Scientific Significance for international
Publication, Ethics & Publication in Digital
Era
Tole Sutikno
Kepala Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah (LPPI), Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Editor-in-Chief, TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control , ISSN: 1693-6930 (terakreditasi “A” Dikti, terindeks Scopus Q3)
Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, ISSN: 2088-8694 (terindeks Scopus Q3)
Some words of wisdom (bijak)
• Innovative
application of
older technologies
is often
“good
enough”
• You get a publication if you are the
first to write about
something
1.
Kenali audien
2.
Pikirkan tentang apa yang menarik bagi
3.
Ketika kita menulis,
ALWAYS
keep
our audience & its
interests
dalam pikiran kita
The most important of good writing practices:
“Write with the reader in mind”
= melayani pembaca
Content:
1. Introduction
2. Skeleton (kerangka) of an Article
3. Steps to organizing your manuscript
4. Simple steps in writing & example
Elsevier)
Policies for authors
For details on Elsevier’s polices, visit our
policy pages
.
• Copyright:
rights related to the publication and distribution of research
• Article Sharing
: details on self-archiving and posting
• Article Withdrawal:
article removal or retractions
• Patient Consent:
use of personal information of patients or other
individuals
• Open access licenses:
details on the licenses available when
publishing open access
• Permissions:
obtaining permission for using Elsevier published
material
• Research data:
policy and principles on research data
Elsevier)
Ethics topics to consider when publishing:
• Authorship of the paper: Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study.
• Originality and plagiarism: The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others, that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. • Data access and retention: Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for
editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data.
• Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication: An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Elsevier does not view the following uses of a work as prior publication: publication in the form of an abstract; publication as an academic thesis; publication as an electronic preprint. Information on prior publication is included within each Elsevier journal’s Guide for Authors. Note: Cell Press, The Lancet, and some society-owned titles have
different policies on prior publication. Information on these is available on the journal homepage. • Acknowledgement of sources: Proper acknowledgment.
• Disclosure and conflicts of interest: All submissions must include disclosure of all relationships that could be viewed as presenting a potential conflict of interest.
• Fundamental errors in published works: When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.
• Reporting standards: Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance.
• Hazards and human or animal subjects: Statements of compliance are required if the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, or if it involves the use of animal or human subjects.
mendapat penolakan dan bahkan larangan
menerbitkannya di jurnal"
• Multiple submissions
• Redundant publications
• Plagiarism
• Data fabrication and falsification
As an
International journal?
• The content is from a wide range of international authors,
The Editor asks:
1. What did I
learn
from reading this paper?
2. Is it
worth
knowing
(layak diketahui)
?
3. Will this paper have an
impact
on the field?
-
ISI journal citations (JCR), Scopus …
-
Citations in professional literature (e.g. benchmarking technical reports,
textbooks)
-
Professional application (e.g. engineering design, software, patents)
•
Date of news item: 15 June 2017
• Please be advised of the release of the latest issue of Journal Citation
Reports which provides 2016 data and is now available to subscribed
institutions.
• Information can be found in the Clarivate Analytics News item at:
http://news.clarivate.com/2017-06-14-Worlds-most-influential-journals-for-20
17-unveiled-in-the-Journal-Citation-Reports-from-Clarivate-Analytics
• Journal Citation Reports - See how to identify top performing journals and
link to view all of the journals included in the 2017 update at:
http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/imgblast/JCRFullCovlist-2016.pdf
Release (JCR 2016 data)
http://ipscience-help.thomsonreuters.com/incitesLiveJCR/whatsNewGroup/whatsNewJCR.html
What's New in Journal Citation Reports?
2017 JCR RELEASE
This release of Journal Citation Reports provides 2016 data. The 2017 data will be made available in the 2018 Journal Citation Reports release.
Journals appearing in JCR
A complete list of the titles covered in this year's JCR is available here. A list of journals receiving their first Impact Factor is available here. This release of the JCR also includes the following new features:
Improved filters in the Journal and Categories by rank pages, and Compare Journals page:
http://ipscience-help.thomsonreuters.com/incitesLiveJCR/JCRGroup/howDoI/viewAndRank.html
% of citable items on each Journal Profile page:
Is a title indexed in Scopus? A reminder to ch
eck before you publish
Here’s how to verify if a title is indexed in Scopus:
•
Check our title lists
.
You don’t need access to Scopus to find out what is
and what is NOT covered, the information is publicly available from our info
page.There are 3 lists to check against:
-
Scopus Source List
: The complete list of indexed journal titles
-Book Title List
: The complete list of indexed book titles
-
Scopus Discontinued Sources List
: The list of journal titles for which
indexing has been discontinued (and as of which volume and issue)
•
Find it in Scopus
.
You can also go to
Scopus.com
itself to check. Open the
“Sources” page and search for a title, publisher or ISSN.
Types of paper
Types of paper
Article
type Description count*Word Abstract Referenc es
Review 500-700 None 1-3 None “diminta” & Solicited Unsolicited
Articles Science / Basic Clinical
4,000 300
words 100 6 Solicited & Unsolicited 5
Brief
Reports 1,500 words150 20 2-3 Unsolicited group 3 & name
500 None 3-5 None Unsolicited 3
Bridging
the Gap 1,500 None 10 1-2 Solicited 3 Meeting
Reports 4,000 words300 100 6 Solicited group 3 & name Commentar
y 1,500 None 10-12 1-2 Solicited 3
Visual Vaccinolog
y
200 None 1-2 None Regular Feature
2
Types of paper
Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for
publication:
- Review (>10000 words), - Mini review (~5000 words), - Feature article >8000 words), - Research article,
- Communication (~3000 words), - Highlight (~1000 words), and - Perspective (~3000 words).
Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of
options when making your submission. Authors contributing to special issues
should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
Ref: http
://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/green-energy-and-environment/guide-for-authors /
The Nature journals
The Nature journals publish several different types of articles about science and medicine. Broadly speaking, these can be divided into articles reporting original scientific research; those reviewing scientific research; scientific journalism (news); opinion about science-related matters; articles about science history; and articles about the interface of science and culture.
• Original research is published either as an Article, Letter, Resource (presents a large dataset of broad usefulness, interest and significance) Brief Communication or Technical Report.
• Articles in the Nature journals that review recent advances in the scientific literature are called Reviews. The Nature Reviews journals also publish Progress articles (highly topical, short reviews). Nature publishes Insights (themed collections of several review articles) and, occasionally, Analysis (meta-analysis of existing data). Some of the
Nature journals publish Perspectives and Historical Perspectives. Perspectives
discuss models and ideas from a personal but balanced viewpoint. They are intended to stimulate discussion and new experimental approaches. All these articles (Reviews, Progress, Analysis, Insights, Perspectives and Historical Perspectives) are peer-reviewed. See each journal's guide to authors for further information.
• Structured
-
IMRaD
formula (will discuss more on next slide)
• Unstructured
-
Paragraphs-
few sentences summarizing each
section
A perspective, opinion, or commentary is based on ideas, opinions, and
insights, and hence does not follow a strict structure like the IMRaD.
Selama ide mengalir secara logis, penulis bebas menyusun artikel
sesuai keinginannya.
IMRaD
formula
Artikel
Tell a story – clarity (jelas, gamblang…) and conciseness
(keringkasan yg padat isinya)
Make them easy for indexing and searching
(informative, attractive & effective)
Make them easy for indexing and searching
(informative, attractive & effective)
Journal SPACE is not unlimited
Kondisikan agar Authors menyajikan
artikel mereka as concise as possible
Journal SPACE is not unlimited
1. Prepare the figures and tables
2. Write the Methods
3. Write up the Results
4. Write the Discussion
Finalize the Results and Discussion before writing the introduction. This
is because, if the discussion is insufficient, how can you objectively
demonstrate the scientific significance of your work in the introduction?
5. Write a clear Conclusion
6. Write a compelling introduction
7. Write the Abstract
8. Compose a concise and descriptive Title
9. Select Keywords for indexing
10.Write the Acknowledgements
11.Write up the References
Steps to organizing your manuscript
Length of the manuscript
Look at the journal's Guide for Authors, but an ideal length for a
manuscript is 25 to 40 pages, double spaced, including essential data
only. Here are some general guidelines:
•
Title:
Short and informative
•
Abstract:
1 paragraph (<250 words)
•
Introduction:
1.5-2 pages
•
Methods:
2-3 pages
•
Results:
6-8 pages
•
Discussion:
4-6 pages
•
Conclusion:
1 paragraph
•
Figures:
6-8 (one per page)
•
Tables:
1-3 (one per page)
Prepare the figures and tables
Remember that "a figure is worth a thousand words." Hence,
illustrations, including figures and tables, are the most efficient way
to present your results. Your data are the driving force of the paper,
so your illustrations are critical!
Figure 1. An example of
the same data presented
as table or as figure.
Depending in your
objectives, you can show
your data either as table (if
you wish to stress
Another important factor: figure and table
legends must be self-explanatory (Figure 2)
selected scales.
Think about appropriate axis label size
Include clear symbols and data sets that are easy to distinguish.
Never include long boring tables (e.g., chemical compositions of emulsion systems or lists
of species and abundances). You can include them as supplementary material.
lines, etc.
Write the Methods
• This section responds to the question of how the problem was studied.
If your paper is proposing a new method, you need to include detailed
information so a knowledgeable reader can reproduce the experiment.
• However, do not repeat the details of established methods; use
References and Supporting Materials to indicate the previously
published procedures. Broad summaries or key references are
sufficient.
• Reviewers will criticize incomplete or incorrect methods descriptions
and may recommend rejection, because this section is critical in the
process of reproducing your investigation. In this way, all chemicals
must be identified. Do not use proprietary, unidentifiable compounds.
To this end, it's important to use standard systems for numbers and
nomenclature.
Write the Methods (2)
List the methods in the same order they will appear in the Results
section, in the logical order in which you did the research:
• Description of the site
• Description of the surveys or experiments done, giving information on
dates, etc.
• Description of the laboratory methods, including separation or
treatment of samples, analytical methods, following the order of
waters, sediments and biomonitors. If you have worked with different
biodiversity components start from the simplest (i.e. microbes) to the
more complex (i.e. mammals)
• Description of the statistical methods used (including confidence
levels, etc.)
Write up the Results
• This section responds to the question "What have you found?"
Hence, only representative results from your research should be
presented. The results should be essential for discussion.
• Use sub-headings to keep results of the same type together, which
is easier to review and read. Number these sub-sections for the
convenience of internal cross-referencing, but always taking into
account the publisher's Guide for Authors.
• For the data, decide on a logical order that tells a clear story and
makes it and easy to understand. Generally, this will be in the same
order as presented in the methods section.
• An important issue is that you must not include references in this
section; you are presenting
your
results, so you cannot refer to
others here. If you refer to others, is because you are
discussing
Write the Discussion
Here you must respond to what the results mean. Probably it is the easiest
section to write, but the hardest section to get right. This is because it is the
most important section of your article. Here you get the chance to sell your
data. Take into account that a huge numbers of manuscripts are rejected
because the Discussion is weak.
You need to make the Discussion corresponding to the Results, but do not
reiterate the results. Here you need to compare the published results by your
colleagues with yours (using some of the references included in the
Introduction). Never ignore work in disagreement with yours, in turn, you must
confront it and convince the reader that you are correct or better.
Take into account the following tips:
1. Avoid statements that go beyond what the results can support.
2. Avoid unspecific expressions
such as "higher temperature", "at a lower
rate", "highly significant". Quantitative descriptions are always preferred (35ºC,
0.5%, p<0.001, respectively).
Write the Discussion (2)
4. Speculations on possible interpretations are allowed, but these
should be rooted in fact, rather than imagination.
To achieve good
interpretations think about:
- How do these results relate to the original question or objectives outlined in the
Introduction section?
- Do the data support your hypothesis?
- Are your results consistent with what other investigators have reported?
- Discuss weaknesses and discrepancies. If your results were unexpected, try to
explain why
- Is there another way to interpret your results?
- What further research would be necessary to answer the questions raised by
your results?
- Explain what is new without exaggerating
5. Revision of Results and Discussion is not just paper work.
You may
do further experiments, derivations, or simulations. Sometimes you cannot
clarify your idea in words because some critical items have not been
Write a clear Conclusion
• This section shows how the work advances the field from the
present state of knowledge. In some journals, it's a separate
section; in others, it's the last paragraph of the Discussion section.
Whatever the case, without a clear conclusion section, reviewers
and readers will find it difficult to judge your work and whether it
merits publication in the journal.
• A common error in this section is repeating the abstract, or just
listing experimental results. Trivial statements of your results are
unacceptable in this section.
• You should provide a clear scientific justification for your work in this
section, and indicate uses and extensions if appropriate. Moreover,
you can suggest future experiments and point out those that are
underway.
This is your opportunity to convince readers that you clearly know why your
work is useful. Introduction provides background information and usually
includes a brief review
of the literature
A good introduction should answer the following questions:
- What is the problem to be solved? - Are there any existing solutions? - Which is the best?
- What is its main limitation? - What do you hope to achieve?
Editors like to see that you have provided a perspective consistent with the
nature of the journal. You need to introduce the main scientific publications
on which your work is based, citing a couple of original and important
works, including recent review articles.
Write a compelling introduction (2)
Here are some additional tips for the introduction:
• Never use more words than necessary (be concise and to-the-point).
Don't make this section into a history lesson. Long introductions put
readers off.
• We all know that you are keen to present your new data. But do not
forget that you need to give the whole picture at first.
• The introduction must be organized from the global to the particular point
of view, guiding the readers to your objectives when writing this paper.
• State the purpose of the paper and research strategy adopted to answer
the question, but do not mix introduction with results, discussion and
conclusion. Always keep them separate to ensure that the manuscript
flows logically from one section to the next.
• Hypothesis and objectives must be clearly remarked at the end of the
introduction.
Write the Abstract
• The abstract tells prospective readers what you did and what the
important findings in your research were. Together with the title, it's the
advertisement of your article. Make it interesting and easily understood
without reading the whole article. Avoid using jargon, uncommon
abbreviations and references.
• You must be accurate, using the words that convey the precise meaning
of your research. The abstract provides a short description of the
perspective and purpose of your paper. It gives key results but
minimizes experimental details. It is very important to remind that the
abstract offers a short description of the interpretation/conclusion in the
last sentence.
• A clear abstract will strongly influence whether or not your work is further
considered.
Write the Abstract (2)
In an abstract, the two
whats
are essential.
•
What has been done?
Compose a concise and descriptive Title
• The title must explain what the paper is broadly about. It is your first
(and probably only) opportunity to attract the reader's attention. In this
way, remember that the first readers are the Editor and the referees.
Also, readers are the potential authors who will cite your article, so the
first impression is powerful!
• We are all flooded by publications, and readers don't have time to read
all scientific production. They must be selective, and this selection
often comes from the title.
Compose a concise and descriptive Title (2)
Here you can see some examples of original titles, and how they were changed after reviews and comments to them:
Example 1
• Original title: Preliminary observations on the effect of salinity on benthic community distribution within a estuarine system, in the North Sea
• Revised title: Effect of salinity on benthic distribution within the Scheldt estuary (North Sea)
• Comments: Long title distracts readers. Remove all redundancies such as
"studies on," "the nature of," etc. Never use expressions such as "preliminary." Be precise.
Example 2
• Original title: Action of antibiotics on bacteria
• Revised title: Inhibition of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by streptomycin • Comments: Titles should be specific. Think about "how will I search for this piece
Select Keywords for indexing
• Keywords are used for indexing your paper. They are the label of
your manuscript. It is true that now they are less used by journals
because you can search the whole text. However, when looking for
keywords, avoid words with a broad meaning and words already
included in the title.
• Some journals require that the keywords are not those from the
journal name, because it is implicit that the topic is that. For
example, the journal
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
requires that the
word "soil" not be selected as a keyword.
• Only abbreviations firmly established in the field are eligible (e.g.,
TOC, CTD), avoiding those which are not broadly used (e.g., EBA,
MMI).
• Again, check the Guide for Authors and look at the number of
Write the Acknowledgements
• Here, you can thank people who have contributed to the manuscript
but not to the extent where that would justify authorship. For
example, here you can include technical help and assistance with
writing and proofreading. Probably, the most important thing is to
thank your funding agency or the agency giving you a grant or
fellowship.
Write up the References
• Typically, there are more mistakes in the references than in any other
part of the manuscript. It is one of the most annoying problems, and
causes great headaches among editors. Now, it is easier since to avoid
these problem, because there are many available tools.
• In the text, you must cite all the scientific publications on which your work
is based. But do not over-inflate the manuscript with too many references
– it doesn't make a better manuscript! Avoid excessive self-citations and
excessive citations of publications from the same region.
• Minimize personal communications, do not include unpublished
observations, manuscripts submitted but not yet accepted for publication,
publications that are not peer reviewed, grey literature, or articles not
published in English.
• You can use any software, such as EndNote or
Mendeley
, to format and
include your references in the paper. Most journals have now the
Write up the References (2)
Make the reference list and the in-text citation conform strictly to the
style given in the Guide for Authors. Remember that presentation of
the references in the correct format is the responsibility of the
author, not the editor. Checking the format is normally a large job for
the editors. Make their work easier and they will appreciate the
effort.
Finally, check the following:
• Spelling of author names
• Year of publications
• Usages of
"et al."
• Punctuation
Condenses the paper’s content in a few words
(
Memadatkan
isi artikel dalam beberapa kata
)
Captures the readers’ attention
(
Merebut/menawan
perhatian pembaca
)
Differentiates the paper from other papers of the same subject
area
(
Memb
edakan
artikel kita dari artikel lain dari area
subjek yang sama
)
Tiga tip dasar yang perlu diingat saat menulis judul:
Keep it simple, brief and attractive
:
Fungsi utama judul adalah
memberikan ringkasan isi artikel dengan tepat. Jadi jagalah judulnya
singkat & jelas. Gunakan kata kerja aktif dan bukan frasa berbasis kata
benda yang kompleks, dan hindari detail yang tidak perlu. Selain itu,
judul yang bagus untuk artikel penelitian biasanya sekitar 10-12 kata.
Use appropriate descriptive words
: Judul artikel penelitian yang
baik seharusnya berisi kata kunci yang digunakan dalam naskah dan
menentukan sifat dasar (nature) penelitian. Pikirkan istilah yang akan
digunakan orang untuk mencari studi Anda dan memasukkannya ke
dalam judul Anda.
Avoid abbreviations and jargon
: Singkatan yang sudah sangat
dikenal seperti TOEFL, PhD dan sebagainya dapat digunakan dalam
judul artikel. Namun, singkatan dan jargon lain yang kurang dikenal atau
spesifik yang tidak akan segera familiar bagi pembaca harus
your paper
•
STEP 1
: Ask yourself these questions and make note of the
answers:
-
What is my paper about?
-
What techniques/ designs were used?
-Who/what is studied?
-
What were the results?
•
STEP 2
:
Use your answers to list key words.
•
STEP 3
: Create a sentence that includes the key words you
listed.
•
STEP 4
: Delete all unnecessary/ repetitive words and link the
remaining.
courses
• STEP 1 : Ask yourself these questions and make note of the answers:
- What is my paper about? The paper explores the viability of higher-level questioning in student-centered
activities to elevate critical thinking and increase student engagement among Korean university English majors.
- What techniques/ designs were used? The author examines research that identifies limitations for
Korean students associated with their reluctance to speak or share opinions in class due to sociocultural influences in the classroom.
- Who/what is studied? Korean students in Korean university English courses
- What were the results? Findings revealed that cultural and institutional factors, as well as limitations in
English language proficiency, can impact participation in student-centered, critical thinking activities.
• STEP 2: Use your answers to list key words higher-level questioning, student-centered
activities, critical thinking, student engagement, Korean university English majors, Korean students, reluctance to speak or share opinions in class, sociocultural influences in the classroom
• STEP 3: Create a sentence that includes the key words you listed Higher-level questioning, critical thinking, student-centered activities and student engagement in Korean university
English majors to speak or share opinions in class due to sociocultural influences
• STEP 4: Delete all unnecessary/repetitive words and link the remaining Higher-level
questioning, critical thinking and student engagement in Korean university English majors to speak or share opinions in class
n
Background
n
n
n
Review/Related Works
Most common reasons for journal rejection
Rejection is the norm in academic publishing. Even researchers at the
top of their field have experienced rejection.
1. Lack of originality, novelty, or significance
2. Mismatch with the journal
3. Flaws in study design
4. Poor Writing and Organization
5. Inadequate preparation of the manuscript
2.1 Lack of originality, novelty, or significance
Results that are not generalizable
Use of methods that have become obsolete because of new technologies or
techniques
Secondary analyses that extend or replicate published findings without adding
substantial knowledge
Studies that report already known knowledge but positions the knowledge as novel
by extending it to a new geography, population, or cultural setting
Results that are unoriginal, predictable, or trivial
Results that have no clinical, theoretical, or practical implications Journal editors typically prefer to publish:
groundbreaking new research (introducing new ideas or methods) constantly on the lookout for research that is exciting and fresh
