11
ABSTRAK
LILIS HABEAHAN: Berbagai Metode Pemecahan Dormansi Biji Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). Dibimbing oleh Mbue Kata Bangun dan Eva
Sartini Bayu
Perbanyakan Andaliman secara generatif menghasilkan persentasi perkecambahan sangat rendah dan memerlukan waktu yang lama berkecambah, akibatadanya dormansi yang disebabkan kulit biji keras yang menghambat air dan pertukaran gas dalam proses perkecambahan. Untuk itu suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Benih Fakultas PertanianUSU (± 25 m dpl) pada Mei-Agustus 2016 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompokdengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (tanpa perlakuan), P1 (skarifikasi mekanik, perendaman hingga 24 jamdan air diganti), P2 (benih disiram air panas70oC dibiarkan hingga dingin selama 24 jam, dan air diganti.), P3 (benih disiram air panas 80oC dibiarkan hingga dingin selama 24 jam, dan air diganti), P4 (perendaman 0.6 g KNO3 L-l selama 24 jam dan giberelin 250 ppm selama5 jam), P5 (perendaman 0.6 g KNO3 L-l selama 24 jam dan giberelin 500 ppm selama5 jam), P6 (perendaman H2SO4 1% selama 10 menit), dan P7 (perendaman H2SO4 1% selama 15 menit). Peubah amatan yang diamati adalah umur berkecambah (hari), persentasi berkecambah (%), kecepatan perkecambahan (benih berkecambah/hari), laju perkecambahan (hari), kecambah normal (%), kecambah abnormal (%) dan benih yang belum tumbuh (%).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pematahan dormansi dengan skarifikasi mekanik, penyiraman air panas, perendamanKNO3dengan giberalin dan H2SO4 1% berbeda nyata terhadap semua parameter kecuali umur berkecambah (hari) dan kecambah abnormal (%). Perlakuan yang terbaik digunakan untuk mematahkan dormansi biji andaliman adalah perlakuan P5 (perendaman 0.6 g KNO3 L-l selama 24 jam dan giberelin 500 ppm selama5 jam).
Kata kunci: Andaliman, biji dormansi, pematahan dormansi
12
ABSTRACT
LILIS HABEAHAN: Various methods of breaking seed dormancy Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., supervised by Mbue Kata Bangun and Eva
Sartini Bayu
Generative propagation of andaliman produces low germination percentageand requires a long time to germinate due to seed dormancy which is caused by hard skin that inhibits water and gas into the seed. Therefore, a study has been carried out at the Laboratory of Seed Technology Association at Agriculture Faculty of University of Sumatera Utara (USU) (± 25 m asl) in May-August 2016 using randomized block design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment consists of P0 (without treatment), P1 (mechanical scarification,water submersion for 24 hours and the water is replaced),P2 (seeds of hot water poured 700C allowed to cool for 24 hours and the water is replaced), P3 (seeds of hot water poured 800C allowed to cool for 24 hours and the water is replaced), P4 (submersion in 0.6 g of KNO3 for 24 hours and 250 ppm of giberelin for 5 hours ), P5 (Submersion in 0.6 g of KNO3 for 24 hours and 500 ppm of giberelin for 5 hours), P6(submersion in 1% of H2SO4 for 10 minutes), and P7 (submersion in 1% of H2SO4 for 15 minutes). The parameters measured were age germination (day),germination ability (%), seed growth rate (seeds germination/day), germination rate(day),normal seedling (%), abnormal seedling (%).
The results showed that dormancy breaking by mechanical scarification, watering hot water, submersion in KNO3 1%,GA3 and H2SO41% means significantly allparameters except the age germination(day) and abnormal seedling (%).The best treatment used tobreak seed dormancy of andaliman is the treatment of P5 (Submersion in 0.6 g of KNO3 for 24 hours and 500 ppm of giberelin for 5 hours).
Keywords: andaliman, seed dormancy, dormancy breaking
