Promoting And Improving Local Horticulture Product for Sustainable Food Security In Bali.

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PROMOTING AND IMPROVING

LOCAL HORTICULTURE PRODUCT FOR

SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY IN BALI

I. N. RAI

Dean faculty of agriculture

Udayana university

PROMOTING AND IMPROVING

LOCAL HORTICULTURE PRODUCT FOR

SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY IN BALI

I. N. RAI

Dean faculty of agriculture

Udayana university

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

Food security exists when all

people

, at all

times

,

have physical, social and economic access to

sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their

dietary needs and food preferences for an active

and healthy life (FAO).



What is food security ?



and healthy life (FAO).



Four dimension of food security:

1. Availability

2. Safely

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APEC MEETING:

September 2

September 2thth_{, 2013}_{, 2013}

 Creating thepolicy partnership on food security(PPES)

 The role of PPES:

 to address food security concerns

 to oversee all issues related to/affecting food security

 



 to oversee all issues related to/affecting food security

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HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE HUNGRY .... ?????

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WORLD FOOD SUMMIT TARGET:



To halve the number of undernourished

people

by no later than 2015



reducing

the

number

of undernourished to 412





the

number

of undernourished to 412

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Global Hunger Index

 19 countries sufferfrom considerable high levels of vulnerability (UNEncap, 2011)

 Nine countriesclassified as “serious” and 10 considered “alarming”

Serious Alarming Indonesia Mongolia Afghanistan Bangladesh Cambodia Mongolia Myanmar Philippines Sri Lanka Thailand Turkmenistan Viet Nam Uzbekistan Cambodia

Democratic Republic of Korea India Lao PDR Nepal Pakistan Tajikistan Timor-Leste

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FOOD INSECURITY:



Temporary



localised food shortages



Protracted



large-scale famine.



Chronic



widespread poverty (millions of

people are permanently vulnerable to famine)













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FEEDING INDONESIA

IS THERE ENOUGH FOOD TO NOURISH

EVERYONE

?



Indonesia:

“Serious” problem in food security



FEEDING INDONESIA

IS THERE ENOUGH FOOD TO NOURISH

EVERYONE

?



Indonesia:

“Serious” problem in food security



Food

Food security

security is

is a

a complex

complex issue

issue

,, not

not only

only

linked

linked to

to increasing

increasing population,

population, but

but also

also land

land

conversion,

conversion, urbanization,

urbanization, climate

climate change,

change, and

and

soil

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CONSTRAINTS IN ACHIEVING

FOOD SECURITY



Loss of agricultural land/land conversion



large amount

of fertile agriculture land was converted to non agriculture use



Global Climate Change



Land ownership



in general very small: 0.20 – 1.0 hectare





 12 





Land ownership



in general very small: 0.20 – 1.0 hectare



Environmental degradation and over exploitatio

n



use

of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, mechanisation and

monocropping to increase productivity



widespread

environmental damage (erosion, water contamination by

pesticides, biodiversity loss).

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Dysfunctional systems



Processes: high input prices,

fall in food production,

climate change,

demographic changes,

changes in

consumption patterns, and urbanization



Policies:

neglect of agriculture

, faulty public distribution

system, subsidy and tax policies.



 



system, subsidy and tax policies.



Institutions

:

unequal property rights

(land and water

rights), bad governance, and distorted markets.

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WELFARE SOCIETY OF INDONESIA

Country Incomme per Capita 1957 Incomme per Capita 2002 Enhancement (%) Enhancement per Year

(%)

Indonesia 131 710 441.9 9.8

K. Selatan 144 9930 6795.8 151.0

Income per capita of Indonesia and some countries (1957 and 2002, in US$)

Malaysia 356 3540 894.4 19.8

Jepang 306 33550 10864.1 241.4

Thailand 96 1980 1962.5 43.6

India 73 480 557.5 12.4

Cina 73 940 1187.6 26.4

Nepal 45 230 411.1 9.1

Kuwait 2900 18270 530.0 11.8

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INDONESIA

INDONESIA VS MALAYSIA KOREA

1957 2002 131 710 356 3540 141 9930

SIMULATION OF INCOME PER CAPITA

(US $)

2035 2053 3540 9930 ? ? ? ?

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Food Security in Bali

Bali has strong capital base in food security:

 Land resources: soil fertility, soil availability

 Genetic resources and utilization: mega-biodiversity, food crop, plantation crops, horticulture, livestock, etc

 

How do these become a powerful tools

to combat food insecurity

..????

 

food crop, plantation crops, horticulture, livestock, etc

 Water resources and subak system

 Human resources: local indegenous, skilled farmers, research Institutions in Agriculture,

Universities, skilled workers.

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AGRICULTURE, ENVIROMENT

AND FOOD SECURITY

A = 3 F + 2 E

A

= Agriculture

3 F

= Food for human

Food for animal

Food for Energy

2 E

= Economy

Environment

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Agricultural conditions in Bali comparison between 1971 to 2009

GDP contribution of the agricultural sector and the workers

who work in the agricultural sector

Sector

GDP (at constant rate) People who work in the sector

1971 2009 1971 2009

billion Rp % billion Rp % (000 people) % (000 people) %

Agriculture 444,60 59,30 5.362,39 20,45 466,20 67,50 712,44 34,60

manufacturing 66,60 8,90 3.996,08 15,24 43,50 10,30 443,06 21,50

Secrvices 238,30 31,80 16.869,81 64,32 153,10 22,20 901,62 43,80

Number 749,50 100,00 26.228,28 100,00 619.3 100,00 2057.12 100,00

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Share of agriculture has declined in the

period 2009-2011

Sectoral GDP contribution of Bali Province

the period 2009 - 2011

Source: BPS Propinsi Bali, 2011

Share of trade, hotels and restaurants increased in

the period 2009-2011

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THE LATEST CENSUS ON AGRICULTURE:

 Bali monthly decrease of 700 farming households  Many farmers were oldand ready for retirement.

 Thousands of hectares of rice fields were converted(at between 350 and 400 ha annually) to make way for various infrastructure projects, mainly for tourism infrastructure



But still optimistic that farming remains

  

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RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE

AND TOURISM:

TODAY:

 Tourism destroyingother sectors (agriculture, culture, environment)  Tourism domination agriculture

marginalizing.        marginalizing.

 Asymmetric development.

NEED SYNERGISTIC-COMPLEMENTARISTIC APPROACH:

 Mutually beneficial, symbiotic mutualistic

 Producer-consumer relationship

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IMPLEMENTATION OF SYNERGISTIC

--COMPLEMENTARISTIC RELATIONSHIP:

COMPLEMENTARISTIC RELATIONSHIP:

REALIZE THAT AGRICULTURE AND TOURISM SUPPORT EACH OTHER:

 Tourism as a market of agricultural products(fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, etc.).

 Tourism as the agent to promote diversificationand

 



 

 Tourism as the agent to promote diversificationand improving the quality of agricultural products.

 Agriculture as a tourism attraction ecotourism, rural tourism, art / culture in Subak, etc..

 Tourism as a driver of agriculture to protect the environment(eco-friendly farming systems)  green tourism, sustainable tourism trend.

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Why Horticulture ?

OPPORTUNITIES FOR HORTICULTURE:

 Food safety: health and nutrition Fruits and vegetables as part of the daily diet of every population

 Economy: more jobs, more markets High quality products, high added value, high market opportunities tourism, regional and

international are attractive markets

          

international are attractive markets

 Environment: managing natural resources and wastes High-tech horticulture: intensive but non polluting good agricultural practices, complementary activities within urban areas, post-harvest and marketing also eco-friendly.

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

The local horticulture commodities such as

vegetables and fruits predicted to give

favorable

contribution

in

supporting

tourismsector in Bali island.



Bali has many kinds of superior fruit,

vegetable, orchids

, etc, which has economic

value. Horticulture very supportive to tourism

requirements in Bali.







requirements in Bali.

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Horticulture

Livestock

Food Crop

Expected condition

SYNERGY:

Growth in one sector will attract other sectors, as the relationship "supply-demand" (Ani Insani, 2012)

Tourism Agriculture

Food Crop

Culture

Labour

View, nature, scenery

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horticultural

development constraints

Sanitary issues  promoting good practices for safe fruit and vegetable consumption and safe environment  reduction of pesticide residues, chemical miss-uses in horticulture        

Access to the markets tourism market not yet using local farmers product especially small scale farmers  impact of supermarkets on small-scale farmers, Impact of new technologies (ICT, GMO) on small scale farmers.

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 Central government’s policy to limit horticulture products import

at the beginning of the year has given positive impact for local horticulture products so it brings benefit for farmers.

 Limitation of the import gives positive impact so that the selling value of local fruits is lifted up. It improves the farmers’ wealth in the region. the positive impact could be maintained by farmers by adjusting



EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT’S POLICY



region. the positive impact could be maintained by farmers by adjusting the existing harvest season.

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

One of the primary tasks of higher education in

agriculture is to improve the food security status

of its people through instruction, research and

extension services.



Role of higher education

of agriculture



extension services.



Developing concepts of ecologically sustainable

production of horticulture.

Such systems must be:



natural resource conserving



socially/culturally supportive



commercially competitive

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Sustainability Issues:



Long term viability and resilience of rural

economies.



Role of higher education

of agriculture

Sustainability Issues:



economies.



Conservation and enhancement of the natural

resource base.



Avoidance of environmental impacts.



Socio-economic viability of rural communities.

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 Horticultureproduct is very important for increasing income, welfare, and food security of small scale farmer in Bali

 Needed developing a direct marketingstrategy link to tourism to promote local product of Horticulture

   

Conclusion

 

to tourism to promote local product of Horticulture

 Sustainable natural resource management and conservation

 Empowering small scale farmers and pro-poor policy.

 Increased investment (private, government) for the development of agribusiness based horticultural

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