v
MOTTO
"For each one are successive [angels] before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And when Allah intends for a people ill,
there is no repelling it. And there is not for them besides Him any patron.” (QS. Ar Ra’du: 11)
vi DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to all who has given me knowledges, motivations and
loves…
This work is sincerely dedicated for: 1. The Greatest Allah SWT
2. My beloved parents and sisters who always pray for me to become better person in this life, I love you so much.
3. My big family
4. Nurul ‘Aini, someone who is sent by Allah to love me
5. All of my friends in DEE, TRAP Management, RAVEN,
Jokky Boy Kos, Satibi Squad and Melon Juice
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and merciful, the King of universe
and space. Thanks to Allah because the writer could complete this research paper as
one of requirements to finish studying in English Department of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
This research paper would not have been completed without supports,
guidances and helps from individual’s institution. Therefore, I would like to express
special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof. Dr. H. Bambang Setiaji, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta
2. Mr. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta
3. Mrs. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
4. Mr. Drs. Maryadi, MA. and Mrs. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, the
consultants of the research paper for all their suggestions, patiences,
recommendations and supports for this research paper from the beginning till the
end
5. All lecturers in English Department Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for all guidances, knowledges, supports, and etc
6. His beloved family, his mother, Tri Mursih and his father, Eko Srihartanto, who
always give supports and great motivations both materials and spirituals during
the study until completing this research paper. This research paper doesn’t exist
ix SUMMARY
AHMAD FAUZI JAMALUDDIN. A320110210. A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN ANONYMOUS MOVIE SCRIPT. Research Paper, School of Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. July, 2015.
The research aims at describing the types of figurative language, implicature, and flouting maxim of Anonymous movie. The research employs the descriptive qualitative as the type of the research. The data source of this research is the script of Anonymous movie. Techniques of collecting data are watching the Anonymous movie, searching then downloading the Anonymous movie script, reading the Anonymous movie script, identifying the types of figurative languages in the movie script and underlying them, typing those figurative languages in paper, describing the types of figurative language by using Perrine theory and coding the data. The techniques of data analysis are describing the types of figurative language found in the Anonymous Movie Script, the writer uses Perrine theory (1977), describing the types the implicature, the writer refers to the theory of Grice (1989), and drawing discussion, describing the flouting maxim, the writer uses Cutting’s theory (2002). The data are shown with the italic, bold and underline words. One datum analysis presents figurative language, implicature and flouting maxim analysis. So, it doesn’t analyze separately. The result of the study shows that 1) the types of figurative language are: Metaphor (30.56%) which always uses an implicit comparison at the movie’s mind. The second position is Hyperbole (27.78%), and the third position is Simile (19.44%) and the fourth position is Personification (16.67%). Based on the frequency of occurrence, Irony (5.56%) is in the last position. 2) The all implicature of figurative languages cover conversational implicature (100%) and none of them are conventional implicature (0%). The conversational implicature divided into: particularized conversational implicature (94.44%) and generalized conversational implicature (5.56%) (3) The flouting maxim are used by the characters: flouting maxim of quality (86.11%), flouting maxim of relation (5.56%), flouting maxim of manner (5.56%), flouting maxim of quantity (2.78%).
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
ACCEPTANCE ... iii
TESTIMONY ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... xiii
LIST OF TABLES ... xiv
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study ... 1
B. Problem Statements ... 5
C. Objectives of the Study ... 5
D. Benefits of the Study... 5
E. Research Paper Organization ... 6
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY A. Previous Study ... 8
B. Figurative Languages ... 12
C. Types of Figurative Language ... 13
1. Simile ... 13
2. Metaphor ... 14
3. Personification ... 14
4. Apostope ... 15
xi
6. Metonymy ... 15
7. Symbol ... 16
8. Allegory ... 16
9. Paradox ... 17
10.Hyperbole/ Overstatement ... 17
11.Understatement ... 17
12.Irony ... 18
D. Pragmatics ... 18
E. Principles of Pragmatics ... 19
1. Entailment ... 19
a. Conventional Implicature ... 24
b. Conversational Implicature ... 24
1) Generalized Conversational Implicature ... 24
2) Particularized Conversational Implicature ... 24
G. Grice’s Cooperative Principle ... 25
xii
I. Context of Speech ... 31
J. Movie ... 32
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of Research ... 35
B. Object of the Research ... 35
C. Data and Data Source ... 35
D. Technique of Collecting Data ... 36
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 37
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Research Findings ... 38
B. Discussion ... 86
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 94
B. Suggestion ... 95
REFERENCES ... 96
APPENDIX ... 99
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SIM : Simile
META : Metaphor
PERS : Personification
HYP : Hyperbole
IRON : Irony
xiv
THE LISTS OF THE TABLES
TABLE PAGES
4.1 Figurative Language Types 91
4.2 Implicature of Figurative Language Types 91
4.3 Conversational Implicature 92
