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m Interne tatau media lain untuk kepen itngan akademi s r
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P 23Agustus2013 n
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i v T C A R T S B A u
M ol ,y Valenitna Pupu tAndayani .2013. Famliy Abuse a sRelfected in The s ’i n i e s s o H d e l a h K n i d e e h s a R f o r e t c a r a h
C A Thousand Splendid Suns.
: a tr a k a y g o
Y Engilsh Language Educaiton Study Program , Depatrmen t o f , n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T f o y tl u c a F , n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S s e s y l a n a y d u t s s i h
T AThousandSplendidSuns ,anove lw irttenbyKhaled l e v o n e h t n i d e b ir c s e d s e u s s i r o j a m e h t f o e n O . i n i e s s o
H isf amliy abuse .Famliy
e s u b
a happens in Rasheed’ s famliy .Famliy abuse i s porrtayed through the s e h t n I . d e e h s a R f o r e t c a r a h
c tory, tii st old t ha tRasheed marire sMa iram. I n t he m a ir a M r e tf A . y li p p a h e v il y e h t , e g a ir r a m r i e h t f o g n i n n i g e
b get smiscarirages
d e e h s a R , s e m it l a r e v e
s sta tr sdoing t he abuses .Hesta trs t o abuse Mairam when r o w e s u o h g n i o d n i s e k a t s i m e lt ti l s e o d m a ir a
M k .A tfe rsevera lyears ,Rasheed
e y n e e tr u o f a s e ir r a
m ar soldgilrnamedLalia .Laliagive sbi trhababygri lnamed s l e e f d e e h s a R . a z i z
A disappointed because heexpect sa baby ybo .Heshow shi s t n e m t n i o p p a s i
d bydoingabusetoLaliaandAziza. r h t e r a e r e h
T eeproblem sdiscussed i n t hi sstudy .Thef risti showRasheed s i y li m a f s ’ d e e h s a R w o h s i m e l b o r p d n o c e s e h T . l e v o n e h t n i d e b ir c s e d s i f o s r e b m e m e h t s e s u b a d e e h s a R w o h s i m e l b o r p d ri h t e h T . l e v o n e h t n i d e b ir c s e d . y li m a f s i h u t s s i h t n i d e il p p a d o h t e m e h
T dy wa s ilbrary study .The p irmary source l e v o n s ’i n i e s s o H d e l a h K s a
w ,AThousandSplendid Suns .Thesecondary source s r f d e n i a t b o e r e
w om book sand othe rw irtten sources .Theory o fcharacte rand o i c o s d n a , e s u b a f o y r o e h t , y li m a f f o y r o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h
c cutlural-histo irca l
n a t s i n a h g f A f o d n u o r g k c a
b were employed. Psychologica l approach and sociocutlural-histo irca l approach w sa used to analyze the novel . Theory o f
. m e l b o r p t s ri f e h t r e w s n a o t d e t n e m e l p m i e r e w n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a s r e t c a r a h c e h
T oryoff amliyandt hesociocutlural-historica lbackgroundo fAfghanistanwere m r o f d n o c e s e h t r e w s n a o t d e s
u ulatedproblem .Theoryo fabusewa semployedt o . n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p d ri h t e h t r e w s n a b ir c s e d s i d e e h s a R , s i s y l a n a e h t n o d e s a
B eda ssel ifsh ,dishones,t r oughe ,r k c o m d n a , g n it a n i m ir c s i
d e . r Rasheed’sf amliy i sdescirbed a san extended t ypeo f ,s e v i w s i h , d e e h s a R f o s t s i s n o c h c i h w , y li m a
f hi s stepchlid , and hi s son .
y li m a f s ’ d e e h s a
R follow sthe rtadiitona lpatirarchy socia lsystem .In thi scase , a
R sheedha smoredominan tposiitonthan MairamandLalia .Rasheed’ sdominan t .s r e b m e m y li m a f s i h e s u b a o t m i h s r e g g ir t n o it i s o
p Therearet wokind so fabuses
d e e h s a R t a h
t doestot hemember so fhisf amliy .Theyarepatrne rabuseandchlid .
e s u b
a Thist hesi salsoprovide ssuggesitons. Thef uturer esearchers aresuggested o
t analyzetheeducaitonalbackground o fMairam andLaliawhichi n lfuencet hei r g n i k n i h t f o s y a
w and t heeffect so fchlidhoodf o rMairamandLalia.Fort eaching k r o w y r a r e ti l g n i s u h s il g n
E ,i ti ssuggested to use thi snove la sthe mateira lin g n i h c a e
t Vocabulary. : s d r o w y e
ii v ABSTRAK o
y l u
M ,Valenitna Pupu tAndayani .2013 .Famliy Abuse a sRelfected in The d e e h s a R f o r e t c a r a h
C in Khaled Hossein’is A Thousand Splendid Suns. : a tr a k a y g o
Y Program Stud i Pendidikan Bahasa Ingg irs , Jurusan Pendidikan , n a k i d i d n e P u m lI n a d n a u r u g e K s a tl u k a F , i n e S n a d a s a h a
B Universtia sSanata
. a m r a h D i s p ir k
S in imenganailsaAThousandSplendidSuns ,nove lyangdtiuil soleh m a l a d n a s a r e k e k h a l a d a i n i l e v o n m a l a d a m a t u a m e t u t a s h a l a S . i n i e s s o H d e l a h K n a s a r e k e K . d e e h s a R a g r a u l e k i d i d a jr e t a g r a u l e k m a l a d n a s a r e k e K . a g r a u l e k n a k a ti r e c i d , l e v o n m a l a D . d e e h s a R r e t k a r a k i u l a l e m n a k r a b m a g i d a g r a u l e k m a l a d h a l e t e S . a i g a h a b p u d i h a k e r e m , n a h a k i n r e p l a w a a d a P . m a ir a M i h a k i n e m d e e h s a R a r u g u g e k i m a l a g n e m m a ir a
M n beberapa kail , Rasheed mula i melakukan n a s a r e k e
k .Rasheed mula imelakukan kekerasan pada Mairam keitka Ma iram a k a jr e g n e m m a l a d l i c e k n a h a l a s e k n a k u k a l e
m npekejraanr umaht angga .Beberapa g n a r o e s i h a k i n e m d e e h s a R , n a i d u m e k n u h a
t gadi sberumu rempa tbela stahun . a li a L a m a n r e
b Lalia melahrikan seorang bay i perempuan bernama Aziza . i k a l i y a b n a k p a r a h g n e m a i d a n e r a k a w e c e k d e e h s a
R -laki .Rasheed menunjukkan
k e
k ecewaannyadenganmelakukankekerasankepadaLaliadanAziza. a
g it a d
A permasalaha n yang dibaha sdalam sk irps iini .Yang petrama a n a m i a g a b h a l a d a a u d e k g n a Y . l e v o n i d n a k r a b m a g i d d e e h s a R a n a m i a g a b h a l a d a g it e k g n a Y . l e v o n m a l a d n a k r a b m a g i d d e e h s a R a g r a u l e
k aadalah bagaimanacara
. a y n a g r a u l e k a t o g g n a p a d a h r e t n a s a r e k e k n a k u k a l e m d e e h s a R a k a t s u p i d u t s h a l a d a i n i i s p ir k s n a s il u n e p m a l a d n a k a n u g i d g n a y e d o t e
M .
a y n a m a t u r e b m u
S adalah nove lKhaled Hosseini ,A Thousand Splendid Suns . n i a l r e b m u
S diperolehdar ibuku-buku dansumbert etruilsl ainnya .Teor ikarakte r k a l e b r a t a l n a d n a s a r e k e k i r o e t , a g r a u l e k i r o e t , n a r e t k a r a k g n e p n a
d ang
n a t s i n a h g f
A digunakan . Pendekatan psikologi s dan pendekatan sejarah-sosia l a
y a d u
b digunakan dalam menganailsa novel .Teor ikarakte rdan pengkarakteran r a t a l n a d a g r a u l e k i r o e T . a m a tr e p n a h a l a s a m r e p b a w a j n e m k u t n u n a k p a r e ti d h a r a j e s g n a k a l e
b -sosia l budaya Afghanistan digunakan untuk menjawab a u d e k n a h a l a s a m r e
p .Permasalahankeitgadjiawabmenggunakant eor ikekerasan. e
B rdasarkananailsis ,Rasheed digambarkansebaga iseseorangyangegois , i a g a b e s n a k r a b m a g i d d e e h s a R a g r a u l e K . h o o m e c n e p n a d , h i s a k h il i p , r a s a k , k i c il a d i ri d r e t g n a y r a s e b a g r a u l e
k r iRasheed ,ist ir-ist irnya ,anak itirnya ,dan anak e h s a R a g r a u l e K . a y n g n u d n a
k ed menganu t sistem kemasyarakatan patirilneal . l g n a y i s i s o p i k il i m e m d e e h s a R , i n i l a h m a l a
D ebihdominandar ipadaMa iramdan
a t o g g n a a d a p e k d e e h s a R n a k u k a li d g n a y n a s a r e k e k s i n e j a u d a d A . a li a L ir t s i p a d a h r e t n a s a r e k e k u ti a y , a y n a g r a u l e
k -istirnya dan kekerasan terhadap
a y n k a n
a .Sk irpsii nij ugamembeirkansaran-saran .Penelti iselanjutnyadisarankan a
g n e
m nailsa lata rbelakang pendidikan Mairam dan Lalia yang mempengaruh i . a li a L n a d m a ir a M i g a b l i c e k a s a m k a p m a d n a d , a k e r e m r i k i p r e b a r a
c Pengajaran
a rt s a s a y r a k n a k a n u g g n e m g n a y s ir g g n I a s a h a
b dianjurkan untuk menggunakan
r a j a g n e m m a l a d i r e t a m i a g a b e s i n i l e v o
n Vocabulary.
: i c n u k a t a
ii i v
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A
o t e k il d l u o w
I praisemyLordJesu sCh irst rfo al lo fHisl oveandblessings . g n it s u a h x e s i h t g n ir u d s n i a p d n a r a e f e h t m o r f e e r f e m g n i k a m r o f m i H k n a h t I
. e r u li a f f o r a e f e h t m o r f y a w a r a f e m g n i k a m r o f m i H k n a h t o s l a I . s s e c o r
p In
e d u ti t a r g y m s s e r p x e o t e k il d l u o w o s l a I , n o it i d d
a to t hosewho havesuppo tred
. e m
t s ri
F ly , I would ilke to thank my spons , or Drs . Bambang Henda tro m
u H . M , o n o s r a w il u
Y ,. who ha sguided mei nt heproces so fwiritng t hist hesis . I v
d a , e c n e it a p s i h r o f m i h k n a h
t ice ,and itmefo rconsutlaiton untlimy t hesi swa s .
e n o
d My grattiude also goe sto Sanata Dharma Universtiy tha tha sgiven me f f a t s e v it a rt s i n i m d a e h t d n a , s r e r u t c e l y m l l a o t , y d u t s o t s e it il i c a f d n a e c a l
p s fo the
, m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n
E mbak Dani ,and mbak Tari, who
h e v a
h elpedmedu irngmys tudyi nSanataDharmaUniverstiy . y
l d n o c e
S , Iwould ilke to expres smy deepes tgrattiude to my beloved ,
s t n e r a
p Stephanu sSuroyo & Yusitna Sukini ,who have given me praye rand .
n o it c e f f
a I also would ilke to expres smy specia l grattiude to my beloved ,
d n a b s u
h Danie lMurdani ,S.P d,.fo rhi sencouragemen tand suppo tr. Iwould ilke d n a s e r a c r i e h t r o f n a h o J s a m d n a , a k s i R k a b m , a ti D u b , n i w r e H k a p k n a h t o t
.s i s e h t y m g n it e l p m o c g n ir u d r e y a r p
. tr o p p u s d n a s n o i s s u c s i d e h t r o f r u T k a p d n a , r e b m e J , a k i V k n a h t I , y l d ri h T
H d n e ir f t s e b y m o t s e o g o s l a s s e n l u f k n a h t y
M eraf o reverythingwehaveshared .
x i y m s s e r p x e o t e k il d l u o w I , y ll a n i
F grattiude to al lpeople who canno t be . y d u t s y m g n ir u d t r o p p u s d n a e c i v d a r i e h t r o f m e h t k n a h t I . e n o y b e n o d e n o it n e m
x
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
e g a P E
G A P E L T I
T ... i L
A V O R P P A F O S E G A
P ... ii Y
T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
S ... vi E
P N A A T A Y N R E
P RSETUJUANPUBLIKASI ... v T
C A R T S B
A ... iv K
A R T S B
A ... ii.. v S
T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ... iiv i S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ... x S
E C I D N E P P A F O T S I
L ... xi N
O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H C
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton ... 6 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy ... 6
.
D Benefti soft heStudy ... 6 .
E De ifniitono fTerm s... 7 .
1 Abuse ... 7 .
2 Characters ... 8 .
3 Famliy... 8
.
4 Afghanistan ... 8 .
i x
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R : I I R E T P A H C
.
A Reviewo fRelatedTheo ires ... 0.. 1 .
1 Characte randCharacteirzaiton ... 01
.
2 C iritca lApproach ... 41 .
3 Famliy... 61 .
4 Abusesi nFamliy ... 71 .
a Patrne rAbuse... 71
)
1 Kind so fPa trne rAbuse... 81 ).
a Physica lAbuse ... 81 ).
b Sexua lAbuse... 81 )
2 Cause so fPatrne rAbuse ... 81
).
a Feminis tAccounts ... 91 ).
b Psychologica lExplanaiton ... 91 c ). Biologica lExplanaiton... 91 .
b ChlidAbuse ... 02
)
1 Kind so fCh lidAbuse ... 02 ).
a Neglect ... 12 ).
b Physica lAbuse ... 12 ).
c Sexua lAbuse... 12 )
2 Cause so fChlidAbuse... 22
).
a Povetry ... 22 ).
b Ageo fCaregiver ... 22 ).
ii x ).
d Caregive rHistoryo fBeingAbuseda sAChlid... 32 ).
e UnreailsitcExpectaiton so fChlidren... 32 ).
f ChlidFactor... 32
.
B Reviewo fSocio-Histo irca lBackgroundo fAfghanistan... 42 .
C MusilmFamliyLaw... 62 .
D Reviewo fRelatedStudies ... 8.... 2 .
E Theoreitca lFramework ... 92
Y G O L O D O H T E M H C R A E S E R : I I I R E T P A H C
.
A Objec toft heStudy ... 13 .
B Approachoft heStudy ... 33 .
C Methodoft heStudy... 33
S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H C
.
A TheDescirpitono fRasheed ... 4.. 3 .
1 Selifsh ... 53 .
2 Dishonest ... 63
.
3 Rougher ... 73 .
4 Disc irminaitng ... 04 .
5 Mocker... 24 .
B TheDescirpitono fRasheed’ sFamliy ... 24 .
C Rasheed’ sAbuses ... 74
.
1 Patrne rAbuse... 74 .
a AbusingMairam... 84 .
ii i x .
2 Ch lidAbuse ... 25 R
E T P A H
C V :CONCLUSIONS,I MPLICATIONS ,ANDSUGGESTIONS .
A Conclusions ... 55
.
B Impilcaitons ... 75 .
C Suggesitons... 85 .
1 Suggesitonf o rTheFutureResearcher ... 85 .
2 Suggesitonf o rTeachingEngilshUsingLtieraryWork ... 85 S
E C N E R E F E
R ... 06 S
E C I D N E P P
v i x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
e g a P :
A x i d n e p p
A Summary ... 26 y
h p a r g o i B : B x i d n e p p
A ... 65 s
u b a ll y S : C x i d n e p p
A ... 86 n
a l P n o s s e L : D x i d n e p p
A ... 71 e
g a s s a P g n i d a e R e h T : E x i d n e p p
A ... 74 s
t u o d n a H : F x i d n e p p
1
I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T t bhe ackgroundoft hestudy ,problemformulaiton ,
, y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b
o beneftis o f the study and deifniiton o f terms . The
c i p o t e h t d n a l e v o n e h t g n it c e l e s f o s n o s a e r e h t s n i a l p x e y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b
u c s i
d ssed . Problem formulaiton states the problem analyzed in thi s study.
ll e t y d u t s e h t f o s ti f e n e
B the beneftis taken from thi sstudy .The las tpar ti s
ll e t t a h t s m r e t f o n o it i n if e
d thet erm susedi nt hiss tudy.
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
, y a d t n e s e r p e h t n
I peopleagree t ha tfamliy i s t hemosti mpo tran tpatr i n
l l a f o s e s a b e h T . p i h s n o it a l e r e s o l c y r e v a s a h y li m a f t a h t e z il a e r y e h T . e fi l ri e h t
m o r f e m o c p i h s n o it a l e
r afamliy .Af amliyi screatedwhenmariragehappens .The
m , r e h t a f f o t s i s n o c s r e b m e m y li m a
f other , and chlidren . Each membe r ha s
s a n u k i P o t g n i d r o c c A . s k s a t t n e r e f fi
d (1976), famliy si “an endu irng socia lgroup
n o d e s a
b marirage and blood relaitonship” (p .60) . From the deifniiton, i ti s
f t a h t n w o n
k amliy ha sa big i n lfuencefo r ti smembers .The member scanno tbe
. r e h t e g o t e c a l p d n a e m it n i a tr e c n i e v il y e h T . d e ti n u e r a y e h t e s u a c e b d e t a r a p e s
. w o r g o t e c a l p t s e b e h t s i y li m a f t a h t t h g ir s i ti , o S
r e n g a t
S andRosen(1965 )statethatt hef ristf actori n lfuencingi ndividuals ’
i m a f e h t s i y ti l a n o s r e
p ly stiuaiton .The rteatmen to fthe parents in term so f
t c e f f
a i on,authortiy ,anddiscipilneareanalyzed(p .48) .Ther oleoft heparentsi n
y ll a i c e p s e s r e b m e m e h t e g a r u o c n
e when something bad happen sto one o ft he
r e b m e
m s I . tf eelst hattheothe rmember salsohavet hesameexpeirencewtihhim
.r e h r o
s a h y li m a f h c a
E dfiferen tgoals .People moslty hope tha tby having a
y li m a
f theycanf ee lhappy .Af amliyi sknownast heimageofl oveandhappines .s
s
A the itmegoes yb , t hei mageofl oveand happines sdreamedwli lgo. Skolnick
3 8 9 1
( ) state s“Thef amliy rtadiitonally i sviewed asaplaceofl oveandsoildartiy.
n
I tf , ac famliyi soneoft hef ewgroupsi ns ocietyempoweredbyl awand rtadiiton
r o f l a c i s y h p e s u o
t ceandr esrtain ton ti smembers”( p .91) .Fromt hede ifniiton,i t
. y li m a f a n i n e p p a h n a c e s u b a t a h t n w o n k s i
o s a e r y n a m e r a e r e h
T n sfor famliy abuse .Skolnick (1983 )say s“The
a c i s y h p f o t a e r h t t i c il p m i r o l a u t c
a lcoercion i sone o fmany factor sundelrying
. ) 4 1 . p ( ” y li m a f e h t n i e c n a n i m o d e l a
m I tmeanst ha tabusecan happen i nf amliy
f a n e e w t e b e c n a l a b m i r e w o p s i e r e h t e s u a c e
b athe rand a mother .Moreove,r
t a h t s e t a t s k c i n l o k
S famliy abuse happen s because o f a decilne qualtiy o f
e r a y e h T . e g a ir r a m f o y ti l a u q e n il c e d a f o s e s u a c o w t s e t a t s k c i n l o k S . e g a ir r a m
e h t m o r f m e h t s e t a l o s i t a h t e fi w a d n a d n a b s u h a n e e w t e b n o it a c i n u m m o c d e ti m il
c i m o n o c e e h t d n a d lr o w e d i s t u
o chao stha tmake shusband falis to provide the
a
f mliy needs. I ti simpo tran tfo rthe famliy paying atteniton to the qualtiy o f . e fi l y li m a f f o y ti l a u q e h t s e c n e u lf n i e g a ir r a m f o l u f s s e c c u s e h t e s u a c e b e g a ir r a m
r e n tr a p y h w s e s u a c e r a e r e h T . s e l p u o c e g a ir r a m o t n e p p a h y a m e s u b A
n o s li W . s n e p p a h e s u b
a e tal. (1996 )state three perspecitve son the cause so f
r e v o l o rt n o c n i a g o t r e w o p r i e h t e s u n e m e s u a c e b s n e p p a h e s u b a r e n tr a p t a h t s n o it u ti t s n i e h t y b d e tr o p p u s s i t i d n a n e m o
w o fsociety such a smarirage and
d n o c e s e h T . e c r o f d n a t a e r h t s a h c u s n o i c r e o c e s u o t d n e t n e m , s e d i s e B . y li m a f c y s p s i e v it c e p s r e
p hologica lexplanaiton .Thiss econdperspecitveexplain swhyan
i v a h e b e v i s s e r g g a y ll a c i s y h p n i s e g a g n e e l p u o c a r o l a u d i v i d n
i or .Psychologica l
e r a e s u b a r e n tr a p f o s n o it a n a l p x
e divided i nto two vaireites .The fris taccount si
s ’ n e m o w h ti w g n il a e d s i t n u o c c a t s ri f e h T . s t n u o c c a l a u d i v i d n i h ti w g n il a e d h t d n a , n o i s s e r p e d , r e d r o s i d y ti l a n o s r e p c it s i h c o s a m e r a s e l p m a x e e h T . r o i v a h e b e h T . s g u r d d n a l o h o c l a f o e s
u e second accoun ti smen’ sbehavior .I tdeals wtih
. l o h o c l a f o e s u e h t d n a , p i h s n o it a l e r r i e h t n i y p p a h n u g n il e e f , n o it o m e e v it a g e n g n o l t a h t d i a s s i t I . n o it a n a l p x e p i h s n o it a l e r s i t n u o c c a t s a l e h
T -term martia l
n o it c a f s it a s s i
d andbadcommunicaitonpatterncauseabusiver elaitonship .Thel as t
t a h t s r o t c a f l a c i g o l o i b e v if e r a e r e h T . n o it a n a l p x e l a c i g o l o i b s i e v it c e p s r e p e n o r e t s o t s e t e n o m r o h e h t , y r u j n i n i a r b e r a y e h T . e s u b a r e n tr a p o t e t u b ir t n o c ti v it c a e r l a c i g o l o i s y h p , s t n u o c c
a y ,evoluitonary factors ,and geneitc factors p( . p
3 5
5 – 559 .)
Famliyabusei sno tonlydonet oapatrne ro rawfie,i tcanalsobedonet o
. s r o t c a f e m o s f o e s u a c e b s n e p p a h e s u b a d li h C . d li h
c Wlison e tal. (1996 )state
. y tr e v o p s i r o t c a f t s ri f e h T . e s u b a d li h c h ti w d e t a i c o s s a s r o t c a f k s ir l a r e v e
s Chlid
s i n o m m o c t s o m e h t t u b , s l e v e l c i m o n o c e o i c o s l l a f o e l p o e p g n o m a s r u c c o e s u b a . r o o p e r a o h w e l p o e
p Thesecondf actori sageo fcaregiver . tIi ssaid t ha tasingle
a t n e r a
p nd young parent sunde r20 year sold t end t o do abuse t o t hei rchlidren .
s i r o t c a f h tr o f e h T . n e r d li h c r i e h t t r u h o t d n e t y e h t , m e l b o r p l a c i g o l o h c y s p
a g n i e b f o y r o t s i h r e v i g e r a
c bused a sach lid .Parent swho haveexpeirencebeing
. o s l a n e r d li h c r i e h t e s u b a y l e k il e r o m e r a d e s u b
a The iftfh i s unreailsitc
s ’ n e r d li h c r i e h t e t a m it s e r e v o o t d n e t s t n e r a p e v i s u b A . n e r d li h c f o n o it a t c e p x e
ti a w , s e v l e s m e h t f o e r a c g n i k a t s a h c u s , s e it il i b
a ing paitenlty ,and behaving
h T . y lr e p o r
p esixthf actor i schlid factors .Someitme sparent sdo no treailzehow
d l
o thei r chlidren are . Parent sabuse very young chlidren because they are
g n it a rt s u r
f (pp .561-563) .
C “ s e t a t s o s l a ) 6 9 9 1 ( l li g a
M hlid abuse i s associated wtih povetry ,
f o e c n e ir e p x e d e s a e r c n i e h t d n a , n o it a c u d e t n e i c if f u s n i , t n e m y o l p m e r e d n u
a e g a n a m n
u ble srtes sand socia lisolaiton” (p .344) . I tmean stha tthe factor s
, e c n a t s n i r o F . e s u b a d li h c o t d e t a l e r y l e s o l c e r a e v o b a d e n o it n e
m theconsumpiton
n e r d li h c e h t f o s t n e r a p e h t y b l o h o c l a d n a s g u r d f
o o rpeople around them can
e k a
m in chlid abuse .When alcoho lo rdrug saffec tthem ,they do no treailze
e r u s s e r p t e g s t n e r a p t a h t s i r o t c a f r e h t o n A . d a b r o d o o g e r a s d e e d r i e h t r e h t e h
w d
c e
b auset heycannotf ul ifllt herif amliy’ sneed seconomic .A scompensaiton,s ome
n a c d li h c r i e h t g n ir a c n i e c n e ir e p x e t l u c if fi d A . y lr e p o r p m i d li h c r i e h t t a e rt s t n e r a p
. e s u b a d li h c o d o t s t n e r a p t c e f f a o s l a
e s o o h c
I AThousandSplendidSunsbecauset hes torytell saboutt hel fieof a n e e w t e b s e l p m a x e r o f , e v o l h c u m o s d n u o f e b n a c t i , y li m a f e h t n I . y li m a f a
. y li m a f a f o s r e b m e m e h t g n o m a d n a , n e r d li h c e h t o t s t n e r a p , r e h t o m a d n a r e h t a f
s n u S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h T
A also descirbe sthe way sto expres show much the
l s r e b m e m s ’ y li m a
. s e v o l ri e h t w o h s o t s s e n i p p a h n w
o Theeffec t i sgood f ort hef amliy. I n ordert o
. d a b g n i h t e m o s w o n k o t d e d e e n s i ti , y li m a f a n i s s e n d o o g e h t w o h
s Thenove l
d e lt it n
e A Thousand Splendid Suns ha sporrtayed a picture o ffamliy abuse . d l o t s i ti y r o t s e h t n I . d e e h s a R f o r e t c a r a h c e h t h g u o r h t d e y a rt r o p s i e s u b a y li m a F
d n a s e v o l d e e h s a R e g a ir r a m s i h f o g n i n n i g e b e h t n I . m a ir a M s e ir r a m d e e h s a R t a h t
.l l e w y r e v m a ir a M e r a c s e k a
t Afte rsevera lmonths ,Mairam becomes pregnant .
s e s o l e h s s u h t d n a s e g a ir r a c s i m e h s , y l e t a n u tr o f n
U he r baby . Rasheed i s
o s d n a m a ir a M h ti w d e t n i o p p a s i
d everything t ha tMairamha sdonet o Rasheed i s
. g n o r w s y a w l
a A sthe itmegoes yb ,Rasheed become scruel .Hiscruetly i sshown
k il m a ir a M s t a e rt e H . e fi l y li a d e h t n
i ehi sservant .Even ,Rasheedput sstonesi nto
r e tf A . d a b s i g n i k o o c r e h f o e t s a t e h t e s u a c e b h t u o m s ’ m a ir a
M severa lyear s
h ti w s e ir r a m d e e h s a
R agilr ,namedLalia .Hemarire sLaliabecauseheknowst ha t
y li m a f o n s a h e h s d n a t n a n g e r p s i a li a
L .Rasheed t ake sadvantagest o saveLalia
. n o it a u ti s e h t e z il a g e l o t d n a
w e n s i h
T stiuaiton make sMairam become jealou sbecause Rasheed i s
H . m a ir a M o t ri a f n
u eask sMairamt odohousework .s Ont heothe rhand ,he rteat s
d e m a n l ri g y b a b a e v a h y e h t , a li a L h ti w e g a ir r a m s i h m o r F . s s e c n ir p a s a a li a L
, a z i z
A bu ti ti sno twha tRasheed expect .s o Actually Aziza i sno tRasheed’ s
r e t h g u a d e t a m it i g e
l becauseLaliaha sbeen pregnan tbeforeRasheed marire sher .
a li a L t a e rt o t s e ir t e H . a z i z A g n i h c u o t t o n y b t n e m t n i o p p a s i d s i h s w o h s d e e h s a R
a shi sservant t oo .Atfe rsevera lyears ,Lalia i spregnan tagain .Shegive sababy
p a h y r e v s i d e e h s a R . i a m l a Z d e m a n , n o
s pybecausehi sdreamcome s rtue .Heha s
. n o s
m o r f g n ir e f f u s e h T . a z i z A d n a a li a L , m a ir a M s e s u b a l li t s e h , i a m l a Z g n i v a h y p p a h
. n o i s s e r p p o e h t m o r f e e r f e b o t a li a L d n a m a ir a M s e ri p s n i e s u b a e h t
s n u S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h T
A i san interesitng novel. Reading the nove lA s
n u S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h
T wli lgive benefti sto the readers .In thi sstudy ,the . y li m a f a n i y ll a i c e p s e l e v o n e h t n i d e y a rt r o p s i e s u b a w o h n o s e s u c o f r e h c r a e s e r
n i e r o m d e n i a l p x e e b l li w d e e h s a R f o r e t c a r a h c e h t n i d e t c e lf e r s a e s u b a y li m a F
.s r e t p a h c g n i w o ll o f e h t
.
B Problem rFo mula iton
s i h t f o n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h
T studycanbes tatedasf ollows:
.
1 Howi sRasheeddescirbedi nt henovel?
.
2 Howi sRasheed’sf amliydescirbedi nt henovel?
.
3 Howdoe sRasheedabuset hemember so fhisf amliyi nt henovel?
.
C Objecitve so ft h S ue t yd
e h t n o d e s a
B formulatedproblem ,st herearet hreeobjecitve soft hi sstudy .
n i e c n a d i u g s a d e s u e b n a c t I . d e e h s a R f o r e t c a r a h c e h t l a e v e r o t s i e n o t s ri f e h T
R o h w g n i z i n g o c e
r asheedi s .Thesecond onei st o analyzehowRasheed’sf amliy
o t s i e n o d ri h t e h T . l e v o n e h t n i d e b ir c s e
d identfiy wha tkind o fabuses Rasheed
e n o
d t oMairam ,Lalia ,andAziza.
.
D Beneftis fo theStudy
s ti f e n e b e m o s e r a e r e h
T gained by conducitng the study .The frist i sfo r
f o l a y a rt r o
a t s i n a h g f A f
o n e , specially the porrtaya l o f rebelilon s in Afghanistan tha t
e h t ,s e d i s e B . e l p o e p n a h g f A f o e fi l e h t d n a e r e h t n o it a u ti s l a c it il o p e h t s e c n e u lf n i
l li w s r e d a e
r also gett hei mpo tranceo faf amliy .Thei mpo tranceo faf amilygive s
e h t f o n o it c e lf e r
a famliy and encourage sthe reader sto do the bes tfo rtheri
. y li m a f
s i ti f e n e b d n o c e s e h
T fo rthet eacher sofl tierature .Thi sstudycan beused
n e d u t s p l e h o t e c r u o s a s
a t sunderstand A Thousand Splendid Suns better .The s
i d ri h
t fo rEngilshDepatrmen tstudent .s I ti shopedt hatt heywli lbeencouraged
, s t c il f n o c e h T . y d u t s e r u t a r e ti l y o j n e o t w o h n r a e l n a c y e h t e s u a c e b s l e v o n d a e r o t
n i p p a h e h t , e l g g u rt s e h t ,s m e l b o r p e h
t es sshared i n t hestory wli lcolort heril fie
s e c n e ir e p x
e . The fo trh i s fo r the nex t researchers . They may explore the
.l e v o n e h t f o t c e p s a l a n o it a c u d e
.
E De ifniitono fTerms
r e d r o n
I to avoid misunderstanding , there are deifniitons o f term s
. d e d i v o r p
.
1 Abuse
n o s li
W e tal. (1996 )state t hat abuse is malrteatment ,injury ,or neglec t
e k a t h c i h
w manyf orm .sI tcanbephysica,lemo itonal ,ors exualinnature(p .544.)
f o y r o t s e h t n
I A Thousand Splendid Suns, the picture o ffamliy abuse i sseen. a
r a h c e h t h g u o r h t d e y a rt r o p s i e s u b a y li m a
F cte ro fRasheed .Rasheed abuse shi s
s i h s t c e l g e n o s l a e H . y ll a c i s y h p a li a L , e v i w r e g n u o y s i h d n a m a ir a M , e v i w r e d l o
.
2 Characters
e g r e b r h o
R randWoodsJ .r( 1971)s tate“Characteri sapersonwhoact sou t
f o d n i k e m o s , e c a l p d n a e m it r a l u c it r a p a n
i confilcti napatterno fevents”( p .
. ) 0
2 Int hestoryo fAThousandSplendidSuns,t hemaincharacteri sRasheed . d o t c i p o t g n it s e r e t n i n a s e m o c e b d e e e h s a R y b e n o d g n i h t y r e v
E iscus .s
s i ti , y li m a f s i h h g u o r h
T alsoknownwhoRasheedactuallyi s .
y li m a F . 3
F “ , s e t a t s ) 6 7 9 1 ( s a n u k i
P amliy i san endu irng socia lgroup based on
.) 0 6 . p ( ” p i h s n o it a l e r d n a e g a ir r a
m In Khaled Hossein’i sA Thousand Splendid s
n u
S ,Rasheed ilve swtihhisf amliy .Rasheed ha slos thisf ris twfieandson .A tfe r severa lyears ,he marire sMairam ,bu tthey have no chlid .Because o fcetrain
T . a li a L s e ir r a m e h s n o s a e
r hey haveadaughter ,Azizaand ason ,Zalmai .Living
w o w t h ti w r e h t e g o
t ivesi sdfiifcutl ,ast her esul tconfilct scanno tbeavoided .
n a t s i n a h g f A . 4
o t g n i d r o c c
A The World Book Encyclopedia (1960) ,Afghanistan i sa h
t u o s n i m o d g n i
k ernAsia .Kabuli st hecaptia landt hel arges tctiyi nAfghanistan .
a e r a e g r a l a s a h n a t s i n a h g f
A abou t250,000 square mlies .The ofifciall anguages
. y h c r a n o M l a n o it u ti t s n o C s i t n e m n r e v o g e h t f o m r o f e h T . u t h s u P d n a n a i s r e P e r a
. a i s s u R d n a n a r I , n a t s i k a P e r a y e h T . s e ir t n u o c e e r h t y b d e d n u o r r u s s i n a t s i n a h g f A
t s o m l
A peoplei n AfghanistanareMoslem .Abou t90o fevery 100Afghan smake
g n i s i a r r o e r u tl u c ir g a m o r f g n i v il r i e h
t ilvestock .Whea ti sthe leading crop .
f o s ti s o p e d s a h n a t s i n a h g f
e n o t s s u o i c e r p a , il u z a
l (pp . 84- )8 .9 Since the setitng place o f A Thousand s
n u S d i d n e l p
S i sAfghanistan ,tii sneededt oknowt henatureoft hecounrty .
.
5 AThousandSplendidSuns
s ’i n n i e s s o H f o e lt it e h
T nove lcome sfrom a ilne i n t he JosephineDavi s
” l u b a K “ m e o p e h t f o n o it a l s n a
rt byt he17th century Iranian poe tSaib Tab irzi .A s
n u S d i d n e l p S d n a s u o h
T desc irbe sthe ctiy o fKabul .In the novel ,A Thousand s
n u S d i d n e l p
S isr evealed asl ovet hati sseent hroughRasheed’sf amliy . tIi salso .
0 1
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E
R OFRELATEDLITERATURE
e v if f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h
T patrs .The fris tpar ti sreview o frelated
t r a p s i h T . s e ir o e h
t reveals thet heo ire susedt oanswert hequesitonsf ormulatedi n
. n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r
p The second par t is review o f sociocutlural-histo irca l
n a t s i n a h g f A f o d n u o r g k c a
b . I ti sprovided in orde rto suppor tthe analysis .The
s i tr a p d ri h
t Musilm Famliy Law .Thef o trhpatri sreviewofr elated studies .Thi s
. l e v o n e m a s e h t g n i s u d e t c u d n o c n e e b e v a h t a h t s e i d u t s e h t s n i a l p x e t r a
p Thel ast
e h t f o n o it u b ir t n o c e h t d e n i a l p x e s i ti , tr a p s i h t n I . k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t s i tr a p
. y d u t s s i h t n i y l p p a o t w o h d n a s e ir o e h t
s e i r o e h T d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R . A
, tr a p s i h t n
I thet heoryo fcharacte rand characteirzaiton, t heoryo fciritca l
p
a proach ,and t heoryo ffamliy, t heory o fpa trne rabuseandtheoryo fchlidabuse
e r
a reviewed.
.
1 CharacterandCharacteriza iton
a n I . y r o t s e h t d n a t s r e d n u d l u o h s s r e d a e r e h t ,l e v o n a g n i d a e r n
I story,t he
if s r e d a e
r nd t heelement so fanovel .Oneof t heelements i n a novel i scharacte r
d n
a characteirzaiton. According to Abram s(1981) ,a characte ri san imagined
n o s r e p f o e p y t e v it c n it s i d s w o h s t i d n a y r o t s a s ti b i h n i o h w n o s r e
p (p .20) .
s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o
R J.r( 1971 )statet ha tcharacteri sapersonwhoact souti na
d n i k e m o s , e c a l p d n a e m it r a l u c it r a
s d o o W d n
a .rJ also descirbe character sa s lfa to rround .Fla tcharacter sare one
-r e li h w , d e d i
s oundcharacter saremany-sided(p .20).
3 8 9 1 ( n a g il li
M ) classiife scharacter sinto majo rand mino ro rsecondary
e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c x e l p m o c d n a t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h c r o j a M . s r e t c a r a h c
f o y e k a m r o f r e p y e h t e s u a c e b n o it n e tt a t s e ll u f e h t e v r e s e d s r e t c a r a h c r o j a M . y r o t s
i h w n a e M . y r o t s e h
t le ,secondarycharacter so rmino rcharacter saret hecharacter s
s s e l e r a s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h T . y r o t s e h t n i n o it c n u f d e ti m il e r o m m r o f r e p t a h t
n i a tr e c a n i r a e p p a t s u j y e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t n a h t g n it s e r e t n i d n a x e l p m o c
t n a tr o p m i s s e l e v a h d n a g n it t e
s rolei nt hes tory .Theyj us tbecomet hebackground
m e h t f
o ajo rcharactersi n t hestory (p .155 .) Meanwhlie, Forste r(1974 )divide s
s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r d n a s r e t c a r a h c t a lf o t n i r e t c a r a h
c .A lfa tcharacteri sbu li taround
s e r p e r s i d n a y ti l a u q r o a e d i e l g n i s
a entedwtihouti ndividualtiyi deal .Whlier ound
e ri u q e r y a m y e h t , d e d i s y n a m d n a x e l p m o c s i r e t c a r a h
c anessayf orf ul lanalysis
p p
( . -46 5 1 .)
2 7 9 1 ( y h p r u M o t g n i d r o c c
A ) ,characteirzaiton si “thewayoft heauthort o
r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a s r e d a e r e h t o t y e v n o
c sand thepersonailite soft hepeople”( p .
. ) 1 6
1 Inothe rwords, characteirzaitoni st hewayi nwhicht heautho rdesc irbest he
s r e t c a r a h c e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t e l b a e r a s r e d a e r e h t t a h t o s , y r o t s e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c
. y r o t s e h t n i m r o f r e
p Murphy( 1972 )alsostatest hatt herearenineway so rmethod
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t e z y l a n a o
t (pp .161 – 173) .They are persona ldescirpiton ,
, s n o it c a e r , s r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o c , e fi l t s a p , h c e e p s , r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c
t e m t s ri f e h
T hodi spersona ldescirpiton . tIi samethodt hatt heautho rused
ll e t o
t theaccuratedescirpitonoft hecharacters .Theaccuratedescirpitoni nclude s
’ s r e t c a r a h c e h
t appearance such a sheight ,weight ,skin color ,hari ,sca ron hi s
.s e h t o l c o s l a d n a d li u b s i h , e c a
f Thedescirpitonwli lhelpt her eaderst ounderstand
. y ll a u s i v y r o t s e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t
d o h t e m a s i tI . r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c s i d o h t e m d n o c e s e h
T thatt he
e h t t a h t s n a e m t I . e g a m i d e t c e lf e r g n i s u s r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d o t d e s u r o h t u a
. n o i n i p o d n a s e y e ’ s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o y b d e b ir c s e d e r a s r e t c a r a h
c The othe r
a t a h w f o n o it a n a l p x e g n i v i g y b s n o i n i p o r i e h t e v i g y r o t s e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c
s k o o l r e t c a r a h
c ilke .In t hese detali ,s t hereader scan also uset hei rown poin to f
. r e t c a r a h c e h t e z y l a n a o t w e i v
. h c e e p s s i d o h t e m d ri h t e h
T tIi samethod i nwhich t heautho rwould ilke
s e v i g r e t c a r a h c n e h w d n a g n i y a s s ’ r e t c a r a h c h g u o r h t s r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d o t
i p
o nions .I tcan also be seen from dialogue s o r conversaiton s between the
t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o h c e e p s d n a s n o it a s r e v n o c l l A . s r e t c a r a h
c he story can be
s a d e r e d i s n o
c meanst odesc irbet hecharacte.r
o f e h
T u trh method i s pas tlfie . In thi s method , the autho r tell s the
e h t , s t n e m m o c e h t m o r F . s t n e m m o c h g u o r h t e fi l t s a p r o d n u o r g k c a b s ’ r e t c a r a h c
. d n i m s ’ r e t c a r a h c f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t w o n k s r e d a e
r Thecharacter’spas texpeirence
’ r e t c a r a h c r e h t o m o r f n e e s e b n a c t i d n a n o it a s r e v n o c m o r f t n r a e l e b n a
c s
r o h t u a e h T . d o h t e m n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c h tf if e h t s i s r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o C t a h w d n a s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o f o e u g o l a i d e h t g n i w o h s y b s r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p e h t s ll e t . n o s r e p t a h t n o g n i y a s s r e t c a r a h c r e h t
o Ther eader shavet o pay atteniton t hrough
, n o s r e p e h t t u o b a y a s y e h t s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o s n o it a s r e v n o c e h t y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ n o s r e p e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t e u l c a s e v i g s e m it e m o s r o h t u a n a e s u a c e b . m i h t u o b a n o i n i p o r i e h t d n a n o it a s r e v n o c ’ s r e h t o m o r
f Fromt hedialogueo fothe r
r a h c r e h t o t a h w d n a s r e t c a r a h
c acterss ayingont ha tperson,t her eadersgett heclue
. n e k o p s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o I .s n o it c a e r s i d o h t e m h t x i s e h
T ti susedt odescirbet hecharacter’sr eaciton
. n o it a u ti s r o t n e v e n i a tr e c g n i c a f n e h
w The autho rgive sthe reader sa clue to a
r o s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p e h t w o h g n i b ir c s e d y b r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p . y r o t s e h t n i s t n e v
e Ther eaders mayconcludewhatkindo fcharacte rheo rshei s
.s n o it c a e r r e h r o s i h n o d e s a b .t n e m m o c t c e ri d s i d o h t e m h t n e v e s e h
T tIi samethodi nwhich t heautho r
r o h t u a e h t , e r e H . y lt c e ri d s r e t c a r a h c e h t n o s t n e m m o c s e v i g d n a s e b ir c s e d . y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c e h t f o l a c i g o l o h c y s p r o l a c i s y h p e h t s e b ir c s e
d Ther eader smay
.s i e h s r o e h n o s r e p f o d n i k t a h w d n a t s r e d n u y li s a e t h g u o h
T si the eighth method .Here ,the autho rgive sthe reader sd riec t
t c e ri d a s e v i g r o h t u a e h t r e v e n e h W . t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p a t a h w f o e g d e l w o n k e h t e z y l a n a o t s r e d a e r e h t s w o ll a t i ,t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p a t a h w f o n o it p ir c s e d . n o s r e p e h t f o s s e c o r p l a t n e
m I tmeanst hatt heautho rcanmaket hecharacters tt ha
e h t t u o b a s r e d a e r e h t s w o h s r o h t u a e h T . m s ir e n n a m s i d o h t e m t s a l e h T
’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t h g u o r h t s r e t c a r a h
c behaviors ,habtis ,atttiudes ,and i diosyncrasie.s
n o s r e p e h t t u o b a n o it a m r o f n i e r o m d n if o t e l b a e b l li w s r e d a e r e h
T throught hehi s
r e h r
o behaviors ,habtis ,atttiudes ,andi diosyncrasie .sBy knowing t hecharacters ’
e d u l c n o c o t e l b a e r a s r e d a e r e h t , s e i s a r c n y s o i d i d n a , s e d u ti tt a , s ti b a h , s r o i v a h e b
p e h
t ersonaltiyoft hecharacte .r
h c a o r p p A l a c it i r C . 2
o t g n i d r o c c
A Rohrberge rand Woods (1971 ,) til erature ha san aestheitc
e u l a
v (p .10) .The aestheitc value b irng sthe aestheitc response in which the
t a r e ti l f o k r o w e h t o t t n e m g d u j e v it a u l a v e n a e v i g s r e d a e
r ure .In order t o havea
d e e n r e ti r w e h t ,t n e m g d u j e l b a n o s a e
r s toemployamean swhichi scalledaciritca l
h c a o r p p
a .Rohrberge rand Wood sJ .r(1971)statethatt hereare ifveapproachest o
6 . p p ( l e v o n e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t s n a e m e h t e d i v o r
p – 15) .They are the formails t
l a r u tl u c o i c o s e h t , h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i b e h t , h c a o r p p
a -histo irca lapproach ,the
. h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t d n a , h c a o r p p a c i e o p o h t y m
s i h T . h c a o r p p a t s il a m r o f e h t s i h c a o r p p a t s ri f e h
T i san approach which
s e s u c o
f on the ltierary work tisefl .Thi sapproach concenrtate son the work
d n a , y g o l o i c o s , y g o l o h c y s p : s a h c u s , e c n e r e f e r r e h t o o t n o it n e tt a g n i y a p t u o h ti w
y r a r e ti l e h t s t n e m e l e e h t o t y l n o s e z i c it ir c h c a o r p p a t s il a m r o f e h T . n o it a z il i v i c
h e h t g n it a rt s n o m e d e h t n o o s l a e r a s e s u c o f e h T . s k r o
w armoniousi nvolvemen to f
e r u t c u rt s m o r f d e v ir e d s i g n i n a e m w o h t u o g n it n i o p n o d n a e l o h w e h t o t s tr a p l l a
. h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i b e h t d e ll a c s i h c a o r p p a d n o c e s e h
T In the
s s r e d a e r e h t , h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i
b hould appreciate t hei dea sand personaltiy o f
d e e n s r e d a e r e h t , e r o f e r e h T . s k r o w f o s n o i s i v o r p l a c i h p a r g o i b e h t d n a r o h t u a e h t
d n a t s r e d n u o t r e d r o n i r o h t u a e h t f o e fi l d n a , y ti l a n o s r e p , a e d i s ’ r o h t u a e h t w o n k o t
g n it ir w s ’ r o h t u a e h
t . Thi sapproach i sseeking t he i deas ,personaltiy ,and l fie o f
.r o h t u a e h t
o s s i h c a o r p p a t x e n e h
T ciocutlural-histo irca lapproach .I ti san approach
t a h
t focuse son the civiilzaiton and ti seffec tto the society and cutlure .Thi s
o r p p
a ach insist s people to have full understanding abou t the society . Thi s
. e m it f o d o ir e p n i a tr e c n i t c a e l p o e p n i a tr e c w o h t u o b a s ll e t o s l a h c a o r p p
a tIl ead s
e h t o t e c n e r e f e r n i s i k r o w l a e r e h t e t a c o l o t y a w y l n o e h t t a h t n o i s u l c n o c e h t o t
. ti s e c u d o r p t a h t n o it a z il i v i c
u o f e h t s i h c a o r p p a c i e o p o h t y
M trh approach suggestedbyRohrberge rand
s i h T . s d o o
W approach use smyth t o analyzet hel tierarywork and oh w myth can
s e ir t h c a o r p p a c i e o p o h t y m e h T . d n i m n a m u h e c n e u lf n
i to discover cetrain
y ll a s r e v i n
u recurren t pattern s o f human thought . The universally recurren t
t s ri f d n u o f t a h t e s o h t e r a s n r e tt a
p expressioni nancien tmyth .s
s e s u t a h t h c a o r p p a n a s i t I . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p s i h c a o r p p a t s a l e h T
r o i v a h e b d n a y ti l a n o s r e p , n o it a v it o m n a m u h n i a l p x e o t s e ir o e h t l a c i g o l o h c y s p
t c e j b o y r a r e ti l n i n e tt ir
w . I tstudie sconsistency and change i n people’ sbehavio r
e h t f o e n o o s l a s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e P . e l p o e p h s i u g n it s i d t a h t s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t d n a
. 3 Famliy
6 7 9 1 ( s a n u k i P o t g n i d r o c c
A ,)f amliy i sanendu irngsocia lgroupbasedon
s i n e r d li h c h ti w y li m a f e h t , p u o r g y r a m ir p a s A . p i h s n o it a l e r d o o l b d n a e g a ir r a m
i h s n i k y b r e h t e g o t d n u o
b p and i n itmate relaiton . tI i s marked by care ,affeciton ,
ir a v n i g n ir a h s l a u t u m s a l l e w s a , tr o p p u s d n
a ou sacitviite sand concerns .The
, p i h s n o i n a p m o c d n a , tr o p p u s , n o it c e f f a g n i d i v o r p e r a y li m a f f o s n o it c n u f g n i d a e l
, n o i g il e r , e r u tl u c g n it ti m s n a rt d n a g n i h c a e t , n e r d li h c g n i s i a r d n a g n ir a e b
l a r o m d n a , s c i m o n o c
e to the young , developing personailites , dividing and
d i s t u o y li m a f h ti w r o b a l g n i g r a h c s i
d e .In othe rwords ,a famliy give sproteciton
, d e f e b o t d e e n y e h t , s t n a f n i n a m u h s A . s t n a f n i n a m u h f o g n i n i a rt y lr a e d n a
a c e b d e s s e r d d n a , d e h s a
w uset hey canno tmovefa rby themselves .As t hey grow
s u m y e h t ,r e d l
o tbe rtained to be responsiblemembers fo the society .Famliy i s
a o s l
a chie fvehiclef o rensu irngas moothorr oughs tatri nl fies incef amliymake s
. y t e i c o s y r e v e r o f s i s a b e h t p
u Thefamliy set sup adivision o flabor in order t o
g n i h t e m o s e t u b ir t n o
c (pp .60– )7 . 3
i s o p m o c y li m a f f o s d n i k y n a m e r a e r e h
T itons . According to Hu lrock
4 7 9 1
( ,) t hereare nuclea rfamliy and extended famliy (p .365) . nA uclea rfamliy
f o s t s i s n o
c two parent sand thei rchlidren .An extended famliy consist so fa
s u l p y li m a f r a e l c u
n relaitve swho ilvei nt hes ameplace.
e m o
S sociologists emphasize the deifniiton o f famliy based on how
e h t y b d e t c e f f a e r a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c l a n o s r e p d n a s e it i v it c a ’ s l a u d i v i d n i
s e c n a t s m u c ri
c o f ilving in interaciton wtih othe rpeople .Cheal (2002 )state s
y li m a f r a e l c u
e m o h t
a .Chealalsostate sanextendedf amliyha swide rboundairest hananuclea r
e d u l c n i y e h t , y li m a
f morepeople ,andr elaitonship swtih kinaffectedvtia laspect s
g n i v il y li a d f
o (pp .4– )5 .Thef ormo fextendedf amliycanbef ound i n Palesitne
M e r a e l p o e p e h t f o t s o m e s u a c e
b oslem .According t o Moslem rtadiiton ,a man
y r r a m n a
c upt of ou rwive .s
2 0 0 2 ( l a e h
C ) also deifne sfamliy based on the powe r in the famliy ,
e h T . n e r d li h c d n a n e m o w d e ll o rt n o c e l a m t s e d l o e h t e r e h w y li m a f a s i , y h c r a ir t a p
f o d a e h e h t s a r e w o p g n i k a m n o i s i c e d e h t s e k a t o s l a e l a m t s e d l
o hamula (p .10) .
l li t s d n a t s a E e l d d i M e h t n i s t s i x e y lt s o m y h c r a ir t a
P in lfuences famliyl fiet oday.
4 .Abuses i nFamliy
n o s li
W e tal. (1996) state tha tabuse i smalrteatment ,injury ,o rneglec t
. ) 4 4 5 . p ( e r u t a n n i l a u x e s r o , l a n o it o m e , l a c i s y h p e b n a c t I .s m r o f y n a m e k a t h c i h w
e n o d e b n a c t I . y li m a f a n i n e p p a h y a m e s u b
A to a patrne ro rwfie and to the
e s u b a d li h c d n a e s u b a r e n tr a p y h w s n o s a e r e h t w o n k o t d e d e e n o s l a s i tI . n e r d li h c
. y li m a f a n i s n e p p a h
e s u b A r e n t r a P . a
n o s li W o t g n i d r o c c
A e tal. (1996) ,pa trne rabuse refer sto any ac to f
t n o i s s e r g g a l a c i s y h
p hat r esu tlsi n physicali njury and occur smoret han once pe r
d n a r e n tr a p a t s n i a g a n o i s s e r g g a l a c i s y h p f o s t c a o w t s e d u l c n i e s u b a r e n tr a P . r a e y
r e n tr a p a t s n i a g a n o i s s e r g g a l a c i s y h p f o s t c a d e t a l o s
i thatl ead hert o expeirence
. n o it a d i m it n i d n a r a e
f Act so fphysica laggressioni nvolvet hreat sandi nitmidaiton
t o t r a e f s e s u a c t i d n a o
e c n e ir e p x e n e m o w e m o S . g n i k c i k d n a g n i v o h s , g n i p p a l s , g n i h s u p e d u l c n i s t c a e h T
f o m r o f e h t n i s e k a t t a h t n o i s s e r g g a e r e v e s e r o
m beaitng so ruseo faknfieo rgun .
e s u b a l a c i s y h p s a d e n if e d s i n o i s s e r g g a l a c i s y h p h c u
S (p .545).
)
1 Kind so fPartnerAbuse
)
a Physica lAbuse
n o s li
W e . tal (1996 )statetha tphysica labusei sacto fphysica laggression
a e l n e tf o , r e h t o n a t s n i a g a l a u d i v i d n i e n o y
b ding to fea ro rinjury .Those act s
g n it a e b d n a , g n it i b , g n i k c i k , g n it ti h , g n i p p a l s e d u l c n
i (p .544).
)
b Sexua labuse
2 0 0 2 ( l a e h C o t g n i d r o c c
A ) ,sexua labusei si napprop iratebod liycontac to f
l l e w s a , e s r u o c r e t n i l a n a d n a l a r o , n o it a l u m it s l a ti n e g , g n il d n o f g n i d u l c n i ,s d n i k l l a
e s u b a l a u x e S . e s r u o c r e t n i l a n i g a v s
a also include sinapprop irate behavio ro fa
y h p e v l o v n i t o n s e o d t a h t e r u t a n l a u x e
s sica lcontac tsuch a sexhibiitonism and
s k r a m e r r o s e r u t s e g e v it s e g g u
s (p .161).
)
2 Cause so fPartnerAbuse
n o s li
W e . tal (1996 )statethreeperspecitve sont hecause so fpatrne rabuse
3 5 5 . p p
( – 559). They are feminis taccounts ,psychologica lexplanaiton, and
s t n u o c c A t s i n i m e F ) a
e s u n e m e s u a c e b s n e p p a h e s u b a r e n tr a p t a h t s n i a l p x e e v it c e p s r e p s i h T
r e w o p r i e h
t togainconrto love rwomen.I tbecome sworsebecauset hi spracitce si
. y li m a f d n a e g a ir r a m s a h c u s y t e i c o s f o s n o it u ti t s n i e h t y b d e tr o p p u
s Thi spracitce
, m e t s y s l a i c o s s i h t n I . y h c r a ir t a p s i h c i h w m e t s y s l a i c o s e h t y b d e tr o p p u s o s l a s i
n o it i s o p t n a n i m o d a e v a h s e l a
m relaitve to females .Besides ,men tend to use
n o i c r e o
c suchast hrea tandf orce .
n o it a n a l p x E l a c i g o l o h c y s P ) b
n i s e g a g n e e l p u o c a r o l a u d i v i d n i n a y h w s n i a l p x e e v it c e p s r e p d n o c e s s i h T
e r a e s u b a r e n tr a p f o s n o it a n a l p x e l a c i g o l o h c y s P . r o i v a h e b e v i s s e r g g a y ll a c i s y h p
y t e ir a v t s ri f e h T . s e it e ir a v o w t o t n i d e d i v i
d i sdeailng wtih individua laccounts .
e r a s e l p m a x e e h T . r o i v a h e b s ’ n e m o w h ti w g n il a e d s i t n u o c c a t s ri f e h T
e h t d n a , n o i s s e r p e d , r e d r o s i d y ti l a n o s r e p c it s i h c o s a
m use o falcoho land drugs .
T eh secondaccounti smen’ sbehavio .rI ti sdeailngwtihnegaitveemoiton,f eeilng
s i t n u o c c a t s a l e h T . l o h o c l a f o e s u e h t d n a , p i h s n o it a l e r r i e h t n i y p p a h n u
g n o l t a h t d i a s s i tI . n o it a n a l p x e p i h s n o it a l e
r -term martia ldissaitsfaciton and bad
. p i h s n o it a l e r e v i s u b a e s u a c n r e tt a p n o it a c i n u m m o c
n o it a n a l p x E l a c i g o l o i B ) c
a e r e h
T re ifvebiologicalf actorst ha tcontirbutet o pa trnerabuse .Thef ris t
s i r o t c a
f braini njury.I njured men haveoutburst sofr age , rirtiablitiy ,andr educed
o c e s l u p m
i nrtol .Ast her esutlt heymore ilkelyi njuret hei rpatrnerst hant hosewho
e h T . t o n e v a
r e h g i h s e m it 0 1 e r a e l a m f o s l e v e l e n o r e t s o t s e t t a h t n w o n k s i t i , s e s y l a n a d o o l b
s e l a m e f n a h
t . The hormone testosterone account s are impo tran t for male
t f o g n i n e p e e d s a h c u s , s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c hevoiceandgrowtho fbodyhari .Whent he
n o r e t s o t s e t f o e c r u o
s ei sr emoved ,theaggressivebehavio rmigh tber educed .The
t a h t d n u o f s i t i , y d u t s e h t n o d e s a B . y ti v it c a e r l a c i g o l o i s y h p s i r o t c a f d ri h t
e v i s u b a y ll a c i s y h
p men have decilned heatr rate swhlie they were in heated
s s u c s i
d ion swtiht hei rpatrner sabou tmartia lproblems sot heyareprobablybeing
n o p s e r n
u sive to rteatmen t and thei r physiologica l respons e i s simliar to
s h t a p o h c y s
p .Thef ou trhf actori sevoluitonary .From t heevoluitonaryanalysi ,s ti
y s u o l a e j t a h t d e d u l c n o c s
i ist hebigges tmoitve i n spousa lhomicide . tI i sfound
g n it c e t o r p n i d e t s e r e t n i e r a s e l a m t a h
t thei rowngenepoolf rombeingmixedwtih
r o i v a h e b t n e l o i v t a h t d n u o f s e i d u t s e h T . c it e n e g s i r o t c a f h tf if e h T . s r e h t o f o e s o h t
s
i in lfuenced by geneitc factor satlhough the role o fgene sin the aggressive
i s n a m u h f o r o i v a h e
b ss mallert hant heenvrionmen.t
b .ChlidAbuse
n o s li W o t g n i d r o c c
A e t al. (1996), chlid abuse i s considered a sthe
,l a u x e s , l a c i s y h
p da n emoitona labuse o rneglec tagains ta chlid tha tcause s
o t e g a m a d l a n o it o m e d n a , l a u x e s ,l a c i s y h
p thechlid(p .551) .
)
1 Kind so fCh lidAbuse
i
Wlsone . tal (1996 )statetherearet hreetype so fabuse ,whichareconsidered
e s u b a d li h c s
)
a Neglect
e h t o t n o it n e tt a f o k c a l d n a n o i s i v r e p u s e t a u q e d a n i n a “ s n a e m t c e l g e N
l a n o it o m e d n a l a c i s y h
p need soft hechlid” . tIi nclude sphysical ,educaitonal ,and
l a c i g o l o h c y s
p neglect .Physica lneglec tinclude sno tproviding sufifcien tfood ,
g n i d i v o r p n i e r u li a f s e d u l c n i t c e l g e n l a n o it a c u d E . e r a c l a c i d e m d n a , g n i h t o l c
n il o o h c s e t a ir p o r p p
a g and educaitona lneeds .Lack o fanyemoitona lsuppor tand
r o s g u r d d n a , y a d h tr i b s ’ d li h c e h t g n i d n e tt a t o n , e v o
l alcoho l use can be
.t c e l g e n l a c i g o l o h c y s p s a d e z ir o g e t a c
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