INTRODUCTION
1. Background of Study
Literature is one of expression of feeling, spirits and experience that come from an idea that build into literary works and also can defined as a art. According to Waren and Walek (1986:107), literature is the form of human creativity consisting of action, feeling idea, spirit and experience using the language as the medium and having positive impact on life. Literature comes in three main genres which is Prose, Poetry and Drama.
This study will focus on movie and is part of Drama. Movies in modern era is favorite entertaiment, Movies is also a part of Literature that branch of Drama.The word of drawa was taken from “Drau” which the mean is action or something that related to it. Refer to Aristoteles drama is a representation of an action which show in literature, and it is also similar with Moulton opinion about drama that presented an action. One of the element in movie is Character, the main character is the main focus of this study and it also discuss the psychological aspect of the main character by characterization. According to Lajos Egri that mention about the three dimensional aspect of character include psychological, sosiological and physiological.
2. Problems of Study
Based on the background that has been stated above, there are two problems that will be discussed in analyzing the characters in the Movie. The problems are as follows:
1. What are the characteristics of the main character
2. What are the factors that influenced the main character seen from the psychological aspect
3. Aims of the Study
Based on the problems above, there are two major aims that would be achieved in this study. The objectives as follows:
1. To know and understand the main character characteristics in movie
2. To analyze the characteristics of the personalities in term of psychological aspect
4. Scope of Discussion
The present study limits to the discussion of the following:
1. The characteristics of the of psychological aspect in “SPLIT” Movie 2. The Main Character Personalities.
5. Research Method 5.1 Data Source
5.2 Method of Collecting Data
This study applied documentary method, the author collect the data by taking a note. Observate the main character on the movie by watching and reading the movie script among the character of the movie several times.
5.3 Method of Analyzing Data
Review of Literature, Concepts, and Theoretical Framework
The researcher collect some studies for review and comparing the study that realated with the topic of this study. This is done that the studies being keep on the track of the topic that analyzing Psychological aspect in main characters by comparing the theory, the strength, weakness, and relevance to this study.
The first study entitled “A Psychological Analysis Of The Main Character In The “Just The Sexiest Man Alive” By Julie James” by Valeria (2013). The study was intended to analyse the character of Taylor Donovan in terms of the physiological dimension, and the implications of the study of the character in the novel toward the English language teaching. Theory of psychology and introduction to literature are major theories that applied to analyze the novel. The theory that was used in analyzing the characters is stated by Lajos Egri (in Sukada, 1987:62) who mentions that character has three dimensions as its basic structure, namely physiology, sociology, and psychology. The author was analyzing romance novel and it is done by founding 9 personalities of psychology aspect based on its analysis. The psychological aspect of feelings and attitude could be taught by asking the students to analyse the quotation from the novel and finding the moral value. The similarities these study that analyze the subject by using three dimensional aspect that consist of Physical, Sosiological and Psychological aspect. The difference between this thesis and this study is the thesis using the therory in big scope that describing all of the branch of the theory. The weakness of the thesis is the theoretical framework that the author did not applying all of it is theory that he mentioned in the concept.
By referring to the discussions, the writer concludes that the friendship need perpetuity factors such as similarity, reciprocity of liking, positive qualities, physical attractiveness and physical appearance. Then the writer also finds out that Alison and Veronica’s friendship is satisfactory, stable and interdependence. The weaknes of the thesis is in theoritical framework by using non native english, the difference also the author analyzing two main characters in the thesis.
The last study entitled “Psycological Analysis Of The Main Character’s” Personality In Go Ask Alice by Nailul Fauziyah(2008). Literature is a piece of writing which expresses and communicates through feeling and human attitude in literary works. In this study, the researcher looks that Psychology is also influenced in the literary work, to know the psychological condition of the author when he or she creates the work.. The purposes of the study are: To know how the aspects of the main character’s personality portrayed in this novel and to know how the main character’s personality is viewed from Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation. To achieve the above problems of study and objectives of the study, the researcher categorize this research as literary criticism since the researcher conduct the interpretation and analysis on literary work. The researcher sees this literary work from two points of views there are intrinsic and extrinsic, the researcher uses psychological approach in doing this analysis. From the result of the data analysis, it can be concluded that there are three character personality of the main character, such as sensitive, unrealistic, and pessimistic. There are main character’s personality needs viewed by Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation (hierarchy of needs): Psychological needs, safety needs, the love and belonging needs, esteem needs, self actualization needs. Finally, for the next researcher it is suggested to do the research to use another theory to analyze more deeply, because this novel has many aspects that can be analyzed.
Concept
There are concept being explain that make the study relevance and practical. These concepts would be explained below.
The definition of character in generat is a subject of the story, but according to Wellek and Warren (1942: 15) they explained that character in a novel differs from historical figure or afigure in real life, the author also said that the character has no past, no future and sometimes no continuty of life. Klarer (1998:17) defines that typed character in literature is dominated by one specific trait and is referred to as a flat character, and term round character usually denotes a persona with more complex and differentiated features. in short story, character that commonly emergences is flat character since short story only presents the critical time of the chief character.
Characters are the persons presented in dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say the dialogue and by what they do the action (Abrams, 1957:20).
The Concept of Psychology
Psychology maybe defined as the science that the studies the behavior of man. Beside that, literary psychology is literary studies that consider the literary work as psychology activity, the author uses the thought, feeling, and work in working (Endraswara, 2003:96).
Psychology has a closer with literature because literature and psychology touch the same things in their relationship. These things are human beings and the problems that they express (Sukada, 1985: 102). Psychology is the scientific study of the activities of individuals. The task of psychology is to discover the general laws that explain the behavior of living organism, especially and the most important of all, human being. The individual is continually subjected to stimulation from his environment and is continually responding to this stimulation and by such responses adjusting to his world.
tightened their sense ot reality, sharpened their powers of observation or allowed them la into hitherto undiscovered patterns. But, in itsell, psychology is a preparalory to the act of creation: and in the work itself, psychological truth is an artistic value enhances coherence and complexity of art. (Wellek and Warren, 1962. 88) From the explanation above, only the psychology ot literary works itself is used here which can be observed through the character. Hence the psychology of the characters can be observed through their attitude, though, feelings, mentality. dreams, etc. In this case, psychology can be the scientific study behavioral and mental processes of organisms, that is why theory of psychology is appropriately used in analyzing conflicts.
Theoretical Framework
This study applie theory to analyze the problems, the first is theory from William Kenney from his book entitled How to Analyze Fiction; according to Kenney (1966: 27) “ A character is obviously relevant yo us and to our experience if he is like ourselves or like others whom we know.
Theory of Literature
Literature is simply another way we can experience the word around it literary through our imagination is the accordance with Kenney who states that the imaginations is the organ of men's moral nature, and this organ is strengthened by the experienced of literature. Imagination is related to literature because the poetic language that is used in literary works is permeated with imagery. A good literary work must be educating and entertaining by reading many literary work, people can get unlimited knowledge about self Literature is also a mirror of what men have seen in life, what they we have thought and left.
Drama
Drama is a literary composition in either verse or prose, intended to be performed by actors upon the stage, and usually in the form of a narrative told by the action and dialogue of
Character
Character is the figue who participates in the action the story According to Kenney (1966: 24-25) the character are expected to be natural or life like. Human being is free but the fictional character is never entirely free because it is a part of an artistic whole and must always serve the needs of that whole. In other words, character are the imaginary people that writer creates, sometimes identifying with them, sometimes judging them.
Greater emphasis on character can be given in the novel since permits the author show the passage of time more fully, while the story will often concentrate on the relevation of character Kenney, 1966:102) He also gives two division of character, such as the following:
1. Simple (flat) character
The simple or flat character is less the representation of a human personality than the embodiment of a single attitude or obsession in a character. is called flat because we see only side of him.
2. Complex (round) character
The character that is obviously more lifelike than simple because the character is described from all sides of life. Complex character are more ifelike than simple character and as we have seen lifelikeness is one form of relevance. The complex character is in many more difficult than simple. The simple character needs only repeat his basis formula each time he appears on the scene.
character tends to produce lifelikeness in the work of fiction. However, we need only remind ourselves that the fictional character. However, complex is not a human being.
Another theory also comes from Warren and Wallek (1986: 92),character divided based on the functional and role as following:
1. Main character
Main character is the character, which has important role that mostly related to the other character. Main the character is the central character because that plays is very important role in the story. Main character is categorized important one and appears continually, so that it seems dominate almost the whole part if the story. In the other words main character are involved in the greatest part of the relative descriptions more than other character.
2. Secondary character
This character is mostly affects the main character also has a position in a story and gives much influence to the main character.
3. Supporting character This character support the main character in the story. Although the functions of this character is to support the main character. It may take an important part in the story but incidentally it acts as a supporter. He supporting character also support or confirms the views of the main character through the thing he or she says or does. To be able to determine where certain figure belongs to the main character or so the supporting, the measure that be used is the character's frequency of getting in touch with other in the story
The main character will have a higher frequency than the second character or supporting character. Besides that, the main character is regarded as a character that is able to lead the plot of the story from beginning until the end of the story, so that it gives an easy way to the readers to determine what will happen or where the story goes.
1. Discursive method
The author tells the readers about the character and she or he even mentions the approval and disapproval of the character The advantages of this method are simplicity and economy. The author will quickly finish the job of characterization and go on to the other things. The disadvantages are that it is mechanical and discourages the reader imaginations.
2. Dramatic Method
The method showing rather than telling. In the dramatic method the author allows his character to reveal them selves to us through their own and action. The advantages of dramatic method should be obvious. The dramatic method is more lifelike and invites the reader's active participation in the story. This method has its disadvantages: it is less economical than the discursive, since to show takes longer than tell.
3. Character on character method
One character in a story talks about another character. But this kinds of information is not reliable because what A say about B will probably tell more about A than about B.
4. The contextual method
By the contextual method, we mean the device of suggesting character by the verbal context that surrounds the character.
5. Mixing method
Mixing method means applying all the methods in accordance with the degrees of effectiveness to be achieved. It is rare than a fiction uses one method only. Indeed, the contextual m will only be effective when combined other method.
Three Dimensional Aspect
Lajos Egri in Sukada (1987:135) introduces three dimensions constructing the characterization in literary work, namely, physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects.
a. Physiological
is observed through sex, age, physical appearance such as shape of body, whether or not a person is beautiful or handsome, colour of skin and hair. From that aspect, the reader can imagine how the character looks like and what clothes he or she wears to help to convey the personality, (Sukada, 1987:65).
b. Psychological
Psychological aspect is the aspect dealing with the personal qualities of the character, e.g. ingenuity. It also studies the character’s behaviour and 22 activities as a reflection of his psychological life as a human being. It includes in the literary study since the inner of human beings is the source of knowledge and art (Jung in Sukada, 1987:140)
c. Sociological
Sociological aspect is the social background of the society where the character lives, in which social interaction and social system exist. The social system consists of system of family, politics, economy, belief, education, and constitution. This aspect characterizes the character’s behaviour, the way of thinking, and the way the character acts when he or she faces certain problem (Atar Semi, 1988:55).
REFERENCES
Abrams, M.H. (1957). Literature and Belief: English Institute Essays. Columbia University, Columbia.
Fauziyah, N. (2008). Psycological Analysis Of The Main Character’s” Personality In Go Ask Alice. Universitas Negeri Islam, Malang.
Kenney, W (1966). How to Analyze Fiction. MacMillan Publishing Company.
Klarer, M. (1998). An Introduction to Literature Studies. Rouledge, London
Muharam, F. (2009). A Psychological Analysis On Two Main Characters' Friendship In Novel “Veronica”. Universitas Negeri Islam, Jakarta.
Rosita, V.R.(2013). A Psychological Analysis Of The Main Character In The “Just The Sexiest Man Alive” By Julie James”. Universitas Mahasaraswati, Denpasar. Wellek, R. Warren, A. (1986). Theory of Literarture. Harcourt, Brace and Company,
