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EFEK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L) DENGAN AMOKSISILIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI
Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRAK
Kombinasi antibiotik dan ekstrak tanaman merupakan konsep baru untuk pengobatan infeksi bakteri resisten. Daun sirih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus karena mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan minyak atsiri. Kombinasi ekstrak dengan amoksisilin perlu diuji untuk mengetahui efektivitas dibandingkan tunggal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia dan ekstrak serta aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan amoksisilin.
Simplisia dikarakterisasi untuk menentukan kadar air, kadar sari larut dalam air, kadar sari larut dalam etanol, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam serta kandungan senyawa kimia. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan menyari serbuk simplisia dalam etanol 96% secara maserasi. Kandungan senyawa kimia ekstrak daun sirih juga diuji dalam penelitian ini. Uji aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan amoksisilin menggunakan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas.
Serbuk simplisia daun sirih mengandung kadar air 3,66%, kadar sari larut dalam air 22,54%, kadar sari larut etanol 14,65%, kadar abu total 9,25%, dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 1,03%. Serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun sirih mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirih memiliki konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) pada bakteri Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 8 mg/mL dengan diameter zona hambat 7,22 mm dan pada amoksisilin 5 µg/mL dengan diameter zona hambat 6,83 mm. Pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) untuk ekstrak etanol daun sirih pada konsentrasi 9 mg/mL dengan diameter zona hambat 6,23 mm dan untuk amoksisilin 10 µg/mL dengan diameter zona hambat 7,05 mm. Kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan amoksisilin untuk bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari keduanya mengalami peningkatan diameter zona hambat dan memiliki efek yang sinergis.
Kata kunci: antibakteri, kombinasi, KHM, daun sirih, amoksisilin, Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus.
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THE COMBINATION EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BETEL LEAFWITH AMOXICILLIN AGAINTST BACTERIAL GROWTH
Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRACT
The combination of antibiotic and plant extract is a new concept and has been used for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. Betel leaves have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus because they contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, saponin, tanin, and steroid/ triterpenoid. Extract combination with amoxicillin needs to be tested to determine the effectiveness of a single comparison. This study aims was to investigated the characteristics of simplex, extract and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of betel leaf wihich was combinated with amoxicillin.
Simplisia characterized to determine the water content, the levels of soluble extract in water, the levels of soluble extract in ethanol, total ash and acid insoluble ash content and the amount of chemical compounds. The extraction of betel leef was maseration by using ethanol 96%. The content of betel leaf extract chemical compounds were also tested in this research. Antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract of betel leaf which was combination with amoxicillin using the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as a bacterium that was agar diffusion method by using the paper discs.
Powder simplicia betel leaf was obtained water content is 3.66%, water soluble extract value content 22.54%, ethanol soluble extract content value 14.65%, total ash value 9.25%, and the acid insoluble ash value 1.03%. Phytochemical screening of simplicia powder and ethanol extract of betel leaves contained flavonoid, saponin, tanin and steroid. Antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract of betel leaf had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacteria Escherichia coli at a concentration 8 mg / mL with a diameter zone of inhibition 7,22 mm and mix of amoxicillin 5 ug / mL with diameter zone of inhibition 6.83 mm. While Staphylococcus aureus bacteria had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of betel leaf at a concentration of 9 mg / mL with a diameter of 6.23 mm and mix of amoxicillin and 10 ug / mL with diameter zone inhibition 7.05 mm. Antibacterial activity test of combination ethanol extracts of betel leaf with amoxicillin for both of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcusaureus had increase minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and diameter of zone inhibition and have a synergistic effect.
Keywords: antibacterial, combination, MIC, betel leaves, amoxicillin, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
