A. Method of the Research
Research methodology is very important to achieve the goal of research. This research used an experimental research. The purpose of experimental research was to find out an effect from something which was given to the subject. According to Best in Taniredja (2011:52), experimental research is a logical and systematic research for answering question about an influence of treatment given to the conditions that are researched. Nazir (2005:64) states that experimental research is aimed to investigate the casual relationship and to know how much its relation by giving certain treatments for some experiment class and providing control class for comparison.
There were two classes in this research; the experimental class that was given treatment by teaching writing descriptive text material by using draw label caption strategy, and the other one which was called the control class wasteachdescriptive text material by using conventional media. The reason was the writer wants to try to find out the effectiveness of draw label caption strategy in the teaching writing descriptive text.
a. There were two groups, and each group was given pre-test and post-test. b. Control class wasteaching writing descriptive text by using conventional
media.
The experimental in this research had the purpose to know the different effect of treatment between the experimental class who got the teaching and learning writing descriptive text by using draw label caption strategy and the control class who did not get teaching and learning writing descriptive text by using draw label caption strategy. The design of this research was a follows:
E: O1...X...O2 C: O2...O2 Note:
E : Experimental class C : Control class O1 : Pre-test O2 : Post-test X : Treatment
B. Place and Time of the Research
1. Place of the Research
2. Time of the Research
This research done for six months. The schedule is described in table 1.
Table 1
The schedule of the research
Activity
Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Making proposal Jc Pre-test Treatment Post-test Making report
C. The Subject of the Research
D. The Technique of Collecting The Data
Technique for collecting the data is the way that can be used by the researcher to collect the data. This research use quantitative approach so the data of the research is collected from test. Arikunto (2010:93) defined that a test is a sequence of questions or exercises or other tools which are used to measure skill, knowledge, intelligence, or a talent of individual or groups. The test found out the writing essay, in this research. This research used two kinds of tests as follows:
1. Test
Test is question, exercise, or tools which is used to measure: skill, knowledge, intelligence or talent owned by individual of groups (Arikunto, 1998:139). In this research the aim of the test is to find out the writing mastery of the students. The writer use two kinds of test, those are pre-test and post-test.
a. Pre-test
b. Post-test
Post-test was a test which was given after the treatment or after teaching and learning process. It was used to measure the effect of certain treatment, in this case teaching writing descriptive text by using draw label caption strategy. This test was given for both the experimental and the control class. This Post-test useddescriptive text with the topic “Animal in the Zoo”, the type of test wassubjective in form of written paragraph test.
E. Technique of Analyzing Data
After all of the data were collected, it will be analyzed. Data analysis was used to know the effectiveness of draw label caption strategy for teaching writing descriptive text. There were some steps in the data analysis:
1. Determining the individual students’ ability
As mentioned before that test type is subjective test, teacher asks the students to make paragraph using draw label caption strategy. For a scoring of students‟ English writing in analyzing the data, the writer uses the BurhanNurgiyantoro‟s scoring system. There are some writing
The scoring of those components as follows:
Table 2
Burhan Nurgiantoro’s Writing Scoring System
No Aspects Score Criteria Indicators
1. Content with the assigned topic. 22-26 Good Enough information, some
knowledge of subject, little substantive, not enough in developing writing
problem, mostly relevant to the topic, but lack detail. 17-21 Fair Limited information or
knowledge little substantial, inadequate developing writing. 13-16 Bad/
poor
Does not show knowledge of subject. There is no content and problem substantive, not pertinent, not enough to evaluate.
2. Organization
18-20 Very good
Fluent in expressing, clear in expressing the idea, complete, well
organization, logic and cohesive.
No Aspects Score Criteria Indicators
10-13 Fair Not fluently, disorganizing, not fluently, confused in the idea, limited in supporting material, lack corrects in words‟ choice, master in word form. Appropriate register. 14-17 Good Adequate range, occasional
error of word/ idiom, sometimes incorrect in choosing the word but it does not disturb the meaning.
10-13 Fair Limited in using the word, often make a mistake in vocabulary, and it can make change the meaning or obscured.
7-9 Bad/
poor
Essentially translation, little knowledge, bad in choosing the words, less in vocabulary, invaluable. 22-25 Very
good
No Aspects Score Criteria Indicators 4. Language 18-21 Good Simple construction but
effective, few mistakes in complex construction, there is mistake but it does not change the meaning or seldom obscured. 11-17 Fair Major problems, serious
mistakes in sentence construction, unclear meaning.
5-10 Bad/ poor
Not mastery in syntactical construction, unclear 4 Good Sometimes there is spelling
error, but it does not change the meaning. 3 Fair Sometimes there is spelling
error, meaning confused or obscured, paragraphing. 2 Bad Not mastery in writing
Each point of each component has different score. It can be seen at the following table of scoring:
Table 3
Model of Writing Evaluation Criteria Using Score
No Evaluation Aspects Score
1. Content 13-20
2. Organization 7-20
3. Vocabulary 7-20
4. Language 5-25
5. Mechanic 2-5
The sum of score
a. Average of students competence
The formula to get the average of students‟ writing score is as follows:
M = Where: M = mean
∑x = Individual score
N = Number of sample
(Nurgiyantoro, 2010: 361) b. Percentage of individual competence
The formula:
P = x 100% Where:
P: the percentage of correct answer F: the frequency of correct answer N: the total scores
Arikunto (2010:57) suggests five criteria‟s of the student‟s
competence as follows:
1) 81-100% : Very good
2) 61-80% : Good
3) 41-60% : Fair
4) 21-40% : Bad
5) 0-20% : Very Bad
2. T-test computation
The t-test formula is used to find out whether draw label caption strategy is effective or not. These are the steps in using t-test:
a. Making a table of the score of pre-test and post-test of the control and the experimental class.
b. Calculating means of each classes, the formula is as follows: Experimental class
Mx = Control class
My = Where:
c. Calculating the sum of squared derivation of class, the formula is: Experimental class
∑ = ∑ –
Control class
∑ = ∑ –
Where:
∑ : sum of squared derivation of experimental class. ∑ : sum of squared derivation of control class. (∑ ) : residual score of experimental class. (∑ ) : residual score of control class. N : number of students.
d. Applying all of them into T-test formula (Arikunto, 1993: 209-271), the T-test formula is as follows:
t =
√{ }{ }
Where:
Mx : Mean of the score of experimental class. My : Mean of the score of control class.
3. Inter-rater Reliability
In order to avoid the subjectively, a second rater is asked to mark students‟ writing. The mean between the first and second markers will be
calculated to determine students‟ score. The score will be calculated by joint agreement formula.
X =
X : the students writing score. I : the first rater‟s writing score. II : the second rater‟s writing score.
