677.714) (45.763.025) (41.788.389) (63.250.649) (30.784.709) (31.327.038) (45.150.364) (29.253.015) (37.859.722) (37.580.778)
Net emissions/removals (t CO2) 325.322.770 504.242.651 465.174.888 471.368.350 460.169.474 610.939.001 459.733.830 488.621.293 544.114.199 439.326.626 424.556.017 355.072.230
NOTE:
All areas subject to deforestation are assumed to be converted to cropland.
Net carbon stock change in dead organic matter includes areas deforested before 2001. This is necessary to account for lag emissions from decaying dead organic matter.
Net carbon stock change in organic soils includes areas of peat degradation before 2001. This is necessary to account for ongoing emissions from drained peatland. Annual net carbon stock change and net GHG emissions/removals are presented in a modified common reporting format (CRF) table for the
UNFCCC land use category forest land converted to cropland. Areas represent the total annual area of forest land converted to cropland, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Net GHG emissions by event
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) excluding soil, by event type in Indonesia
Year Clearing (tCO2-eq) Logging (tCO2-eq) Fire (tCO2-eq) Planting (tCO2-eq) Total (tCO2-eq)
2001 164.168.966 195.858.407 24.325.087 (1.615.440) 382.737.020 2002 225.583.448 289.260.295 245.162.816 (3.061.509) 756.945.049 2003 267.302.132 281.699.400 151.307.025 (4.429.571) 695.878.986 2004 243.984.501 292.874.585 223.005.390 (5.855.395) 754.009.081 2005 242.718.112 284.447.456 164.839.098 (7.320.891) 684.683.775 2006 302.872.072 275.216.608 342.649.801 (8.946.804) 911.791.678 2007 290.029.662 257.833.975 91.128.569 (10.781.237) 628.210.968 2008 313.180.791 247.826.639 84.992.014 (12.675.438) 633.324.006 2009 310.654.164 243.299.750 202.176.651 (14.705.721) 741.424.846 2010 273.790.025 192.603.505 15.267.371 (17.288.409) 464.372.491 2011 226.885.067 184.178.485 84.275.692 (18.997.942) 476.341.302 2012 159.674.576 157.228.082 116.097.095 (20.166.621) 412.833.132
Total annual area of forest impacted by event type in Indonesia
Year Clearing (Ha) Logging (Ha) Fire (Ha) Planting (Ha) Total (Ha)
2001 58.275 990.091 91.423 123.848 1.263.637 2002 219.610 1.017.845 875.036 137.666 2.250.157 2003 344.907 1.033.649 530.368 121.614 2.030.537 2004 310.888 1.115.483 810.837 101.756 2.338.964 2005 321.090 1.128.032 625.973 92.190 2.167.285 2006 428.267 1.145.009 1.286.203 92.075 2.951.553 2007 453.671 1.105.857 368.281 99.606 2.027.415 2008 497.094 1.100.239 375.297 100.385 2.073.015 2009 479.382 1.105.789 826.057 115.927 2.527.155 2010 419.027 801.394 138.486 142.404 1.501.311 2011 325.560 803.957 428.681 77.093 1.635.292 2012 207.999 691.971 571.462 35.595 1.507.028
NOTE:
Annual net GHG emissions estimates from forests for 2001–2012, excluding soil. The results are broken down by the type of event that initiated the change in carbon stocks/emissions. Areas represent the total annual area impacted by each event type, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Mineral soil emissions
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) from mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest in Indonesia Year N2O (t CO2-eq) CO2 (t CO2) Total (t CO2-eq)
2001 4.141.300 40.998.630 45.139.929 2002 4.222.191 41.799.129 46.021.320 2003 4.346.637 43.018.037 47.364.675 2004 4.470.152 44.237.132 48.707.283 2005 4.591.339 45.438.830 50.030.169 2006 4.751.627 46.975.868 51.727.495 2007 4.912.189 48.518.963 53.431.151 2008 5.096.782 50.321.773 55.418.554 2009 5.281.205 52.185.647 57.466.852 2010 5.442.338 53.928.203 59.370.541 2011 5.377.538 53.488.630 58.866.168 2012 5.269.162 52.547.824 57.816.986
Total additional annual area of mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest in Indonesia. Year Annual area of mineral
soil subject to change from forest to
non-forest (Ha)
2001 40.353 2002 165.052 2003 253.886 2004 253.664 2005 248.994 2006 325.777 2007 331.621 2008 371.192 2009 375.820 2010 328.538 2011 254.790 2012 166.033
NOTE:
Total annual emissions in tonnes CO2-e from the soil organic carbon pool on mineral soil subject to change
from forest to non-forest. This includes CO2 emissions and non-CO2 emissions (N2O) from mineral soil. Areas
represent the total additional annual area of mineral soil subject to change from forest to non-forest, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Peat fire emissions by fire type
Net GHG Emission (tCO2-eq) from peat fire in Indonesia Year First Fire
(tCO2-eq)
Second Fire (tCO2-eq)
Third and subsequent fire (tCO2-eq)
Total (tCO2-eq)
2001 34.243 33.386.938 - 33.421.181 2002 4.758.844 170.128.158 5.033.943 179.920.945 2003 1.222.677 53.040.613 8.036.032 62.299.323 2004 3.374.448 76.890.372 16.829.077 97.093.898 2005 8.336.968 51.350.170 17.580.554 77.267.691 2006 11.199.832 134.582.701 36.836.926 182.619.459 2007 1.807.386 13.126.957 7.380.969 22.315.312 2008 3.929.944 11.938.125 8.929.382 24.797.451 2009 8.807.648 50.813.591 33.140.565 92.761.804 2010 1.001.417 6.332.691 7.367.312 14.701.421 2011 2.720.061 29.064.041 25.556.464 57.340.566 2012 472.066 27.128.957 29.088.373 56.689.395
Total annual area of peat land impacted by fire in Indonesia Year Area subject to First
Fire (Ha)
Area subject to Second Fire (Ha)
Area subject to Third and subsequent fire (Ha)
Total (Ha)
2001 69 109.569 - 109.638 2002 9.544 558.328 45.431 613.303 2003 2.452 174.069 72.525 249.046 2004 6.768 252.339 151.882 410.989 2005 16.720 168.521 158.664 343.905 2006 22.462 441.674 332.452 796.588 2007 3.625 43.080 66.613 113.318 2008 7.882 39.179 80.587 127.648 2009 17.664 166.760 299.092 483.517 2010 2.008 20.783 66.490 89.281 2011 5.455 95.383 230.646 331.484 2012 947 89.032 262.522 352.500
NOTE:
Excludes emissions from biomass burning.
Total annual GHG emissions from peat fires for 2001–2012. Results include CO2 emissions and non-CO2 emissions (CH4)
from the burning of peat presented as CO2-e emissions. Results are broken down by the first fire, second fire, and third
Peat fire emissions by gas
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat fire in Indonesia
Year CO2 (tCO2) CH4 (tCO2-eq) Total (tCO2-eq)
2001 24.837.173 8.584.007 33.421.181 2002 133.709.450 46.211.495 179.920.945 2003 46.298.157 16.001.166 62.299.323 2004 72.155.978 24.937.920 97.093.898 2005 57.422.000 19.845.691 77.267.691 2006 135.714.869 46.904.590 182.619.459 2007 16.583.773 5.731.539 22.315.312 2008 18.428.391 6.369.060 24.797.451 2009 68.936.553 23.825.251 92.761.804 2010 10.925.459 3.775.962 14.701.421 2011 42.613.024 14.727.542 57.340.566 2012 42.129.102 14.560.293 56.689.395
Total annual area of peat land impacted by fire in Indonesia Year Area subject to fire (Ha)
2001 109.638 2002 613.303 2003 249.046 2004 410.989 2005 343.905 2006 796.588 2007 113.318 2008 127.648 2009 483.517 2010 89.281 2011 331.484 2012 352.500
NOTE:
Excludes emissions from biomass burning.
Total annual GHG emissions from peat fires in Indonesia for 2001–2012. Results are presented as CO2 emissions and methane (CH4) emissions from the burning of peat, presented as CO2-e.
Peat biological oxidation emissions by gas
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat biological oxidation in Indonesia Year Annual Biological
Oxidation (tCO2)
N2O (tCO2-eq)
CH4 (tCO2-eq)
DOC (tCO2-eq)
Total (tCO2-eq)
2001 244.916.773 10.951.684 16.731.265 34.529.175 307.128.896 2002 246.086.142 10.987.339 16.784.516 34.645.276 308.503.274 2003 247.183.161 11.025.047 16.840.652 34.767.581 309.816.441 2004 249.924.913 11.102.683 16.951.978 35.008.088 312.987.663 2005 253.212.570 11.158.335 17.033.187 35.184.233 316.588.324 2006 256.057.787 11.223.248 17.134.724 35.407.811 319.823.569 2007 257.709.961 11.274.407 17.210.442 35.572.568 321.767.378 2008 259.980.579 11.325.819 17.289.495 35.746.013 324.341.906 2009 263.035.968 11.374.352 17.365.903 35.914.484 327.690.706 2010 264.900.789 11.416.757 17.427.824 36.048.814 329.794.183 2011 267.695.477 11.466.104 17.500.765 36.207.482 332.869.828 2012 269.399.151 11.505.963 17.557.850 36.330.772 334.793.736
Total annual area of additional peat land subject to biological oxidation in Indonesia Year Annual area of peat
subject to degradation (Ha)
2001 85.987 2002 238.235 2003 228.510 2004 284.551 2005 350.129 2006 524.131 2007 262.858 2008 274.848 2009 409.098 2010 202.130 2011 258.214 2012 261.759
NOTE:
Total annual GHG emissions from peat biological oxidation on disturbed peatland for the period 2001 to 2012. Results include direct emissions of CO2, N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exported from drained organic soils, all presented as CO2-equivalent.
Areas represent the total additional annual area of peatland subject to biological oxidation, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
Peat biological oxidation emissions by REDD+ activity
Net GHG Emissions (tCO2-eq) from peat biological oxidation, by REDD+ activity in Indonesia Year Deforestation
(tCO2-eq)
Deforested before 2001 (tCO2-eq)
Forest Degradation (tCO2-eq)
Forest Degradation before 2001
(tCO2-eq)
SMF (tCO2-eq)
Total (tCO2-eq)
2001 25.117.617 90.891.822 44.082.665 143.533.742 3.503.050 307.128.896 2002 25.280.868 90.891.822 45.293.791 143.533.742 3.503.050 308.503.274 2003 25.480.807 90.891.822 46.407.020 143.533.742 3.503.050 309.816.441 2004 25.625.057 90.891.822 49.433.991 143.533.742 3.503.050 312.987.663 2005 25.813.382 90.891.822 52.846.328 143.533.742 3.503.050 316.588.324 2006 26.241.524 90.891.822 55.653.431 143.533.742 3.503.050 319.823.569 2007 26.358.472 90.891.822 57.473.364 143.533.742 3.509.977 321.767.378 2008 26.538.156 90.891.822 59.861.281 143.533.742 3.516.904 324.341.906 2009 26.738.607 90.891.822 63.002.703 143.533.742 3.523.832 327.690.706 2010 26.482.921 90.891.822 65.354.939 143.533.742 3.530.759 329.794.183 2011 26.389.689 90.891.822 68.516.888 143.533.742 3.537.686 332.869.828 2012 25.869.913 90.891.822 70.953.645 143.533.742 3.544.613 334.793.736
Total annual area of additional peat land subject to biological oxidation in Indonesia Year Annual area of peat
subject to degradation (Ha)
2001 85.987 2002 238.235 2003 228.510 2004 284.551 2005 350.129 2006 524.131 2007 262.858 2008 274.848 2009 409.098 2010 202.130 2011 258.214 2012 261.759
NOTE:
Total annual GHG emissions from peat biological oxidation on disturbed peatland for 2001–2012. Results are broken down by REDD+ activity that initiated the peatland drainage and degradation. Areas represent the total additional annual area of peatland subject to biological oxidation, for the purposes of GHG accounting in the INCAS framework.
