Syst e m s An a lysis a n d
Syst e m s An a lysis a n d
D e sign
D e sign
D e sign
D e sign
Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom , and David Tegardenega de
Ch a pt e r 1 5 : I n st a lla t ion a n d Ope r a t ion s
Copyright 2005
John Wiley & Sons I nc
Slide 1
Copyright © 2005
J h Wil
& S
I
John Wiley & Sons, I nc.
All right s reserved. Reproduct ion or t ranslat ion of t his All right s reserved. Reproduct ion or t ranslat ion of t his work beyond t hat perm it t ed in Sect ion 117 of t he 1976 Unit ed St at es Copyright Act wit hout t he express writ t en perm ission of t he copyright owner is unlawful.
p py g
Request for furt her inform at ion should be addressed t o t he Perm issions Depart m ent , John Wiley & Sons, I nc. The purchaser m ay m ake back- up copies for his/ her own The purchaser m ay m ake back up copies for his/ her own use only and not for redist ribut ion or resale.
The Publisher assum es no responsibilit y for errors, om issions, or dam ages, caused by t he use of t hese om issions, or dam ages, caused by t he use of t hese
I n st a lla t ion
■ Be fam iliar w it h t he syst em inst allat ion process.
■ Underst and different t ypes of conversion st rat egies and when t o use t hem .
■ Underst and several t echniques for ■ Underst and several t echniques for m anaging change.
■ Be fam iliar w it h post - inst allat ion processes.
K
I d
Ke y I de a s
Transit ioning t o new syst em s involves Transit ioning t o new syst em s involves m anaging change from pre- exist ing norm s and habit s.
Change m anagem ent involves:
Unfreezing - - loosening up peoples’ habit s
Unfreezing loosening up peoples habit s and norm s
Moving - - t ransit ion from old t o new syst em s
Refreezing - - inst it ut ionalize and m ake ffi i t t h f d i t hi
K
I d
Ke y I de a s
Post im plem ent at ion act ivit ies Post - im plem ent at ion act ivit ies include providing:
S t em ppo t h help de k
Syst em support, such as help desks
Syst em s m aint enance, fixing bugs and providing im provem ent s
providing im provem ent s
Proj ect assessm ent, learning how t o im prove from proj ect experiences
M i
t i
Pl
i
M igr a t ion Pla n n in g
What act ivit ies will be
What act ivit ies will be
perform ed when and by whom
Technical aspect s
I nst alling hardw are and soft w are Convert ing dat a
Organizat ional aspect s
Training users on t he syst em
Mot ivat ing em ployees t o use t he new
C
i
St l
Con ve r sion St yle s
Direct conversion
Direct conversion
The new syst em inst ant ly replaces t he old
Parallel conversion
For a t im e bot h old and new syst em s are used The old is syst em s are used. The old is abandoned w hen t he new is proven fully capable
C
i
L
t i
Con ve r sion Loca t ion
Pilot conversion Pilot conversion
One or m ore locat ions are convert ed t o w ork out bugs before ext ending t o ot her locat ions out bugs before ext ending t o ot her locat ions
Phased conversion
Locat ions are convert ed in set s Locat ions are convert ed in set s
Sim ult aneous conversion
All locat ions are convert ed at t he sam e t im e All locat ions are convert ed at t he sam e t im e
C
i
M d l
Con ve r sion M odu le s
Whole syst em conversion
Whole syst em conversion
All m odules convert ed in one st ep
Modular conversion
When m odules are loosely When m odules are loosely
associat ed, t hey can be convert ed one at a t im e
Ke y Fa ct or s in Se le ct in g a
C
i
St
t
Con ve r sion St r a t e gy
Risk Risk
Seriousness of consequences of rem aining bugs
Cost
Parallel requires paying for t w o syst em s for a period of t im e
period of t im e
Sim ult aneous requires m ore st aff t o support all locat ions
Tim e
Y
T
You r Tu r n
Suppose you are leading t he conversion Suppose you are leading t he conversion from one word processor t o anot her at your universit y.
y y
Which conversion st rat egy w ould you use?
Suppose you are convert ing t o a new web- based course regist rat ion syst em ?
Ke y Role s in Ch a n ge
M
t
M a n a ge m e n t
The sponsor is t he business person The sponsor is t he business person who init iat ed t he request for t he
new syst em new syst em
The change agent is t he person( s) h l d t h h ff t
w ho lead t he change effort
Un de r st a n din g Re sist a n ce
t Ch
t o Ch a n ge
What is good for t he organizat ion is What is good for t he organizat ion, is not necessarily good for t he
individuals who work t here individuals who work t here
Cost versus benefit of t ransit ion as ll f t b t
well as of t o- be syst em
Adapt ing t o new w ork processes
Re visin g M a n a ge m e n t
P li i
Policie s
No com put er syst em w ill be No com put er syst em w ill be successfully adopt ed unless
m anagem ent policies support it s m anagem ent policies support it s adopt ion
M t t l f t i
Managem ent t ools for support ing adopt ion
Y
T
You r Tu r n
I dent ify and explain t hree
I dent ify and explain t hree
st andard operat ing procedures
f
h
h h
for t he course in w hich you are
using t his book
g
Discuss w het her t hey are form al
or inform al
or inform al
M t i
t i
Ad
t i
M ot iva t in g Adopt ion
The inform at ion st rat egy aim s t o The inform at ion st rat egy aim s t o convince adopt ers t hat change is bet t er
bet t er
The polit ical st rat egy uses
i t i l t ti t
organizat ional power t o m ot ivat e change
Different iat e bet w een ready
adopt ers, reluct ant adopt ers, and
Slide 25
T
i i
Tr a in in g
Every new syst em requires new
Every new syst em requires new
skills
New skills m ay involve use of
t he t echnology it self
t he t echnology it self
W h t t T
i
W h a t t o Tr a in
Should focus on helping users
Should focus on helping users
accom plish t heir t asks
Use cases provide an out line for
com m on act ivit ies and a basis
com m on act ivit ies and a basis
t o plan t raining
T
f T
i i
Type s of Tr a in in g
Typ e s o f Tra ining Whe n Typ e s o f Tra ining
One -to -One Cla ssro o m
Whe n
Wo uld Yo u Use Eac h o f Th
Co mp ute r-Ba se d The se
I n st it u t ion a liz a t ion of t h e
S
t
Syst e m
Provide support Provide support
Assist ance in using t he syst em
Provide m aint enance Provide m aint enance
Repair or fix discovered bugs or errors
Add m inor enhancem ent s t o provide added Add m inor enhancem ent s t o provide added value
Assess t he proj ect Assess t he proj ect
Analyze what was done well
Discover what act ivit ies need im provem ent in
Slide 31
T
f S
t
S
t
Type s of Syst e m Su ppor t
On dem and t raining at t im e of
On- dem and t raining at t im e of
user need
Online support
Frequent ly asked quest ions ( FAQ) Frequent ly asked quest ions ( FAQ)
Help desk
S
t
M i t
Syst e m M a in t e n a n ce
Syst em m aint enance is t he
Syst em m aint enance is t he
process of refining t he syst em
k
t o m ake sure it cont inues t o
m eet business needs
S
f Ch
R
Sou r ce s of Ch a n ge Re qu e st s
Operat ions group problem
Operat ions group problem
report s
User request ed enhancem ent s
Ot her syst em developm ent
Ot her syst em developm ent
proj ect s
P
j
t A
t
Pr oj e ct Asse ssm e n t
I m port ant for cont inued proj ect
I m port ant for cont inued proj ect
im provem ent
Especially im port ant for j unior
personnel t o im prove quickly
P
j
t T
R
i
Pr oj e ct Te a m Re vie w
Each m em ber prepares 2 3 page Each m em ber prepares 2- 3 page docum ent regarding her or his
act ions during t he proj ect act ions during t he proj ect
Focus on im provem ent not penalt ies Excellent behaviors are
acknow ledged and diffused t o ot hers
Team leader sum m arizes and
Slide 37
S
t
R
i
Syst e m Re vie w
Exam ine t he ext ent t o which
Exam ine t he ext ent t o which
t he cost s and benefit s of t he
l
d
syst em are realized
Use t his inform at ion t o help in
Use t his inform at ion t o help in
m ore accurat ely est im at ing
How did t he conversion go at
How did t he conversion go at
CD Select ions?
What did CD Select ions do t o
aid change m anagem ent
aid change m anagem ent
processes?
What were t he post
What were t he post
-im plem ent at ion act ivit ies at CD
Slide 39
S
Su m m a r y
Conversion is t he t echnical process
Conversion is t he t echnical process of replacing t he old syst em w it h t he new one Designers select t he
new one. Designers select t he
m et hod, t im ing, and locat ion of t he conversion process
conversion process.
Change m anagem ent is aim ed at
h l i t t d t t h
S
Su m m a r y
Post im plem ent at ion act ivit ies Post im plem ent at ion act ivit ies
provide on- going support t o users, include t raining people t o use t he include t raining people t o use t he syst em and provide part icipant s in t he developm ent process t he
t he developm ent process t he
opport unit y t o learn and grow from t heir experiences
t heir experiences
E
di
t h
D
i
Ex pa n din g t h e D om a in
An excellent source of inform at ion An excellent source of inform at ion all aspect s of t raining Com put
er-Based w eb based and classroom is Based, w eb- based, and classroom is t he Am erican Societ y for Training
and Developm ent : and Developm ent :
