AN ANALYSIS OF THE FIVE LANGUAGE STYLES FOUND IN SAM’S UTTERANCES IN THE “I AM SAM” MOVIE
A THESIS BY
ELVI RAHMI
REG.NO: 110705042
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
ii Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination
Head,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS NIP. 195411171980031002
Secretary,
iii Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday July 11, 2015.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP. 19511013 1976031001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H . Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A. Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP.
iv AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ELVI RAHMI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : ELVI RAHMI
TITLE OF THESIS:AN ANALYSIS OF THE FIVE LANGUAGE STYLES FOUND IN SAM’S UTTERANCES IN THE “I AM SAM” MOVIE
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’Alamin, Thank to Allah SWT. God Almighty, the blessing and guidance so that the writer finally can finish this thesis. The writer realized that this thesis owes its existence to the help, support and inspiration of several people. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA and my co-supevisor Dr. Umar Mono, M.Hum for their guidance during this research.
My deepest gratitude goes to my family; my beloved father Abdul Samad Hasan and my beloved mother Radiah, my sister Rafika and my lovely cousins Khairunnisa Jafar and Zulkarnaen Jafar for their endless love and unconditional support throughout my life.
I give my very special thanks to my friends Bg Johansyah Nasution, Beby Febri Kurnia, Camelia Rosa Sitompul, Florence Yul y, Altena Tarigan ‘Menwa’, Yudha Syahputra, Evi Nora Damanik, for all of the best supports and motivations. I also thank to Raja Guntar Simamora, Rinnah Wiyono, Aida Caroline Aprilla, Anggie, Greacia Febrianis, Multahada Ramadhani, and Irma Annisa, for the laughters and inspirations you all give to me. And I also thank to Debby Andrika, Eka Febri Dayani, Bg Siddiq, Bg Reza who really give effort to find out Martin Joos’ book. And also for all of my friends in University of North Sumatera, thank you.
vii ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of the Five Language Styles Found in the “I
Am Sam” Movie. Skripsi ini membahas tentang ragam bahasa yang terjadi di
ujaran-ujaran Sam di dalam percakapannya sebagai karakter utama di dalam film ini dengan menggunakan teori Martin Joos (1967) tentang lima ragam bahasa, yaitu ragam beku, ragam formal, ragam usaha, ragam santai, dan ragam akrab. Teori ini menjelaskan bahwa ragam bahasa yang digunakan oleh pembicara dapat diidentifikasikan dari bentuk bahasanya, apakah itu formal atau santai dan umum atau rahasia. Ia juga dapat diidentifikasikan dari pembicara di dalam percakapan, apakah itu keluarga, teman, atau seseorang yang tidak kita kenal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif karena data dari penelitian ini adalah dalam bentuk kata-kata bukan angka dan menggunakan naskah dari ujaran-ujaran Sam untuk dianalisis. Setelah menganalisa data, penulis menemukan bahwa hanya ada tiga jenis ragam yang yang terdapat di dalam ujaran-ujaran Sam di dalam percakapannya. Ragam yang terjadi paling dominan adalah ragam santai (50%), diikuti oleh ragam formal (44%), dan ragam akrab (4%). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Sam tidak menggunakan ragam beku karena keterbatasan kosa katanya dan juga ketidakmampuannya untuk berbicara ragam tersebut dan ia juga tidak menggunakan ragam usaha karena tidak adanya percakapan konsultatif di dalam film tersebut.
viii ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled An Analysis of the Five Language Styles Found in the “I
Am Sam” Movie. This thesis discusses about the language styles occured in Sam’s
utterances in his conversations as a leading characterin the movie by using Martin Joos’ theory (1967) about five language styles i.e. frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate styles. This theory explains that the style used by the figure can be identified by the form of the language, whether it is formal or casual and public or private. It also can be identified by the figures in the conversation whether it is our family, close friend, or someone we don’t know. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis since the data of this study are in the form of words rather than numbers and uses the transcription of the Sam’s utterances to be analyzed. After analyzing the data, the writer found that there are only three styles occured in Sam’s utterances in his conversations. The type occurs dominantly in this study is casual style (50%), next followed by formal style (44%) and intimate style (6%). The findings showed that Sam did not use frozen style due to the limitation of his vocabularies and also the disability to speak that style and he also did not use consultative style since there is no consultative conversation in this movie.
ix TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vi
ABSTRAK ... vii
ABSTRACT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ... ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... ..1
1.1. Background of the Study ... 1
1.2. Problems of the Study... 4
1.3. Objectives of the Study... 4
1.4. Scope of the Study ... 5
1.5. Significance of the Study ... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6
2.1. Sociolinguistics ... 6
2.2. Style of Language ... 8
2.2.1. Description of Five Language Styles ... 10
x
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH ... 19
3.1. Method of Study ... 19
3.2. Data and Data Source ... 19
3.3. Method of Collecting Data ... 20
3.4 Data Analysis ... 20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ... 22
4.1 Classified Based on the Place ... 22
4.2 Frequency of use ... 72
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 74
5.1 Conclusions ... 74
5.2 Suggestions ... 75
