i
PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN
CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE SCRIPT
FROZEN
BY:
NI KADEK JENNI LESTARI 1218351021
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF LETTERS AND
CULTURES
iii being part of the English Department, Udayana University.
I also want to express my special gratitude to my beloved parents, I want to analysis in the area of literature. Realizing this condition, any comments, suggestions, and some new idea will be very needed and appreciated to improve this paper.
Denpasar , Mei 2016
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOLEDGEMENTS...i
ABSTRACT...ii
TABLE OF CONTENT...iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...1
1.1Background of the Study...1
1.2Problem of the Study...2
1.3Aim of Study...2
1.4Scope of Discussion...2
1.5Research Method...3
1.5.1 Data Source...3
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data...3
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data...4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPTS, AND THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK...5
2.1Review of Literature...5
2.2 Concepts...7
2.2.1 Concept of Character...7
v
2.2.3 Concept of Conflict...9
2.3 Theoretical Framework...9
2.3.1 Theory of Literature...9
2.3.2 Theory of Psychology...11
2.3.2.1 Attitude...12
2.3.2.2 Feeling and Emotion...12
2.3.2.3 Human motivation...13
CHAPTER III PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE FROZEN...16
3.1 Introduction...16
3.2 Synopsis...16
3.3 Biography of the Author...20
3.4 The Main Character in The Movie Frozen...22
3.4.1 Characters of Elsa...23
3.5 Pschological Analysis of the Main Character...24
3.5.1 Attitude...24
3.5.2 Feeling and Emotion...25
3.5.3 Human Motivation...29
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3.5.3.2 Wants...30
3.5.3.3 Emotion...38
3.5.3.4 Feeling and Attitudes...40
3.6 Analysis of Internal and External Conflicts...43
3.6.1 Analysis External Conflicts...42
3.6.2 Analysis Internal Conflicts...45
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION...47
BIBLIOGRAPHY
vii be related into intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Literature is one of the forms of art, usually categorised as a beautiful writing.
Literature has two main divisions; fiction and non fiction. Fiction is a type of literature that
discribes imaginary people and events, not real ones, while non fiction include books,
articles or texts about real facts, people and events (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary,
2000: 469,862). A good literary work must educate and entertain. Through reading many
literary works, people can get unlimited knowledge about life. This is called education. It is
said that a literary work could entertain, if it can bring such pleasure and enjoyment for the
reader.
To analyze a literary work is to identify the separate parts that make it up, to
determine the relationship among the parts, and to discover the relation of the parts to the
whole (Kenney, 1966:5). Character is one important aspect because it carries the author’s
message that can bring various values in human life such as morality, education and many
others.
This study is focused on the movie Frozen particulary on the main character. The reason to analyze the main character in the movie script is because this movie was very
interesting and could build such atmosphere that tends to affect the emotion and feeling of
This movie told a girl named Elsa who had the medical power. This data used movie script
about animation movie, because the story could be understood easily especially for the
children. Besides, the data of the movie was relevant to the topic of the discussion.
1.2Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study presented above, the research problems of this
study can be formulated as follows:
1. How is the psychological aspects of the main character?
2. What conflicts did the main character face?
1.3Aims of the Study
The aims of this study are accordanced with the problems mentioned above are as
follows:
1. To find out the psychological aspects of the main character in movie Frozen. 2. To describe some important conflicts which the main character faced
1.4Scope of Discussion
The discussion of this study is focused on the following points:
1. The psychological aspects of the main character in the movie Frozen
1.5 Research Methods
There are three aspects of the methodology used in this study, they are : Data
Source, Method and Technique of Collecting Data, and Method and Technique of
Analyzing Data. Each of those aspect is elaborated one by one in the following:
1.5.1 Data Source
Data source refers to the object from which the data was taken. In this study, the
movie script of Frozen was used as a data source. This movie script was published by
Jennifer Lee, Walt Disney Pictures in 2013. And in this study the movie script is analyzed
based on psychological aspect of the main character. This movie is selected because the
main character conveyed good messages and moral value for the audience.
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
The data was collected by using note taking and documentation. The working
procedure consists of several steps. The first step was watching the movie as frequently and intensively as necessary to understand the script of the movie. Then, the second step is to
identify and classify the data from the script of the movie to find out the relevant statement
and features that can be categorized into the intrinsic and extrinsic categories.
The concern on the intrinsic aspect is related to the study of plot, character, and
biography, to psychology, and to society. The last step is the collecting of the data from the
extrinsic aspect, which is combined to the psychological aspect in order to get the unity,
wholeness and the integrated meaning of the story.
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
Data analysis means how we construct all the data to find the solution for the
problems. The collected data was analyzed by using qualitative and descriptive method
based on the theoritical basis for characterization in connection with the analysis of the
main character from the aspect of psychology.
The theory of psychology proposed by Bernhardt (1953) in the book Practical Psychology is used in connection with the analysis of the main character from the aspect of
psychology. According to Bernhardt, particular action can be caused by thousands of
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPT AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In this chapter there are three points necessary to be included in order to support the
study, namely the following: Review of Literature, Concepts, and Theoritical Framework.
2.1 Review of Literature
In the review of literature, there are three papers and an international journal. All of
these papers and article have significant contribution to the process of this study.
The first paper is written by Ika Pratiwi (2010) under the title “Maria as the Main
Character of Coelho’s Eleven Minutes (A Study on the Psychological Aspect)”. This study
was focused on the analysis of the main character in Eleven Minutes and on the
psychological aspect that contributed in Maria as the main character because it carries the
author’s massage that brings various values in human life such as morality, education, and
many others. The theory which was used to analyze the character was taken from theory
proposed by Kenney (1966) and theory of the psychology taken from the theory proposed
by Bernhardt (1953). The difference between Ika’s paper and this study is from the source
of data, the paper analyzed main characterr in the novel, while this study, focuses on the
conflicts that affect the main character in the movie. Another difference between the paper
and this study is in the collected data and data analysis. In the paper, the data used
the collected data used the library research through note taking and documentation of
movie script.
The second thesis written by Pritha Yanti (2014) with the title “ Psychological
Analysis Of The Main Character Of Elizabeth Gilberth In Memoir Eat, Play, Love”. This
study was focused on analyzing the extrinsic element specifically the psychological and this
study also highlight the psychological aspect for self-consciousness in our relation with
other people and evironment. The theory that is used in this study is theory from Kenney
(1966) and the psychology theory that is used is the theory from Bernhardt (1953). The
difference between Pritha’s paper and this study is in the conflict which affect to the
character and psychological aspect. Besides, her study focused in the effect of environment,
culture and spiritual aspect.
The third thesis was written by Agustini (2009) with the title “The Analysis Of Main Character In The Color Purple By Alice Walker (A Psychological Approach). This
study was focused on the psychological analysis of the main character, because the main
character, in this case, Celie, who lives in his social environment, will interact in it with
many people who have various characters, which are different from each other. The
difference between Agustini’s paper and this study is from the data source. In this study, it
used a movie as the data source, meanwhile his study use a novel as the data source and the
After reviewing the three thesis above, the next review of a article entitled “ Content
Validity in Psychological Assessment: A Functional Approach to Concepts And Methods”
was chosen as the reference. This article was written by Stephen N. Haynes, David C.S.
Ricard, and Edward S. Kubany.
This article examines the definition, importance, conceptual basis, and functional
nature of content validity, with an emphasis on psychological assessment in clinical
situations. The conditional and dynamic nature of content validity were discussed, and
multiple elements of content validity along with quantitative and qualitative methods of
content validation were reviewed. Finally, several recommendations for reforting and
interpreting the content of validation evidence were offered.
2.2Concepts
There are some subject matters that are going to be discussed in this concept. The
concepts will be presented in this study are, a concept of main character and concept of
psychology.
2.2.1Concept of Character
Character is representation of human being which is determined through thought,
speech and behavior. Based on their function, character can be divided into some categories
they are flat or simple character and round or complex character. Main character is a
main character or major character is sometimes called a protagonist whose conflict with an
antagonist may spark the story’s conflict.
According to the Morner (1998:31), character is one of intrinsic aspect of literature.
Unlike a person in real life, a literary character’s personal qualities and action are limited
by hisor her function in the story. The story always introduced their characters to give
description to the reader. Character gives a certain situation or circumstances in the story
because he or she showed his or her emotions in it. According to Holman and Harmon
character is complicated term that is includes the idea of the moral constitusion of the
human personality, the presence of moral uprightness (1986:81). Character can be divided
into two kindly major or main character and minor character. Minor character are
characters of less important than those the ,main (Kusnosubroto, 1988:67).
2.2.2Concept of Psychology
Psychological aspect includes the psychological background such as attitude, feeling,
and ambition. Psychology is much related to human life and analyzing the character roles. Psychology can be defined as the scientific study of the activities of individuals. The
subject matter is the same as has enganged the mind of man ever since he began to think l
2.2.3 Concept of Conflict
According Stanford (2006), conflict means a struggle between two opposing forces
of class of action, ideas, desire and will. Conflict is also a struggle between desire within a
person struggle of a character against him or herself conscience, his or her guilt or simply
to decide what he or she is going to do. According to Nugiyantoro in Wellek and Werren
(1989:285) conflict is a natural part of any communication relationship. It is an inevitable
part of life for a variety of different seasons. Conflicts inevitable means that people are
working againts each other, what one person wants is incompatible with that another person
wants, their goals are competitive. The goals are these instances are incompatible because
the action needs to achieve something automatically.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
There are some theories that are used as the theorical framework. The main theory
used in this study concerning to a theory of literature and theory of psychological proposed
by Kenney, Bernhadrt (1953), and also Wellek and Warren (1976). This study was analyzed using the theory from Bernhardt because the study is more relevant to answer the
problem.
2.3.1 Theory of Literature
According to Warren and Wallek (1976:22) literature is the result of human’s
creation which expresses the mind of creator, thought, understanding, and idea for
the art of literature specifically seems to claim “the truth” through the view of life which
artistically coherent work possesses. Besides, literature contains the values of cultures
which can influence the thinking’s ways of human, a mirror of life, experience, thought,
and felt as the human’s guidance to recognize life.
Literature as simply another way where we can experience literary through our
imagination. Imagination is the organ of men’s moral nature strengthened by the experience
of literature. It is related to literary work that permeated with imagery by producing
pictures of the minds of people. From, imagery of picture of minds, interpretation and
analysis of the work can reflect all our interest work itself (Kenney, 1966:102). In fiction,
character is one of the most important aspect and it is very interesting to be analyzed
because it can guide us to the author’s thought expressed in his or her work. Besides,
character is the essential values and nature of an individual figure or the inside of human
personality who participate in the action in the story. The fictional character has part of an
artistic whole and must serve the needs of that whole, in which it must be attended to the
relationship between character and the other elements of the story and it must be considered
as part of the story’s internal structure (Kenney, 1966:25-26).
According to Waren and Wellek (1976; 227), they divide the characterization of the
character into four namely static character, dynamic character, flat character, and round
a. Dynamic character is the character who experience development in the story
and can change from the beginning until the end of the story.
b. Static character is the character who does not develop in the story and cannot
change from the beginning until the end of story.
c. Simple or flat character is the character who show a stereotype character and
present the character in one single of attitude. For instance, it merely shows a
good or bad side of person.
d. Round character is the character which is described having more than one
character. Round character is called complex character as well, because it is in
life not simply embodiments of single attitude.
2.3.2 Theory of Psychology
According to Bernhardt (1953:3-9) psychology is a science that is study actual event in a scientific way. Psychology is interested in all human activity and psychological can be
defined as scientific study of all activities of individual. Psychological is seeking to
discover what articular condition produce a given type of activity, so that eventually the
psychologist will be able to control and direct human activity by controlling these
condition. For example, if we are the cause of the omotions of fear, we could prevent fear
by manipulating the conditions in such a way that the adequate causes of fear would be
Psychology obviously can illuminate the creative process. The process of the writer
creations is the legitimate object of the psychologist’s investigates curiosity (Warren and
Wallek, 1956 : 85). The psychological can classify the period of his work and his mental
illness. This remains the “psychology” in the work themselves.
Psychology generally has to do with habitual responses, like and dislike arises from
conflicting desire. It is going to investigate the nature of human being such as
temperament, abilities, motivation, learning, emotion, attitudes and so forth. Psychology
has a tight relationship with literature because they touch the same things in their
relationship. It is different in terms of way only. These things are human being and the
problems, which they express. Bernhardt states that psychology is the part of scientific
attempt to understand the world.
Through the psychology approach, we can analyze the psychology of character that includes the attitude, feeling and emotion and motivation. In this writing, the focuses the
psychological approach on the theory of human motivation.
2.3.2.1 Attitude
Attitude is part of human psychology. It is the way of thinking with someone
feeling about what they like or dislike upon a certsin action toward an object depends on
the value of one’s tone that is a feature of all active attitudes. Attitude are generally positive
or negatives views of a person, place, or event this often referred to as the attitude object.
Every activity and experience of the individual has a coloring of feeling. Life would
be very drab and uninteresting if it were not for constantly changing feeling tone that is a
feature of all activity. From the object point of view, it makes no difference how the
individual feels, as long as he goes through the necessary motions, but to the individual
itself it matters a great deal how she feels about what she is doing (Bernhardt, 1953:96).
2.3.2.3 Human motivation
All human activities have some cause and undergo modification or change during the lifetime of the individual and it is subject to learning. This learning itself has a cause or
is motivated by something. Bernhardt divides human motivation inti five types, those are:
the appetites, the want, the emotion, feeling and attitudes and social motives.
1. The Appetites
Is a motives or directing influences that is based on human’s basic organic needs of
certain thing in order to keep living and these needs make themselves felt. Appetites are
cyclic or rhythmic in human actions. An unsatisfied appetite is usually an unpleasant
condition and as the santisfaction is delayed it becomes more and more unpleasant and
productive for further activity (Bernhardt, 1953: 50).
Wants is the foundation of universal needs from each individual it is found in
different ways from one person to another. Want are modified through experience and
present a changing pattern in the development of the person from infancy to adulthood
to old age (Bernhardt, 1953:52).
3. Emotions
Emotion is another kind of motives is experienced in direcct activity. When a
person may do many things that she would not do normally, it because of she are in under the influence of fear. There are some kind of feeling: fear, anger, love, joy, hate, jealousy
all are emotions (Benhardt, 1953:99).
4. Feeling and Attitude
Every experience got by the individual is not only from one aspect. When an experience is evaluates as pleasant, the indivudual has an attitude of approach to that
experience. Whenever she evaluates the unpleasant experience, she has an attitude of
withdrawal as he avoids that activity in the future (Bernhardt, 1953:53). So, the ever
present feeling tones of pleasantness or unpleasantness, with their accompanying attitudes
of approach and withdraw are important to human motives.
5. Feeling and Emotion
Feeling and emotion is the one which means feelings can influence the emotion.
uninteresting if we are not for the changing of feeling tone constantly. In the objective point
of view, it does not make the different as long as he goes through the necessary motion.
Besides, it can matter a great deal about what he is doing. He also evaluates the experience
in term of his feeling and the repetition of activity (Bernhardt, 1953:96).
6. Social Motives
Social motives have produced in man certain characteristic attitudes or tendency.
Bernhardt describes two tendencies: self-submission or self-negation. Self-assertation is a universal tendency to strive to excel and succeed and to win out ahead of others, or to
overcome obstruction or difficulty. It can be traced through a great many activities of the
individual and it is more likely trained into us by social custom and education.
Self-submission or self negotiiiation is a tendency present inhuman being to submit, to give and
to subordinate themselves to other authorities. There are situation that are beyond our own power to cope with and this situation submission to some person, or to some idea or to
some system or religion seem to be the natural and satisfying course. So, the social motives
