THE STUDY OF SOCIAL TRADITION
IN “THE LOTTERY” AND
FAMILY VALUES IN
“CHARLES” BY SHIRLEY JACKSON’S SHORT
STORIES
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Sarjana Degree of
English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities
Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya
By
Niswatul Ummah
Reg Number: A83212175
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
xi
ABSTRACT
Ummah. Niswatul. 2016. The Study of Social Tradition in “The Lottery” and
Family Values in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson. English Department. Faculty of Arts and Humanities. State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Thesis Advisor: Sufi Ikrima Sa’adah, M. Hum
This thesis analyzes about social tradition in “The Lottery” and family values in
‘Charles”. Those two short stories are written by Shirley Jackson. The researcher
uses Sociological Approach to analyze the the issues occurred in the two short stories. The researcher used descriptive-qualitative approach as the way to analyzes, and the method that researcher used is Qualitative so, the main instrument is researcher itself. Through the analysis, it is found that the Social
tradition which happened in “The Lottery” short story is a tradition believed to
bring good luck to the citizen, although the rule is very cruel. It is stoning the winner of the lottery until death. Although the tradition requires the winner of the lottery to be killed, the citizen is only silent because this tradition has been carried
on from generation to generation. While issue occurred in the “Charles” is the
prevailing norm and rule in a family. Given this rule and norm, making Laurie lied to his parents by creating an imaginary character named Charles to cover up his naughtyness in his school. He is doing that in order not to get the punishment from his parents. Because the rule is a boy must be a good boy, while Laurie is a
naughty child. And the function in “The Lottery is to get a good harvest and get
luck whereas family values in “Charles is to make a child decipline, responsibility and become a good child.
ABSTRAK
Ummah. Niswatul. 2016. The Study of Social Tradition in “The Lottery” and
Family Values in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson. Skripsi. Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Pembimbing: Sufi Ikrima Sa’adah, M. Hum
Tesis ini meneliti tradisi sosial dalam “The Lottery” dan nilai-nilai keluarga dalam
“Charles”. Dua cerita pendek tersebut adalah karya Shirley Jackson peneliti
menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi untuk menganalisi isu-isu dalam kedua cerita pendek tersebut. Peneliti menggunakan descriptive-qualitative approach sebagai langkah-langkah untuk menganalisis, dan metode yang peneliti gunakan adalah qualitatif sehingga instrumen utamanya adalah dirinya sendiri. Hasil dari analisi
ini menemukan bahwa social Tradition yang terjadi pada “The Lottery” adalah
sebuah tradisi yang dipercayai membawa keberuntungan bagi warga, akan tetapi peraturan dari tradisi tersebut sangat kejam. Hukuman yang didapat oleh pemenang adalah rajam hingga meninggal. Meskipun, mengakibatkan korban terbunuh, penduduk desa hanya diam tidak membantah sebab tradisi ini telah
dilakukan dari generasi ke generasi. Sedangkan isu yang terjadi di “Charles” yaitu
norma dan peraturan yang berlaku di sebuah keluarga. Dengan adanya peraturan dan norma ini, menjadikan Laurie berbohong kepada orang tuanya dengan menciptakan karakter imajinasi yang bernama Charles untuk menutupi kenakalannya di sekolah. Ini dilakukannya agar tidak mendapatkan hukuman dari orang tuanya. Karena, aturan yang berlaku di keluarganya adalah anak laki-laki harus menjadi anak yang baik, sedangkan Laurie adalah anak yang nakal. Dan fungsi yang terdapat pada “he Lottery” adalah untuk memperoleh hasil panen
yang baik dan beruntung, sedangkan nilai-nilai keluarga yang di ‘Charles” adalah,
untuk menjadikan anak lebih disiplin, bertanggungjawab, dan menjadi aka yang baik.
Thesis Advisor’s Approval Page ... v
Thesis Examiner’s Approval Page ... vi
Motto ... vii
Acknowledgment ... viii
Table of Content ... ix
Abstract ... xi
Abstrak ... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1. Background of the Study ... 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem... 5
1.3. Purpose of the Study ... 5
1.4. Significance of the Study ... 6
1.5. Scope and Limitation ... 6
1.6. Method of the Study ... 7
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ... 9
2.1. Theoretical Framework ... 9
2.1.1. Sociological Approach ... 9
2.1.1.1Tradition ... 9
2.1.1.2Family Values ... 11
a. Family ... 11
2.1.1.3Values and Norm ... 12
2.2 Rview of Related Studies... 13
CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS... 14
3.1. The social Tradition in Shirley Jackson’s “ The Lottery” ... 14
3.2. Family Values in “Charles” Short Sory by Shirley Jackson... 25
3.3. The Function of Tradition in “The Lottery” and Family Values in “Charles” towards the society in the story ... 34
3.3.1. The function of tradition in “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson ... 35
3.3.2. The function of family values in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson ... 37
CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION ... 39
Work Cited ... 42
APPENDIX ... 44
Biography the Author ... 44
Synopsis of “The Lottery” ... 45
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study.
Peter and Roger define literature as a beautiful word and beautiful
language, which is created by a thinking, feeling or situation that is being
experienced by a person then assembled into a word (128). In a literary
work someone can give information to the reader about law values,
traditions stories, crime, romance and religion. Because here a person is
free to create literary works through writing. A literary work can lead us to
experience the world around us with a way of thinking through
imagination. We can also explore imagination that we have and write it in
such as: short story, poem, drama and novel. (Cuddon 472)
The thesis writer refers analyze the short story as a subject because
according to Abrams (286) short story is a short work, shorter than novel
or drama whose elements can be in either novel or drama, and the analysis
of short story can be about the intrinsic elements. Since short story is
shorter than any other literary genres, it makes easier to read than novel.
There are two elements or two aspects in literature that can be
analyzed. They are intrinsic and extrinsic elements. Extrinsic elements
deal with the external aspects from literary works such as: biography,
background of the study, social condition and so on. The second aspect is
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literary work such as: plot, theme, setting, style, symbol, point of view,
and character. (Peter and Roger 129)
The main concern of this thesis is social issues in two short stories by
Shirley Jackson. They are social tradition in “The Lottery” and family
values “Charles”. Judy (5-6) states that Shirley Jackson began writing
when she was a teenager. She is famous with the terrible tradition or can
be said of horror literary work. Shirley Jackson can also be said as a writer
that has a high potential with variations in her work, so she can have her
own achievements in the literary world. Shirley Jackson’s potential is not
just about the style of writing, such as the brutal story in “The Lottery” and
in “Charles”, but also the themes of her writing. She wrote about class,
gender, self –supervision and madness and horror or cruelty. She is more
focused in all that choice as a theme during her career.
Short story under the title “the Lottery” was firstly published in New
York. Du Bose (4) argues that because of this story Shirley Jackson often
gets comments because this story is considered a horror story that does not
have a sense of humanity.
“The Lottery” is the famous literary work written by Shirley Jackson
at the time. This short story also has some critical reviews from the reader,
because the tradition that happen in the short story is very terrible. The
tradition is lottery, but in this story, the lottery’s tradition is different with
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punishment instead of reward. The punishment is to be stoned to death by
all citizen of the village, and that makes it a terrible tradition.
“The Lottery” tells about a tradition in a village that held every June
27. The tradition is named the lottery. People were gathered in the village
square. The leader of the tradition is Mr. Summer. He had the list of the
family heads because the lottery is to retrieve one of head of family. It
turned out that the lottery this time fell to the Hutchinson family because
Mr. Hutchinson got his paper with black dot. It meant that his entire family
must take the lottery to decide which member will get the black point.
Unfortunately, the black-dotted paper was taken by Mrs. Hutchinson. Then
all of the crowds were approaching a pile of rocks that have been available
in the corner of the village, and throw the rocks to Mrs. Hutchinson. She
got stoned by all of citizen, because the tradition said that the winner of the
lottery is to be stoned until death.
The second object is Shirley Jackson’s another short story “Charles”.
The writer also uses this short story, because Shirley Jackson just has three
short stories and it is these two short stories that issue of Culture or
sociology. So, the writer will use these short stories to analyze.
“Charles” tells the story of Laurie. Laurie is a boy who had just started
his kindergarten school. On his first day to school, her mother asked him,
about his school. Laurie said that the school is like usual, but there is a boy
named Charles getting punishment in class. He told it to his mother every
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When there is a meeting at school, Laurie’s mother came to Laurie‘s
teacher. The teacher said to Laurie’s mother if Laurie had some troubles
getting used to at school. Laurie’s mother answered may be it happen
because of Charles, but the teacher said that no students were named
Charles in school or in the same class with Laurie.
This story tells about the kid who hides his fault from his parents by
creating a fake name Charles, although in his school there is nobody called
Charles. Charles is just his imagination to avoid his parent’s anger. The
researcher thinks that this short story is have a moral value, because in this
short strory give a lesson that not all the rule that good for our self is good
for aother. It also makes the reader confused if they just read it one time.
But it is a kind of short story that mixes mystery and realism. Mystery
because Laurie as a child must be lied to avoid the punishment. So, it
becomes the reason the writer chooses this short story to become the object
of this study.
Based on the background previously stated, Shirley Jackson’s short
stories “The Lottery “and “Charles” are chosen to be the object of analysis
by using Sociological Approach focusing on social Tradition in the “The
Lottery” and Family Values in “ Charles” Short stories under the title “The
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1.2. Statement of Problem
This study is conducted to answer the problems which are formulated
in the following questions:
1.2.1. How is social tradition described in Shirley Jakson’s “The Lottery”
short stories?
1.2.2. How are family values described in Shirley Jackson’s “Charles”
short stories?
1.2.3. What are the functions of tradition in the “The Lottery” and Family
Values in “Charles” towards the society in the story?
1.3. Purpose of Study
This study concerns of presenting a brief account for the readers about
the problems stated previously. Through this study, the writer tries to
present the following aims:
1.3.1. To describe social tradition in Shirley Jakson’s “The Lottery” short
stories
1.3.2. To describe family values in Shirley Jackson’s “Charles” short
stories
1.3.3. To know the functions of tradition in the “The Lottery” and Family
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1.4. Significance of the Study
The writer hopes this study gives the benefit to the readers and the
next researchers. The researcher hopes the readers will know more about
the social tradition in “The Lottery and Family values in “Charles” by
Shirley Jackson’s, that happened in these two short stories. The researcher
hopes, this research can help the readers, especially for English literature
students to be a reference for future research and especially in the
knowledge of social tradition in “The Lottery” and Family values in
“Charles”, and the things contained the social tradition and Family values,
the analysis of social tradition and Family values in literature, especially in
the short story by Shirley Jackson.
For the general reader, the researcher hopes that this research can help
understand more about the works of Shirley Jackson. Other than that the
readers can understand the social tradition in “The Lottery” and Family
values in “Charles”, that occurs in society that is told in the short stories
written by Shirley Jackson
1.5. Scope and Limitation
To make this study still on track, the writer limits this research on the
object and then chooses the factors that need to be analyzed. Thus, this
study focuses on social Tradition that happen in Shirley Jackson’s “The
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Sociologicl Approach to base the analysis of these two short stories by
Shirley Jackson.
1.6. Methodology
1.6.1.Research instrument
a. Object of Study
The writer uses Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” and “Charles”
short stories as the object of the research
b. Instruments
Instrument on research is important to collect the data.
Therefore, the important instrument in this research is the researcher
as the reader of short stories
1.6.2.Data
a. Data Sources
The main data source of this research is Shirley Jackson’s short
stories entitled “The Lottery” and “Charles”. Meanwhile, the
supporting data sources is references and materials related to the
study, which are take from books, thesis, internet, journal, essay and
soon
b. Data Collection
Some steps to collect the data are as follow:
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Searching some books, essays, journals and theses that have
correlation with the problems.
Reading some references to help the writer to know how far the
object have analyzed, and also to increase the knowledge of
object that will be analyse.
Make note or underline on the important part based on the
statement of the problem.
1.6.3.Data Analysis
In the data analysis, the researcher did some steps as follows: First,
the researcher analyzes social tradition that occurs in “The Lottery”
by Shirley Jackson, after knowing the social tradition in “The
Lottery”, the researcher continues to analyze the Family values in
“Charles” by Shirley Jackson. And the last one the researcher
analyzes the function of tradition in “The Lottery” and family values
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Frame Work
In this chapter the researcher explains the theory to be used as the basis of
analyzing Shirley Jackson’s short stories entitled “The Lottery” and “Charles”\.
The researcher applies sociological approach, because following Wellek and
Warren, literature consists of social contents (90).This study specifically examines
the tradition, family values and the effect of the tradition and the family values
towards the people in the story. The reviews of the theory will be described as
follow:
2.1.1.Sociological Approach
Stolley quotes Rebach and Bruhn that studying sociology is studying
human life in their social life. Sociology is thinking, behaving, or doing
something that has been used by the people in a particular group, family,
society in a long time and done from generation to generation (1). This
study may focus to families, communities, entire cities, or even nations.
2.1.1.1. Tradition
The concept of tradition is original from the latin meaning “ something
handed over” (Garburn 1). Tradition was culture features which can change
the situation, to be continued from generation to generation, to be handed on
thought about preserved and not lost.
Horner argues that idea of tradition is as a reservation. Tradition as
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and sense of safety. Cultural traditions also function to strengthen a sense of
community. Tradition contributes a sense of comfort and belonging. It
brings families together and enables people to reconnect with friends. (4)
There are some function in tradition of society, the Functions of the
tradition are follow:
1. Tradition reinforces values such as freedom, faith, integrity, a good
education, personal responsibility, a strong work ethic, and the value
of being selfless.
2. Tradition provides a forum to showcase role models and celebrate the
things that really matter in life.
3. Tradition offers a chance to say “thank you” for the contribution that
someone has made.
4. Tradition enables us to showcase the principles of our Founding
Fathers, celebrate diversity, and unite as a country.
5. Tradition serves as an avenue for creating lasting memories for our
families and friends.
6. Tradition offers an excellent context for meaningful pause and
reflection. (Frank 7)
2.1.1.2. Family Values
Stolley states that family is one example of social institutions. Social
institutions are the major social organizations formed to meet our social
U m m a h | 11
a. Family
Family is the smallest identifiable unit of a social group. It is an
aggregation of individual relations between the member who has
structure and organization which includes rule, norm, ritual etc. (Chuduri
4). Cannan and Warren statet that family has support practice. It means to
promote the support network to children and their family member by
formal or informal organization. It can growing the acknowledgement in
citizenship by attitude that appear of family member in citizenship.(103)
As the smallest social group family certainly has function. The
function of family will be the following:
1. Family regulates sexual bahavior
2. Family is responsible for reproduction and norm, values and beliefs
3. Families nurture and protect children and provide emotional support
for adults
4. The main socializing institution for new members of society.
b. Value
Values is talk about the philosophy not about the meaning only. Values
will guide our behaviour in many ways. Values are the criteria people use
in assessing their daily lives; arrange their priorities and choosing between
alternative course of action. So, it is a general conceptions of “the good”,
ideas about the kind of ends that people should pursue throughout their
lives and throughout the many different activities in which they engage
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The Functions of Values are follow:
1. Values provide goals or ends for the members to aim for.
2. Values provide for stabilities and uniformities in group interaction.
3. Values bring legitimacy to the rules that govern specific activities.
4. Values help to bring about some kind of adjustment between different
sets of rules. (mondal 13)
2.1.1.3.Values and Norms
The category of value is divided into two, they are, values of individual
and values of social. Individual value deals with something valuable
towards and individual. Meanwhile, social values are individual desires that
compromise to ethical principles. Moreover, norms are something that
should be done by the people in certain situations, and almost all of society
has norms inherited from generation to generation. (Deji 52)
2.2.Review Of The Study
2.2.1. Hicks Jo Lynn’s 1974 thesis under the title “Shirley Jackson as a
Modern Gothic author”, from Texas A & M University. In this thesis
Hicks analyzes about the writer style. So, he just focused on the way
the author is writing the short story and the analysis is only on “The
Lottery” short story. The analysis found that the author wrote the
short story using gothic style.
2.2.2. Kinanti Sayekti Putri’s 2014 graduate thesis under the title
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analysis about the Patriarchy System that happened in main character
Mrs. Tessie on The Lottery short story. In here, Kinanti analyzes
through feminist point of view, because the writer conducts this thesis
in order to reveal the patriarchy system faced by women characters of
the short story and also the way the main character fights against the
patriarchy system.
2.2.3. O’brien, kenneth. 1968. The Sociology of Literature:Georg Lukacs, by
university of Leicester, England in this thesis, analyzed about dialect
movement of history and the great genres of literature which portray
the totality of history, and the sociology of literature in north america
and europe is examined in the contec of lukacs ideas, so in this thesis,
o’brien just analyzed o examined the theory by Lukacs idea in
U m m a h | 14
CHAPTER III
SOCIAL TRADITION IN “THE LOTTERY AND FAMILY VALUES IN
“CHARLES” BY SHIRLEY JACKSON’S SHORT STORIES
In this chapter, the researcher analyzes social tradition in “The Lottery and
family values in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson. Here, the researcher explains the
relevant data according to the problems stated in the first chapter. The data is
taken from the paragraphs and from the conversation among the characters in both
short stories.
For the first part, the researcher analyzes the social tradition that happens in
“The Lottery” short story. The second part, the researcher analyzes social tradition
that happens in “Charles” short story and the last problem, the researcher analyzes
the function of social tradition in “The Lottery” and family values in “Charles”
towards the society in the story. All those problems are analyzed based on
Sociological Approach.
3.1 Social tradition in Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery”.
“The Lottery” is one of the short stories written by Shirley Jackson.
This short story tells about an annual ritual that happens in a village. The
ritual is called a lottery. The first paragraph of the short story tells the time
of the lottery.
U m m a h | 15
profusely and the grass was richly green. The people of the village
began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank,
around ten o'clock; in some towns there were so many people that
the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 2th. but in
this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the
whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten
o'clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the
villagers to get home for noon dinner. (1)
The above quotation explains that the lottery happens in summer. It is
in the morning of June 27th. The lottery starts at ten o’clock and takes two
hours to finish. It is an obligation for every people of the village to follow
it.
As the village’s annual event, the lottery itself becomes social
tradition of the village. It is because the lottery is representing the social
contract, the social norms, and the social hierarchies of the village. The
lottery represents the social contract because it has been held for very long
time. It is expressed by Old Man Warner who is the oldest man of the
village: "Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery," Old Man Warner said
as he went through the crowd. "Seventy-seventh time." (4).
The quotation proves that even it is not stated, but the people of the
village agree to have it every year for seventy seven times. It means that
there is such an unwritten contract between the people to keep the lottery
U m m a h | 16
The lottery also represents the norm of the villagers because it
demands every villager to join the event: “The children assembled first, of
course. … Soon the men began to gather. … The women, wearing faded
house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. …” (1). The
lottery is also believed to bring peace and prosperity if it is done properly.
Old Man Warner said that he used to hear a saying about ‘lottery in June,
corn be heavy soon’ (3). It means that the people of the village believe that
if they do the lottery, they will get good harvest from their corn fields.
the lottery also represents hierarchy of the village. The lottery is
always conducted by the same person from time to time. He is Mr.
Summers:
The lottery was conducted―as were the square dances, the teen
club, the Halloween program―by Mr. Summers. Who had time
and energy to devote to civic activities. He was a round-faced,
jovial man and he ran the coal business, and people were sorry for
him. Because he had no children and his wife was a scold. When he
arrived in the square, carrying the black wooden box, there was a
murmur of conversation among the villagers, and he waved and
called. "Little late today, folks." The postmaster, Mr. Graves,
followed him, carrying a three-legged stool, and the stool was put
in the center of the square and Mr. Summers set the black box
U m m a h | 17
Although the tradition is called the lottery, it is conducted not to
choose a person to give a present, but to choose a person to be sacrificed.
The person who gets a slip with a black dot is chosen to be stoned to death
as a form of sacrifice, so that the next harvest will produce abundantly.
The beginning of the story gives a clue about the stoning:
“Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and
the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest
and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie
Delacroix― the villagers pronounced this name
"Dellacroy"―eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner
of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. …”
(1)
The quotation above shows that the children already prepare the
stones before the lottery begins. There is not any explanation why the
children do that, but in the end of the story it is clear that the stones are for
throwing the one who gets the lottery: “All right, folks.” Mr. Summers
said. “Let's finish quickly.” (7)
Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual of tradition and lost the
original black box they still remembered to use stones. The pile of stones
the boys had made earlier was ready; there were stones on the ground with
the blowing scraps of paper that had come out of the box. Delacroix
selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands and turned
U m m a h | 18
stones in both hands, and she said. gasping for breath. “I ca’'t run at all.
You’ll have to go ahead and I'll catch up with you.” The children had
stones already. And someone gave little Davy Hutchinson a few pebbles.”
(7).
Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now, and
she held her hands out desperately as the villagers moved on her. “It isn't
fair,” she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head. Old Man Warner
was saying, “Come on, come on, everyone.” Steve Adams was in the front
of the crowd of villagers, with Mrs. Graves beside him.”It isn’t fair, it is’'t
right,” Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her. (7).
The quotations above signify that social tradition may make a wrong
action become a right one, and so it is with the lottery. A murder is wrong
and forbidden to do, but in the name of social tradition it becomes an
ordinary thing to maintain the tritiadon in a society.
the lottery became a tradition that has been on the run for years with
the norms and beliefs that have been set. It makes most village people
believe in the tradition of lottery. However, there are also people who do
not agree with this tradition, arguing that the tradition will only hurt the
innocent people and the way to do it is an act of sadism or cruelty.
Thus, in every act made will have an effect on anyone who did. In the
tradition of lottery, there are also negative and positive effects felt by the
U m m a h | 19
In “The Lottery”, there was an annual tradition that to some people
this tradition does not make sense. As Mrs. Huchinson who feels that
tradition is not fair.
Other than Mrs. Hutchinson, there is almost nobody who is brave to
say that the lottery tradition is not fair. The village people just keep saying
nothing whether they agree or disagree with the tradition. It is shown by
the following quotation:
Mr. Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a
new box, but no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was
represented by the black box. There was a story that the present
box had been made with some pieces of the box that had preceded
it, the one that had been constructed when the first people settled
down to make a village here. (1)
The quotation above describes when Mr. Summer explains about his
plan of renewing the lottery’s box, but the citizen is only silent. They are
doing this because they are afraid to disapprove this tradition that has been
held since the first settling of the village.
So, from the above quotation, it is known that all of citizen respect
and obey to this tradition. It is because they think that by holding on to this
tradition, they will be assigned to luck. They belief that by doing this
tradition their harvest will be good and abundant. If they do not do the
U m m a h | 20
belief happens because the majority of the population worked as farmers,
that is corn farmers.
The strong belief of the village people towards the tradition makes
them do not want to question its plausibility. If there are people who feel
doubt about the lottery, they only say it secretly. Just like what Mr. and
Mrs. Adams say:
“They do say,” Mr. Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood
next to him, “that over in the north village they’re talking of giving
up the lottery.”…..”Some places have already quit lotteries.” Mrs.
Adams said. (4)
Although Mr. and Mrs. Adams only say that in some places the lottery
is not held anymore, their statement implies that they do not agree with the
lottery. They might think that this tradition has wasted the lives of others
only to be sacrificed, so that they feel this tradition does not have to be
held.
the tradition as the binding norm in their life. Therefore, nobody dares
to reject it directly. It is because most of them believe that, if they do not
doing the tradition then this years crop will fail. Therefore, this tradition is
still carried out. However, because not every citizen trust and agree on the
tradition of the Lottery.
One of the citizen who says that he does not agree with that tradition
U m m a h | 21
Mr. Adams to Old Man Warner, it means that he wants to dismiss the
tradition of the Lottery.
"They do say," Mr. Adams said to Old Man Warner, who stood
next to him, "that over in the north village they're talking of giving
up the lottery."
Old Man Warner snorted. "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening
to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you
know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody
work any more, live hat way for a while. Used to be a saying about
'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.' First thing you know, we'd all
be eating stewed chickweed and acorns. There's always been a
lottery," he added petulantly. "Bad enough to see young Joe
Summers up there joking with everybody."
"Some places have already quit lotteries." Mrs. Adams said.
"Nothing but trouble in that," Old Man Warner said stoutly. "Pack
of young fools." (4)
From the conversation above, Mr. Adams said that the tradition of the
Lottery is stopped in some places. but with the norms in force for years,
the suggestion or action undertaken by Mr. Adam is useless, because the
Old Man Warner said that it was just a stupid act. But Mr. Adam saying
that because according to Mr. Adam is the punishment given to the
winners is not as a gift, but a very cruel punishment, and it is violating
U m m a h | 22
Besides Mr. Adam, there is one citizen who did not approve the
lottery, she is Mrs. Hutchinson. She was a housewife. From the beginning
she did not agree with the tradition so that she always comes too late for
the reason that she would forget this day, when the tradition will be held.
And this is becoming the talk of the other citizen. In fact, they know that
Mrs. Hutchinson had come too late in purpose.
“Just as Mr. Summers finally left off talking and turned to the
assembled villagers, Mrs. Hutchinson came hurriedly along the
path to the square, her sweater thrown over her shoulders, and slid
into place in the back of the crowd. “Clean forgot what day it was,”
she said to Mrs. Delacroix, who stood next to her, and they both
laughed softly. “Thought my old man was out back stacking
wood,” Mrs. Hutchinson went on. “and then I looked out the
window and the kids was gone, and then I remembered it was the
twentyseventh and came a running.” She dried her hands on her
apron, and Mrs. Delacroix said, “You're in time, though. They’re
still talking away up there”. (2)
In the quotation above, it potrays Mrs. Hutchinson came late to the
lottery's tradition. It is an expression or action from her that she did not
approve of that tradition, but she covered it with the excuse that she forgot
that today the lottery tradition will be conducted.
U m m a h | 23
husband, Mr. Hutchison: “Suddenly, all the women Began to speak at
once, saving. “Who is it ?,” “Who's got it ?,” “Is it the Dunbars ?,” “Is it
the Watsons?” Then the voices Began to say, “It’s Hutchinson. It’s Bill”
“Bill Hutchinson’s got it.” ... (5). She immediately felt that this was not
fair. She feels this is just an engineering. Mrs. Hutchinson protests to Mr.
Summer as the leader of lottery Tradition, to shuffle over and give her
husband time to choose again.
“People began to look around to see the Hutchinsons. Bill
Hutchinson was standing quiet, staring down at the paper in his
hand. Suddenly. Tessie Hutchinson shouted to Mr. Summers. “You
didn’t give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw
you. It wasn't fair!” . “Be a good sport, Tessie”. Mrs. Delacroix
called, and Mrs. Graves said, “All of us took the same chance”.
“Shut up, Tessie,” Bill Hutchinson said”. (5).
But the norm is still norm, because the rules have been set and
approved, the tradition is still running even though there are some who
protest. Tradition still to be continued, because who disagree with their
traditions and anyway only a minority of the lower classes, so the protest
or advice do not affect the action of tradition. As Mr. Adam and Mrs.
Hutcinson who felt that the tradition is not fair, because it contains
elements of coercion and torture.
But the tradition is continued, so who gets the black dot on the paper
U m m a h | 24
black box that already contains paper and one of them will get the blak
dot. So the head of the family who assigned the black dot will have a
chance to be a winner in the tradition of the Lotery. But Mrs. Hutchinson
was worried, because by getting black dot, then one family member will
become a victim in the tradition this year.
The anxiety of Mrs. Hutchinson is increasing when only she has not
opened the paper, while other family members are already open, and the
paper they hold is a blank paper. So, most likely the black dot is in her
hand. All of the views of citizens were on Mrs. Hutchinson, they were
ready to pelt him with stones in their hands. After Mrs. Hutchinson opened
it, the black dot is indeed in her. directly Mrs. Hutchinson ran screaming
that this is unfair, it's unfair, but all citizens still to throwing the stones to
her.
The regulation used in the lottery tradition is that the winner will get a
very cruel punishment. The punishment is stoning to death, which is done
by all citizen in the village. They threw small stones to the person chosen
in the tradition of lottery to death.
“Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original
black box, they still remembered to use stones. The pile of stones
the boys had made earlier was ready; there were stones on the
ground with the blowing scraps of paper that had come out of the
U m m a h | 25
both hands and turned to Mrs. Dunbar. "Come on," she said.
"Hurry up”. (7)
“Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now,
and she held her hands out desperately as the villagers moved in on
her. “It isn’t fair,” she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head.
Old Man Warner was saying, “Come on, come on, everyone”.
Steve Adams was in the front of the crowd of villagers, with Mrs.
Graves beside him.
“It isn’t fair, it isn’t right”, Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they
were upon her”. (7)
3.2. Family values in “Charles” short story by Shirley Jackson
“Charles” is another Shirley Jackson’s short story that is being
analyzed in this study. The short story tells about a little boy named Laurie
who starts his first day at kindergarten. From that day on, Laurie always
comes home with a story about a classmate named Charles who seems to
be a trouble maker. What his parents never know is that Charles is only a
fictional character Laurie created and that he made up all the stories about
Charles.
The story starts with the narrator, who is also Laurie’s mother,
“watched [her son] go off the first morning”. He goes to school “wearing
blue jeans with a belt” and “forgot to wave goodbye to [his mother].” (1).
The researcher’s first impression towards Laurie’s action is that he might
U m m a h | 26
However, as the story goes, the researcher finds that Laurie is quite a
rude and impolite boy. It can be seen in the following quotations:
He came home the same way, the front door slamming open, his
cap on the floor, and the voice suddenly become raucous shouting,
“ Isn’t anybody here?”....At lunch he spoke insolently to his father,
spilled his baby sister’s milk, and remarked that his teacher said we
were not to take the name of the Lord in vain. (1)
From the quotation it can be seen that Laurie used to come home by
slamming the door, throwing his cap, and shouting. He also speaks
impolitely towards his father. These actions show that Laurie is actually
not a good boy.
The family values in this story is represented by the norm exists in the
family and at school, which says whoever does wrong will get the
punishment. Therefore, Laurie tells lies about the bad things Charles did
which is actually Laurie’s doings. Although he just started his
kindergarten, Laurie seems to realize that if he lets his parents know about
his naughty acts at school, they will punish him.
Laurie’s story about Charles started at his first day at school. When
his parents ask him about his school that day, Laurie answered them coldly
and told them about Charles’s punishment:
“How was school today?” I asked, elaborately casual.
U m m a h | 27
Laurie regarded his father coldly. “I didn’t learn nothing,” he
said.“Anything,” I said. “Didn’t learn anything”
“The teacher spanked a boy, though,” Laurie said, addressing his
bread and butter. “For being fresh,” he added, with his mouth full.
“What did he do?” I asked. “Who was it?”
Laurie thought. “It was Charles,” he said. “He was fresh. The
teacher spanked him and made him stand in a corner. He was
awfully fresh.”
“What did he do?” I asked again, but Laurie slid off his chair, took
a cookie, and left, while his father was still saying, “See here,
young man.” (1)
The quotation above explains Laurie’s story about his classmate
named Charles. According to Laurie, Charles is spanked by the teacher
because he was fresh. Fresh here means having no respect to other person.
Because of behaving impolitely, which is wrong according to social norm,
Charles is punished.
Starts from that day, Laurie always comes home with a new story of
Charles: The next day Laurie remarked at lunch, as soon as he sat down,
“Well, Charles was bad again today.” … “Today Charles hit the teacher.”
...“Good heavens,” I said, mindful of the Lord’s name, “I suppose he got
spanked again?” (1)
The quotation above tells about Charles’ another bad act which is to
U m m a h | 28
not. From her reaction, it implies that Laurie’s mother really holds the
norms that whoever does wrong should be punished.
That is one reason Lauire creates imaginary character named Charles.
It is to cover up his mistakes that are often done at his school. Laurie did
such a thing because he wanted to avoid the punishment that will be given
to him if his parents know he had done bad thing at school. Therefore,
when her mother asked Laurie, about Charles’ naughtyness, he turned back
and told her that the errors Charles did made all students stay to watch him
getting punished by her teacher:
“You know what Charles did?” he demanded, following me
through the door. “Charles yelled so in school they sent a boy in
from first grade to tell the teacher she had to make Charles keep
quiet, and so Charles had to stay after school. And so all the
children stayed to watch him.” (2).
The quotation above illustrates that Laurie had understood about the
norm in his family. By saying about punishmet that is given by the teacher
to Charles, and the other classmates stay to see Charles, it is as an example
to the others not to do things like that. This is also as a warning for others.
This also signifies that the rules at school also represent the norm about
getting punishment for doing bad thing. With the norm in force in the
family and at school made Laurie thinks to create the imaginary character
U m m a h | 29
Laurie has known about the norm and rule implied in his family. So,
he lied by using a fake character to hide anything about his naughty
behavior in his school. Listening to Laurie’s story every day, Laurie’s
mother starts to feel worry and wants to meet Laurie’s teacher as soon as
possible, to ask something about Charles. However, when Laurie’s mother
asks about Charles to Laurie’s teacher, she said that there is not any
student named Charles in the kindergarden: “Charles?” she said. “We
don’t have any Charles in the kindergarten.” (4). This illustrates that
Charles is just a character created by Laurie’s imagination. and not the real
character.
He did it because he did not want to follow the norm in his family and
school. Although it is not stated directly, the norms and values in his
family and school is implied that a kid should have good attitude. And if
he did not do that, he would get the punishment. However, Laurie does not
agree with the norms. But he also does not want to be punished if he
breaks the norms. So, he creates a new character that can save himself
from his parents’s punishment.
But as the rule that happen in the story have effect to the member of
family, so the effect of family values in this story is that a person may be
forced to lie in order to follow the norm. It happens with Laurie. He needs
to lie to his parents about his bad behavior to save himself from getting
U m m a h | 30
bad attitude that Charles doing in the kindergarden to his parents. He
always tells about it everyday after he is going home:
The next day Laurie remarked at lunch, as soon as he sat down,
“Well, Charles was bad again today.” He grinned enormously and
said, “Today Charles hit the teacher.”
“Good heavens,” I said, mindful of the Lord’s name, “I suppose he
got spanked again?” (1)
The quotation above describes Laurie who tells about Charles again.
His mother believes his story and starts to feel worry what if Laurie gets
influenced by Charles. She expresses her worry to her husband:
On Saturday I remarked to my husband, “Do you think
kindergarten is too unsettling for Laurie? All this toughness, and
bad grammar, and this Charles boy sounds like such a bad
influence.” (2)
This qoutation talks about Laurie’s mother who feels worry about the
condition that will influences her son in school. It is because almost
everyday Laurie tells about the bad attitude or the naughtiness of Charles.
Laurie tells about Charles’s bad attitude everyday for three weeks. It
makes his parents really believe that Charles is really a bad boy. Even
when Laurie and his sister do something that is considered bad, his parents
remark it as just like Charles’ doing:
U m m a h | 31
afternoon; Laurie did a Charles when he filled his wagon full of
mud and pulled it through the kitchen; even my husband, when he
caught his elbow in the telephone cord and pulled telephone,
ashtray, and a bowl of flowers off the table, said, after the first
minute, “Looks like Charles.” (3)
The quotation above describes how Laurie’s parents make Charles an
example of bad attitude. They seem to blame Charles for every bad thing
Laurie does; that it is because Charles’ influence. The need to make Laurie
follows the norms of being a good boy makes Laurie’s parents use Charles
as a scapegoat. Therefore, when one day Laurie comes home with the story
of Charles doing good things, his parents do not believe him:
…. “Charles was so good today the teacher gave him an apple.”
“What?” I said, and my husband added warily, “You mean
Charles?”….“Can this be true, aboutCharles?” I asked my
husband that night. “Can something like this happen?”
“Wait and see,” my husband said cynically. “When you’ve got a
Charles to deal with, this may mean he’s only plotting.” (4)
The quotation above expresses Laurie’s parents who already think
that Charles is a bad boy and it is impossible for him to be good. Laurie’s
father even thinks that it was just Charles’ lie. What Laurie’s parents think
about Charles implies that the need to keep the social norms sometimes
makes people accuse those who ever do bad thing as a bad person forever,
U m m a h | 32
“On Saturday I remarked to my husband, “Do you think kindergarten
is too unsettling for Laurie? All this toughness,and bad grammar, and this
Charles boy sounds like such a bad influence.” (2)
With the above statement, it proves that Laurie’s parents feel worried
towards his development. They began to observe any existing development
in Laurie, because the environment can affect behavior in children, and at
the age of Laurie is still very easy to be affected with small things like that.
so both Laurie’s parents wanted to meet the parents of Charles. They are
curious as to whether parents who have children that bad: “It’ll be all
right,” my husband said reassuringly. “Bound to be people like Charles in
the world. Might as well meet them now as later.” (2)
Laurie’s parents are not just curious and wanted to meet both Charles’
parents alone, but Laurie’s mother also wanted to see Laurie’s teacher at
the time, but her husband said that soon there will be a meeting of parents
in their children's school, so he suggests to go to the parent-Teachers
meeting only.
“Monday night was the first Parent-Teachers meeting, and only the
fact that the baby had a cold kept me from going; I wanted
passionately to meet Charles’s mother. On Tuesday Laurie
remarked suddenly, “Our teacher had a friend come to see her in
school today.” (3)
U m m a h | 33
increasing when in the third week Laurie said that on this day Charles
obey the teacher, helping teachers and some other good action. This makes
Lauire’s parents felt kind of strange, what actually happened to Charles.
During the third and fourth weeks it looked like a reformation in
Charles; Laurie reported grimly at lunch on Thursday of the third
week, “Charles was so good today the teacher gavehim an apple.”
“What?” I said, and my husband added warily, “You mean
Charles?”. “Charles,” Laurie said. “He gave the crayons around and
he picked up the books afterward and the teacher said he was her
helper.” (3)
The conversation above describes that Laurie’s parents increasingly
feel curious and eager to meet Charles. There are a lot of the question in
their head. They want to ask Charles’ parents and Laurie’s teacher, so
Laurie’s parent can not wait to attend the parent-teacher meeting. So by
the time the meeting held, Lauire’s mother began looking for a figure who
ever is told by Laurie However, she could not find a figure which is the
same as it had been told by Laurie. And finally Lauire’s mother meet
Laurie’s teacher. Lauire’s mother directly asked about the little boy named
Charles, Laurie’s classmate:
“Laurie usually adjusts very quickly,” I said. “I suppose this time
it’s Charles’s influence.”. “Charles?”. “Yes,” I said, laughing, “you
U m m a h | 34
After the conversation above, Lauire’s mother directly said her
intention to meet Laurie’s teacher. Similarly, Laurie’s teacher also wanted
to meet Lauire’s mother to talk about the mischief done by Laurie in his
school. However Laurie’s teacher was surprised and asked her to return
when she heard the child’s name was said by Lauire’s mother.
Laurie’s mother reassured that a friend who is told by Laurie is
Charles, but Laurie’s teacher at once says that she does not have a student
named Charles in kindergarden: “Charles?” she said. “We don’t have any
Charles in the kindergarten.” (4).
The quotation indicates that there is no exact action of Laurie’s
parents to find who the little boy named Charles, Laurie’s classmate who
has bad habits. If they worry about Charles’ bad behavior that might
influence Laurie, they should have called the teacher or came to school to
confirm about Charles at the early days.
3.3.The functions of tradition in “The Lottery” and family values in
“Charles” to wards the society in the story.
In the previous point, researher has been talk about the social tradition that
appeared in “The Lottery” short story and family values in “Charles”. In this
point the researcher is the last problem, it is the function of tradition in “The
U m m a h | 35
3.3.1. The function of tradition in “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson
After know abot the social tradition in “The Lottery”, researcher
will analyze about the function that citizen get from the tradition. In every
tradition did because there is a goal of this action. in this tradition is to
choose which "lucky" villager will have the "honour" of being
ritualistically murdered and continue the tradition that had been
appearence as long time. "Seventy-seventh year I been in the lottery," Old
Man Warner said as he went through the crowd.
"Seventy-seventh time." (4)
Beside it, the reason of the lottery still contiue is a good harvest,
the citizen believed if by doing this tradition, they will get a good harvest
in this years, because almost all of the citizen’s work is as a farmer. So
that why this tradition is still continue.
First thing you know, we'd all be eating stewed chickweed and
acorns. There's always been a lottery," he added petulantly. "Bad
enough to see young Joe Summers up there joking with
everybody." (4)
The winner will be a sacrifice of the tradition, it is still talk about
the luck, because everyone can become a sacrifice in every years, ad they
are think, the winner who become a sacrifiece will be honoured by other
citizen, because by this sacrifice they will get a good harvest in the year.
U m m a h | 36
After that, there was a long pause, a breathless pause, until Mr.
Summers. holding his slip of paper in the air, said, "All right,
fellows." For a minute, no one moved, and then all the slips of
paper were opened. Suddenly, all the women began to speak at
once, saving. "Who is it?," "Who's got it?," "Is it the Dunbars?," "Is
it the Watsons?" Then the voices began to say, "It's Hutchinson. It's
Bill," "Bill Hutchinson's got it." (5)
Althought their believe is strong, there are some citizen who disagree with
this tradition, but they protest is not accept, because this tradition had been
by generation to the generation, and also, Mr Old Men say, just the folsh
generation who want to stopped this tradition, because without this
tradition all of citizen will get unluck and for the farmer will get field
harvest.
Old Man Warner snorted. "Pack of crazy fools," he said. "Listening
to the young folks, nothing's good enough for them. Next thing you
know, they'll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody
work any more, live hat way for a while. Used to be a saying about
'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon (4)
So, every tradition will have a goal or purpose to doing that, and
the goal or purpose in this tradition is to get good harvest and avoid
misfortune because, according to their belief, with these sacrifices will be
U m m a h | 37
Tradition also appear to function as rationalization would be
inhuman or unreasonable. for example, in the tradition of the lottery
happens in fact is an act that could be considered murder, but the action is
justified in the name of tradition.
3.3.2. The function of family values in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson
Function is the reason that will get by doing something or some
action. in this point is talk about the function that appeared in “Charles”
short story, as the story about family its have related with the family
values. The family values in this story is a boy must be a good boy, its
portrayed wan to make a child to be a descipline.
The day my son Laurie started kindergarten he renounced corduroy
overalls with bibs and began wearing blue jeans with a belt; I watched
him go off the first morning with the older girl next door, seeing clearly
that an era of my life was ended, my sweet-voiced nursery-school tot
replaced by a longtrousered, swaggering character who forgot to stop at
the corner and wave good-bye to me. (1)
From qutation above illustrates the discipline teaches by his family,
with neat clothes used by Lauire to go to school, as well as by way of
Laurie's mother pick her up to Laurie went and waved. This proves that
Laurie's mother still wants to make sure that his son actually went to
school.
That way Laurie's mother thinks his son will not not attend in
U m m a h | 38
family. But besides that, there are rules that set by the family, the norm is
the boy must be a good boy. Laurie's mother do this to make the character
of Laurie from childhood to profess being a good boy. But Laurie is a
naughty child, so he lied to cover up his mistake. By telling the
imagination character named Charles. "Charles?" She said. "We do not
have any Charles in the kindergarten." (5). This proves that there is no
name Charles at school.
But in the third week, Laurie told, that Charles did a good thing
today. This indicates that Laurie would change the attitude that during this
time he did so by explaining little by little to a child then the child aka
understood by itself, and this is proven, that Laurie had known what rule is
being applied in the home and family.
During the third and fourth weeks it looked like a reformation in
Charles; Laurie reported grimly at lunch on Thursday of the third
week, “Charles was so good today the teacher gave him an apple.”
“What?” I said, and my husband added warily, “You mean
Charles?” (4)
in a group or custom will be deal with the norm or values. So the
function of family values in”Charles” is make discipline and afraid to do
something wrong, because family values in “Charles” is a boy must be a
good boy. so it make a child can learn which one is a good and which one
U m m a h | 39
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
This chapter describes the summary of the previous chapter. The
previous chapter explains about some points which have been analyzed by
the researcher. There are three points that the reseacher analiyzes. The first
point is about the problems of which social tradition which occurs in “The
Lottery” short story by Shirley Jackson. For the second point of the
researcher analyzing social tradition which occurs in “Charles” short story
by Shirley Jackson. While the last point is function of “The Lottery” and
family values in “Charles” towards of social in story.
The first point is the issue of social tradition on “The Lottery” short
story. It begins when there happens the sadistic and cruel tradition in an
unknown village. The tradition is the lottery. This tradition has been going
on for years. This tradition is a tradition that has been done for generations
and they did this tradition with the belief that by conducting the tradition,
their crops will be increased and will get a good harvest. Likewise, they
believe if they do not do the tradition their harvest this year will fail. It is
because the majority of the population is farmers. The tradition is led by
Mr. Summer because Mr. Summer is in a higher class than others. Mr.
Summer has coal business while others are farmers, so the social status of
Mr. summer is higher than others.
This is felt by Mrs. Hutchinson. She felt that this tradition is not fair,
U m m a h | 40
Adam, they just say it secretly. Because all of citizen are fear and believe
about the tradition.
It is because they believe that with this tradition, the luck will be with
them and their crops will succeed. This happens because the majority of
their work is farmers. If they do not do the tradition, then failure and
unluck will always be with them. Therefore, those who feel do not agree or
feel uneasy with this tradition only express it secretly.
In the second short story is a family values on “Charles’. This story
begins when a little boy named Lauire created the character of imagination
to cover up his mistakes because of the prevailing norm in the family. by
the character of Charles, Laurie can freely tell the his naughty doings with
impunity. Laurie’s parents are very worried about the development of
Laurie in kindergarden.
The norm and rules applied at school and in the family make Laurie
tells lies. Because norm and rule that occur in his family and his school
implied that a kid should have good attitude and if the child did bad
attitude then he will get punishment. Thus, he created a character that was
very naughty to cover up him mistakes and naughtiness and to avoid
getting punishmet from his mother. All the stories about Charles made
Laurie’s mother anxious and worried about the development of Laurie in
kindrgarden. Because, as a child, the environment is very influential for his
U m m a h | 41
The last point is function of the social traditio in “The Lottery” and
family values in “Charles”.if the function in the Lottery is to make harvest
of citizen to e a good, by done the lottery’s traditio an d by give a sacrifice
by the winner of this tradition. It is called sacrifice because the winner will
be stoned until death, without any reason.
And the function of family values in “Charles is make a child
desciplin and become a good child, the rule that used in this family,
anyone who did a wrong way or bad attitude, they will get punishment, so
with this act can make child afraid to do something wrong and will now
U m m a h | 42
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