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Hubungan Ketinggian dan Diameter Lubang Udara Tungku Pembakaran Biomassa dan Efisiensi Tungku

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+#&!-"+&! (&'55& +2$"#&3&' & &! &(" 23( $ #2'55"'&&' 2'2$5 (2$92 &$ 32( 5& 2(2 &! 23( $ ' " ($ &' ($&' # $(& - 2'"$"( &(& ($ 9" #2$ 2'(& 2 #2+&3& &' 2'2$5 '& , #2+&3& &' 2'2$5 "('"3 $"+&! (&'55& +2'6&#& .8 &$ ( (& #2+&3& 2'2$5 ' '2 &, (&+ : @@

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2&'55&$& : @@

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3&'-' 2# 2 & ' ("'53" %&'5 2 2' & & &! +2'6 #(&3&' #$ 2 #2+9&3&$&' %&'5 2+#"$'&- 2+9&3&$&' 2+#"$'& 9&!&' 9&3&$ &#&( 6&#& 4 3& "!" $"&'5&', 9&!&' 9&3&$ &' $& " &$& 9&!&' 9&3&$ #& & 3 ' %&'5 '5 '3&'- &$& +& "3 +2 & " "9&'5 2'5&' &(" "9&'5 " &$& +2+ 3 2 2' %&'5 29 ! ( '55 , &" &'& : @@

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6+-24& &' 2'5&' 3262#&(&' & $ +2' !, +&3& 4&$&3 "9&'5 2'5&' $"&'5 9&3&$ &' 92 &$ "9&'5 " &$& &3&' 92$#2'5&$"! (2$!& &# 3 ' "+ 9&!&' 9&3&$'%&- &$ 5&+9&$ , &'5&( 42 & 9&!<& 2+&3 ' 92 &$ 4&$&3 "9&'5 2'5&' $"&'5 9&3&$ &' 2+&3 ' 92 &$ "9&'5 " &$& +2'5&3 9&(3&' 2+&3 ' 92 &$ 9&!&' 9&3&$ %&'5 5"'&3&'- & <& &"#"' 62#&( +2' !3&' & $ & &+ #&'6 , (2(&# 9 $ 9&!&' 9&3&$- ) 2! 29&9 (", 92$ & &$3&' "& >&$ &9 2 ' 92 "+ 9 & +#" 3&' +&'& %&'5 29 ! 9& 3- /&$ &92 & '%& %&'5 #2$ " 3&4 & & &! &%&

#2+9&3&$&'-&%& #2+9&3&$&' ! ("'5 2'5&' +2'55"'&3&' #2$ &+&&' : ;- & ! ("'5&' ("'4"3&' #& & 5&+9&$ - &+9&$ +2'"'4"3&' 9&!<& 2 "& 2'5&' *1 %&'5 92 &$ +&3& &%& #2+9&3&$&' (2'(" &3&' +2'4& 92 &$- ) 2! 29&9 (", &+2(2$ %&'5 92 &$ &' 4&$&3 "9&'5 %&'5 92 &$ +2'5&3 9&(3&' &%& #2+9&3&$&' %&'5 92 &$ #" &- ' 4"5& (2 &! (2+"3&' 2!

&$( : @ ;, !(&$ : @ ;, " %&'( 33

: @ 7;- 2$23& +2+#2$ 2! 9&!<& &%& #2+9&3&$&' %&'5 92 &$ (2$92'("3 2! ("'53" %&'5 4&$&3 "9&'5 " &$& 2'5&' $"&'5 9&3&$

(5)

#& '5 92 &$ %& (" @ 6+- &+"' 2+ 3 &', #2$ " "4 >&$ &9 2 & ' %& (" &%& '2(( - #&3&! &%& '2(( &3&' 2$(& +2$(& 92 &$ 4"5& &(&" ( &3- &%& '2(( &#&( !&( #& & 5&+9&$

7-&+9&$ - "9"'5&' &%& #2+9&3&$&' 2'5&' 4&$&3 "9&'5 " &$& #& & &+2(2$ "9&'5 " &$&

6+ &' @

6+-&+9&$ 7- "9"'5&' &%& '2(( 2'5&' 4&$&3 "9&'5 " &$& 2'5&' $"&'5 9&3&$ #& & &+2(2$

"9&'5 6+ &' @

6+-2 &$& 6+-2'5&' 36+-266+-2#&&' #6+-2' !&', +&3& &$ 5&+9&$ 7 &#&( 3&(&3&' 9&!<& 2+&3 ' 92 &$ &+2(2$ "9&'5 " &$& &' 2+&3 ' 92 &$ 4&$&3 "9&'5 2'5&' $"&'5 9&3&$ +2'5!& 3&'

&%& '2(( %&'5 92 &$ #"

&-/&$ &92 (2$&3! $ %&'5 "4 & & &! 2 2' 2' #& & #2'2 ( &' ' &#&( ! ("'5 2'5&' +2'55"'&3&' #2$ &+&&' :=;- & &$ #2$! ("'5&' &#&( !&( #& & 5&+9&$

=-&+9&$ =- "9"'5&' &'(&$& 2 2' 2'5&' 4&$&3 "9&'5 " &$& #& & &+2(2$ "9&'5 " &$&

6+ &' @

6+-&$ 5&+96+-&$ =, &(" !& %&'5 &'5&( #2'( '5 "'("3 32(&!" & & &! 9&!<& 2+&3 ' 62#&( #$ 2 #2'6&#& &' & $ "'("3 +2' ! & &+ #&'6 , 2 2' '%& (2$'%&(& 2+&3 ' $2' &!- &+"' #2$'%&(&&' ' (2'("'%& !&'% 3!" " "'("3 #2'2 ( &' ' , 29&9 #2'2 ( &' +2'"'4"3&' 9&!<& 2+&3 ' 92 &$ "9&'5 " &$& &' 2+&3 ' 92 &$ 4&$&3 "9&'5 " &$& (2$!& &# $"&'5 #2+9&3&$&' 2 2' '%& 2+&3 ' 326 - ) 2! 29&9 (", !& ' "'55"! " ( "'("3 +2'2'("3&' +&'& %&'5 9& 3 &$ 23 &' >&$ & -&(" >&$ &9 2 %&'5 9&$&'53& &#&( 5"'&3&' "'("3 +2+#2$ 2! 32 +#" &' %&'5 #& & & &! 2 2' 9&5 2'5&' <&3(" "'("3 +2' !3&' & $ : " , ! %; & &+ #&'6 - & 2 2' #& & 4&$&3 @ 6+ &' "9&'5 @ 6+ & & &! , 8 &'

" , ! % '%& ..= , +&3& , 8D..= R @,@ 8D - 2+" &' #& & 4&$&3 "9&'5 .@ 6+ &'

&+2(2$ "9&'5 @ 6+, #2$ 2! 2 2' , 8

&' 9 '5 ( +2 '%& , +&3& #2$9&' '5&'%&

& & &! , 8D R @,@ 8D - & 2'5&'

2+ 3 &' 2 2' #2$ 2( 3'%& %&'5 9& 3 & & &! "'("3 4&$&3 @ 6+ &' &+2(2$ "9&'5 @ 6+-23&$&'5 "'("3 4&$&3 @ 6+ &' &+2(2$ "9&'5

6+, 9 '5 ( +2 '%& &' 2 2' '%&

@, 8, +&3& #2$9&' '5&'%& & & &! @, 8D R @,@ 8D - 2' &' " , ! % #& & 4&$&3

.@ 6+ &' &+2(2$ "9&'5 6+ & & &! 8 &' @ , +&3& #2$9&' '5&'%& & & &! 8D @ R @,@ 8D - & 32 +#" &'%& & & &! ("'53" 2'5&' 4&$&3 "9&'5 " &$& (2$!& &# $"&'5 9&3&$ @ 6+ &' &+2(2$ "9&'5 @ 6+ & & &! %&'5 (2$9& 3 #& & 3 ' #2'2 ( &' '

--%

2$ & &$3&' !& #2$! ("'5&' &' &'& & &(& %&'5 (2 &! &3"3&', +&3& &#&( (&$ 3 32 +#" &' &'(&$&'%&?

- 2+&3 ' 92 &$ "9&'5 " &$& :3!" " #& & #&#2$ ' @ 6+; &' 2+&3 ' 92 &$ 4&$&3 "9&'5 (2$!& &# $"&'5 9&3&$ :#& & #&#2$ '

@ 6+; &3&' 2+&3 ' 62#&( 9 '5 ( +2 '%&, 2+&3 ' 92 &$ *1 '%&, 2+&3 ' 92 &$ &%& #2+9&3&$&''%&, 2+&3 ' 92 &$ &%& '2(( '%&, 2+&3 ' 92 &$ &%& 2 '%& (2(&# 2+&3 ' 326 2 2'

'%&-- 2$9&' '5&' 2 2' (2$!& &# 9 '5 ( +2 +2'"'4"3&' 9&!<& &+2(2$ "9&'5 @ 6+ &' 4&$&3 "9&'5 (2$!& &# $"&'5 9&3&$ @ 6+ & & &! %&'5 (2$9&

3-1%

L M- (!&$ - @ - % , #+- /%! ,, "+ ,

+' # ( ' !+ ,/+ (% / # ))

!%#- ' ( %* ) % ) . /!+ (% ' ' - #1

3$ # , "$" &' 23' 3 2 ', *&3" (& 23' 3, ' >2$ (& &(&$&+,

(6)

&(&$&+-L M- &$ ', & '55 &' - @ - (" #2$ $+& ("'53" #2+9&3&$&' 9 +& & 92$9&!&' 9&3&$ +9&! 23&+ #& , # ) ' , % # ) " %) !%/, "$" &' 23' 3 2 ', *&3" (& 23' 3, ' >2$ (& $ < 4&%&,

&

2+9&'5-L.M- " &'( , "$!" & , & ! $ - @ - 0 * ) % ) + ,/+ - ! %#' & %' ,,

"$" &' * 3&, * , ' >2$ (& $&<

4&%&-L M- &" &'& - @@ - (! ) %* ) % ) !+ /+

)%/ '% , $ # ) "+ , ( ' '

/ ( #8 3$ # , ' ( ("( 2$(&' &' 5 $,

5

$-L M- " %&'( , $+&'( , !(&$ - @ 7

2'5&$"! 32( '55 &' "9&'5 " &$& #& &

("'53" #2+9&3&$&' 9 +& & (2$!& &# "'4"3

32$4&'%&- / %/ / %) 7: ;?

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5

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( ' / ( # # /%! !+ # !%#- ' (

%* ) % ) . /!+ (% ' ' - #, 3$ # , *&3" (&3 25"$"&' &' +" 2' 3&',

' >2$ (& 2+92$,

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-% ,-% , '%) !+ ,/+ - / #

/ &+ #% ' - ( "+) '% , % ,,+ / ' ' , %! )% % 8 "$" &' 23' 3 2 ', *&3" (& 23' 3, ' >2$ (& # '25 $

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