AN
ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE STYLES FOUND IN THE
“ KING’S SPEECH ” MOVIE
A THESIS
BY:
NATALIA CITRA M. G
REG. NO. 100705037
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURES STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE STYLES FOUND IN THE “ KING’S SPEECH ” MOVIE
A THESIS
BY:
NATALIA CITRA M. G REG. NO. 100705037
SUPERVISOR CO- SUPERVISOR
Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M.Ed. TESOL
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Deaprtment of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on 23 July 2014
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ………..
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M. A., Ph. D ………..
Dr. Drs Matius C.A. Sembiring M.A ... Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, M.A ...
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I NATALIA CITRA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE
OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I
HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER
PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed:
Date: July, 2014
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : NATALIA CITRA M. G
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE STYLES
FOUND IN THE KING’S SPEECH MOVIE
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : July, 2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to say my special praise and gratitude to my
Almighty God, Jesus Christ who really loves and keeps me. His Perfect Blessing and
Kindness are never be end in my life, so, I realize that without Him, of course I can
not finish this thesis completely. Thank You Jesus.
I would like to grateful to my Supervisor Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL
and my co- supervisor Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M. Ed. TESOL for their time, advice,
suggestion, comment and support that has given to me during the process of writing
and completing this thesis. Without their help, I am sure this thesis could never have
been completed. I also would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Science
USU, DR. Drs. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the head of English Department, DR. H.
Muhijar Muchtar, MS and the secretary Rahnadsyah Rangkuti, MA.Ph.D and all
academics and administrative staff for their helps during the period of my study in
the Faculty.
My best gratitude and deepest appreciation to my dearest Parents, B.M
Ginting and S. Purba, thanks for your true love, your pray and your support to me. I
do love both of you. You are my great motivator in writing this thesis, so, I dedicate
this thesis as a present to you. Next, my special thanks to my dear Brother Kelvin
Febriandi Ginting and my beloved sister Febriensi Vonbora Ginting, SE, thanks for
your support, your pray and your precious advice all the time. I love you so much.
May God bless you all. A special gratitude to Viargo Charly Tambunan, Spd, who
had come to my life. Thanks for your love, unconditionally support and advice that
you have given to me. You are also one of my motivator in completing this thesis. I
could make me laugh and smile when I got stress in writing this thesis. Especially to
sari who also give a big contribute in writing this thesis.
At last, I would like to say thank you to all of my classmate friends that I
can’t mention your names one by one. Thanks for the all advices and some important
informations that you have given to me in order to complete this thesis. Nice to have
friends like you guys. Hope, we could be a great person in the future. Also, I realize
that this thesis is not too perfect, so I glad to receive suggestion and criticism to make
this thesis better. I also should apologize to all people that I have made mistakes
during the study. May God Bless us.
Medan, July 2014
The Writer
Natalia Citra M. G
ABSTRACT
In the thesis entitled AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE STYLES FOUND IN THE “KING’S SPEECH MOVIE, the writer analyzes five language language styles that classified based on Martin Joos theory (1967), they are Frozen Style, Formal Style, Consultative Style, Casual Style and Intimate Style. This language styles can be identified by the situation of the speaker is speak, whether it is formal or casual, public or private, who will be the listener when we speak, whether it is our friends, our parents or even the person that we never know before. The things that will be focus in this thesis are what styles are occured in every interaction or conversation that Bertie (King George VI) is done as a leading character in this movie, and then classifying it into five language styles and finding what styles is dominantly occured. The writer uses Qualitative Description as the method in this analysis. And after, the research has been done, the writer found that all syles is occured in the Bertie’s conversation and type of the style occurs dominantly in the movie is Consultative style (34%), next followed by casual style (31%), formal and intimate style (16%), and frozen style (3%).
ABSTRAK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS... xi
CHAPTER I : CHAPTER II: CHAPTER III: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Problem of the Study ... 4
1.3 Objective of the Analysis ... 4
1.4 Scope of the Study ... 4
1.5 Significance of the Study ... 4
1.6 Method of the Study ... 5
1.7 Review of Literature ... 5
REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Language ... 7
2.2 Definition of Society ... 9
2.3 The Relation of Language and Society ... 10
2.4 Styles of Languages ... 11
2.5 Relevant Studies ... 15
METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 16
CHAPTER IV:
CHAPTER V:
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
3.3 Data Collecting ... 17
3.4 Data Analysis ... 17
FINDING ANALYSIS 4.1 Classified Based on the Types 4.1.1 Frozen Style ... 19
4.1.2 Formal Style ... 20
4.1.3 Consultative Style ... 26
4.1.4 Casual Style ... 43
4.1.5 Intimate Style ... 52
4.2 Frequency ... 57
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 58
ABSTRACT
In the thesis entitled AN ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE STYLES FOUND IN THE “KING’S SPEECH MOVIE, the writer analyzes five language language styles that classified based on Martin Joos theory (1967), they are Frozen Style, Formal Style, Consultative Style, Casual Style and Intimate Style. This language styles can be identified by the situation of the speaker is speak, whether it is formal or casual, public or private, who will be the listener when we speak, whether it is our friends, our parents or even the person that we never know before. The things that will be focus in this thesis are what styles are occured in every interaction or conversation that Bertie (King George VI) is done as a leading character in this movie, and then classifying it into five language styles and finding what styles is dominantly occured. The writer uses Qualitative Description as the method in this analysis. And after, the research has been done, the writer found that all syles is occured in the Bertie’s conversation and type of the style occurs dominantly in the movie is Consultative style (34%), next followed by casual style (31%), formal and intimate style (16%), and frozen style (3%).
ABSTRAK
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the StudyLanguage has played a very crucial role in human being’s life. Life would be
nothing without language. Language is one thing that differentiate human from
other creatures. As human being, absolutely we need language to communicate
with the others in an interaction. By using language, we can express our ideas,
feelings, intentions and desires. In addition, the uses of language can show who
we are. It means that we establish our identity through our use of language.
Language is purely human and non instinctive method of communication ideas, it
means that language does not come by feeling.
Language can not be separated with society. Without society there can be no
languages, vice versa without language there can be no society. Study about
language and society is called sociolinguistic. sociolinguistic is concerned with
investigating the relationships between language and society with the goal being
a better understanding of the structure of language and how language function in
communication”. The equivalent goal in the sociology of language is trying to
discover how social structure can be better understood through the study of
language.
In using language, it is not enough just to know every words that has been
uttered. It is not enough to know the meaning of sentence. We also have to care
to how the context of situation, such as it is public or private, formal or informal,
talking. For example, a secretary that talks to her manager, she normally uses the
formal language like using “sir” word, because her manager is her leader in the
company where she works, so there is “AProfession Discrepancy” between
secretary and manager. Another example is when we talk with our friends, of
course, we do not use the formal language, because the situation is relax and
normal situation and there is no discrepancy. Example:
A: Since when you arrived in Medan?
B: Since two days ago.
An illustration of formal style found in the King’s Speech movie is the
dialogue between Bertie and Mr Baldwin
Baldwin: It’s not just because she’s anAmerican sir. It’s
that she is soon to be a twice divorced
American, andthe King can not marry a
divorcedwoman.
Bertie: Prime Minister, you’d leave thecountry without
a government?
These data are classified into formal style. Because Between Bertie and
Baldwin are talking about serious problem and it is in the Baldwin’s study
Room, so it is so private, because the conversation only between Baldwin and
Bertie. Bere, Bertie as a King also respects to Baldwin as the prime minister.
The dialogue also use the standard language.
In sociolinguistics these things iscalled as register or style. Register is one of
systematically vary according to the situation in which it is used. So, in other
word, in communication, it concerns with relation between language and context
in which is used.
The King’s Speech movie is a movie based on a true story of King George
VI.It is directed by Tom Hooper and Colla Firth as the actor. The movie talks
about the King George VI who is stutters. He has a problem about these stutters,
because as a King, at one time, he has to deliver a speech in front of people. So,
to eliminate his stutters, Queen Elizabeth, his wife calls a therapist named Lionel
logue. By doing a therapy, finally he could speech well. This movie teach us to
keep struggling in live, never give up in any situation and of corse abot
unconditionally love of a wife to her husband. This film received many awards
and nominations, such as getting awards for four categories: Best Picture, Best
Director, Best Actor, and Best Screenplay. So, it is the prove that the movie is a
good movie I think.
In this thesis the writer tries to analyze the Language Styles found in The
King’s Speech movie especially in the Bertie’s (King George VI) conversation as
a leading character. I want to make a deep understanding to the readers about five
language styles, so they can utilize these styles in their daily life. It is why, I
choose this topic to be analyzed, Five language styles itself are frozen (oratorical
style), formal (deliberative style), consultative style, casual style, and intimate style.
As we have known that the styles of language are also the part of language variation
1.2 Problem of the Study
In this analysis, there are some questions that need to be answered. These
questions are the problems that need some solutions, they are:
a. What styles are used in Bertie’s conversations as a leading character?
b. Which type of the styles is dominantly occurs in Bertie’s conversations?
1.3Objective of The Analysis
In relations to the problems, the objectives of this analysis are:
a. To find out what styles are used in Bertie’s conversations as a leading
character?
b. To find out which type of the styles occurs dominantly in Bertie’s
Conversation
1.4Scope of the Study
In most of researches, it is important to limit the analysis on specific data that
has been chosen and it is also important to avoid over complicating the issues and
analysis. This would help the writer to get the best result of it.
The object of the analysis is text in the King’s Speech Movie. But the text
that will be chosen is only the interactions or the conversations of Bertie is done
as a Leading Character in this movie. So, the focus of the analysis is five
language styles based on Martin Joos theory that found in all of Bertie’s
interactions in the movie.
1.5Significance of the Study
In this thesis I also expect that some significances could be useful for
thereaders, as follows :
a. To enrich the knowledge about the five language styles, so, the viewers can
b. To give the more comprehensive understanding in utilizing the five language
styles in daily life.
c. This analysis can be advantageous to the readers, especially to the students of
English Department who are interested in Sociolinguistics and its aspect.
1.6Method of the Study
In writing this thesisthe writer uses Qualitative Description.Qualitative
description is a method to investigate an object that can not be measured by
numbers or other measuring that is unmeasureable. I also readsome books, and
other literatures which relevant to the object of research in order to get
informations about language styles. Furthermore, in this thesis the writer applies
the steps of analysis. Firstly,watching the movie for several times. Secondly,
identifying the script which have Bertie’s conversations and then transcribing its
conversational dialogue. Thirdly, classifying the data based on five language
styles. Fourth, analysing and discussing the significances of the data. Finally, I
draw some conclusions and suggestions. In discovering which style that
dominantly used in the movie, the writer uses a formula to count the most
dominating style.
1.7Review of Literature
In order to get the data and information to analyze this thesis, the writer
usessome books as sources. They are:
1. Thomas in his book, Language, Society and Power (2000: 59) provides a
theoretical account of the reasons why speakers change the way they talk
or their style of speech depending on the situation and context they are
2. Wardhaugh (2010: 48) says that your dialect shows who (or what) you
are, whilst your register shows what you are doing.From this statement, it
is clear that register is the way we speakto others and related to the
society or location where we speak, whether it is formal, informal, public,
private, and, etc.
3. Hudson (1996: 40) distinguishes three general types of dimension: field,
mode, and tenor. Field is concerned with the purpose and subject matter
of the communication (why); Mode refers to the means by which
communication takesplacenotably, by speech or writing ( how); and
Tenor depends on the relations between participant ( to whom).
4. Martin Joos (1976) recognized five different levels of formality and
occasion where each implying different forms of speech to fit separate
functions, that is : ( 1) frozen (oratorical style), ( 2) formal (deliberative
style), ( 3) consultative style, ( 4) casual style, and ( 5) intimate style.
Therefore, based on the theoretical review above, I finally conclude to apply
the theory of Martin Joos (1976)that is the five language styles ( Frozen style, formal
style, consultative style, casual style and intimate style)as shown in part 4 (four)
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Language
In our daily life, language has a big role. Every human being, society, or
nation in this world has their own languages. In the other words, we may say that no
human being and no society live without language. We need language to
communicate with others in daily life and the language itself is a medium for people
to make a communication. Not only to communicate to each other, but also, we are
able to share or exchange our knowledge, beliefs, opinions, wishes, threats,
commands, thanks, promises, declarations, feelings, etc by using a language.
Most or all non-human species can exchange information, but none of them
are known to have a system of communication with a complexity that in any way is
comparable to language. Primarily, they communicate with non-linguistic means
resembling our smiling, laughing, yelling, clenching of fists, and raising of
eyebrows. Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutangs can exchange different kinds of
information by emitting different kinds of shrieks, composing their faces in
numerous ways, and moving their hands or arms in different gestures, but they do not
have words and sentences.
Practically, language can be divided into three forms. First, spoken language,
a language that is expressed directly by speakers to listeners.For example, when a
teacher gives a task to her students in a class.Second, written language, a language
which uses writing as a medium of expressing desire from a writer to a reader. For
example: a writer write a poem about something and hopely the readers can
a language that uses body movement or things such as hands, eyes, etc. for example,
we raise our eyebrows to express surprise or disapproval, we laugh to express
amusement, happiness, or disrespect, we can smile to express amusement, pleasure,
approval, or bitter feelings. All those things,are called as language.
There are some definitions of language taken from some experts. Sapir
(1965:78) says that language is purely human and not instinctive method of
communication ideas, emotion and desire by means of a system voluntarily produced
symbols.
Thomas (2000:6) says that one of the obvious ways of thinking about
language is as a systematic way of combining smaller units into larger units for the
purpose of communication. It means that we combine the sounds of our language
(phenomes) to form words (lexical items) according to the rules of the language we
speak.
And Hammarstrӧm (1976:1) says that language is a system of communication
such that the expression side is either spoken sounds or written symbols. From the
three quotations above, it could be stated that language is an important part in human
life, because language is a tool for us to do all those things.
Another important dimension of language has very different purposes in
using language for all the time. In general, the function of language is to
communicate. It is used and needed by human beings.We use language in order to
communicate one with another to express our personal reactions to situation, to
stimulate a response in someone else, and as means of conveying something that the
Language has a potential for making communication successful and
establishing social togetherness if it is used well. On the other hand, it will be a
handicap for communication and interaction if it is used unwell.
2.2 Definition of Society
Generally, the term of society refers to a group of people that live together in
a community that has the same rule, custom, tradition that control their attitude.
People in that community are interacted each other. So, only people that have the
same rule, custom or tradition that can be called as a society. A group of people who
were watching a football together, is not refered as a society, because they only have
the same purpose but each of them do not have a rule, custom or the same tradition.
Merril (1957 : 20) says that society as a large number of person engaged in social
interaction. A society exists when many persons interact regularly and continuously on
the basis of expectations of behavior whose meanings have been previously established.
Slotkin (1950: 38) in his book The Science of Human Society and Culture
States, “ A society is a group of people who adjust together”. No society is a single
uniform group. People are customarily grouped on the basis of various categories, which
cut across each other, namely, kinship, locality, and biological multifariousness of these
relationships itself strengthens the solidarity of the society as a whole.
Another way of defining society is to say that it is the interrelated network of
social relationships that exist within the boundaries of the largest social system.
People everywhere are members of some group at almost all times in their lives.
Through interaction within a group the human organism becomes a human being. In
the other side, society can be regarded as a social system, as a group whose parts are
interdependent. This means that the parts of society affect one another. If one part
2.3 The Relation of language and Society
Language is not a simply means of communicating information about a
subject,
but it is also a very important means of establishing and maintaining relationships
with other people. We believe that by studying language, we can learn about how
society is structured, how society functions in different group of people. From birth
to death, man lives as the member of a society. A society, then, as a large numbers of
persons engaged in social interactions. Each members of society interacts with others
through communication and in doing adjusts his behavior to their expectations.
Ridwan (2006: 18) said that language and society are the things that could not
be separated.A society need the language to do a social interaction and to do all the
activities in their lfe.
In communicating, we cannot avoid giving our listeners(society) clues about
our origins and the sort of person we are. They are reflected through our accent and
speech thatgenerally show what part of country we come from and what sort of
background we have. The people we are speaking with to help them formulating an
opinion about us, can use allof them. From this point of view, we may conclude that
language has an important role in conveying information about the speaker.
When we seek some clues about another person in a communication process
we try to know his/her background, from what kind of different sorts of language,
what sort of job he/she does, and what social status he/she has. If we get those certain
things, we will be sure exactly know the way in which we should behave towards
him/her. People speak differently according to their status or social class.
The importance of these relationships has led to the growth of a relatively
sub-discipline within linguistics; sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics, then, is the part
of linguistics which is concerned with language as a social and cultural phenomenon.
Here, we know how and why does language change, when and why people in
different communities use language varieties and with social political and
educational aspects of the relationship between language and society.
It is obvious that the relationship between language and society can be seen in
relation of certain language form such as variation, style of language, or dialect in its
application in society. For example, in our educational activities, we normally use a
formal style, in our daily activities or when talk with our friends, we use casual style
and in our business activities, we use consultative style and so on.
2.4 Style of language
Language has a potentiality for making communication successful and
establishing relationships with other people. Everyone of its speaker will never use
our own language in exactly the same way, because language as a form of human
social behavior and communities tend to split up into groups, each displaying
differences of behavior. It is natural phenomenon in the society.
The variation of language used in society can be caused by the social context
of the speaker. In the social context, a speaker talks by using different situation or
context. This is called as style. It is sometimes also known as register. Register
refers to the way that language can systematically vary according to the situation in
which it is used. There are several meanings of style given by linguists like the ones
below.
Wardhaugh (2010:48) said that Register or style is another complicating
who (or what) you are, whilst your register shows what you are doing”. So, in other
words, communication can be said that it concerns with relationship between
language and context in which is used.
2.4.1 An Overview of Language Styles a. Frozen Style or Oratorical Style
Frozen style (oratorical style) is defined as the most formal style and elegant
variety that reserved for very important or symbolic moments. It is usually used in
the situation which be celebrated with respect and legitimate or formal ceremonies.
According to Joos in Ridwan’s book (2006: 27)an oratorical style is used in
public speakingbefore a large audience, wording is carefully planned in advance,
intonation is somewhat exaggerated, and numerous rhetorical devices are
appropriate. Many of linguistics units fixed and there is no variation in it. Certain
fixed expressions are required. For example : yes, your honor, yes my lord, I
object…and so on. Not only the sentences are carefully constructed individually, but
also sequences of sentences are intricately related. Obviously, it must be very
carefully planned and to do well by requiring high skill. That is why this style is
called frozen style or oratorical style.
The people who attend on that occasion are often the person of high level or
important figures. The occasion itself is not an ordinary occasion. It means that the
occasion seems to give precedence and respect over the hearers and the speakers.
Thus, almost exclusively specially-professional orators, lawyers, and preachers use
this style. In spite of the fact, ordinary citizens who attend the court, religious
services may demand frozen language because it is not an ordinary occasion and it
proverbial message used this style. Constitute that languages are immutable, and
signal a linguistic event in the culture that is outside ordinary language use. It must
not be altered in anyway. Frozen style usually tends to be monolog, the sentences is
usually long and complete. but there are some expressions for this case. It also can be
involved in conversation if each member of the interaction has certain of fix verbal
role to be played. For example, in court, there are judges, witnesses, juries, and so
on.
b. Formal Style or Deliberative Style
Deliberative style is used in addressing audiences, usually audiences too large
topermit effectively interchange between speakers and hearers, though the forms
arenormally not as polished as those in an oratorical style such in a typical
universityclassroom lecture is often carried out in a deliberative style.We can say that
formal or deliberative style is used for important or serioussituation. At that level,
there is no symbolic or lasting value in this situation. It is usuallya single topic
oriented and it is related to the fact that formal writing is technical. Thus,most
scholar or technical reports using this style. In formal style usually uses a
standardlanguage. Formal style may also be used in speaking to a single hearer.
However,indicates that the speaker fells little mutually with the hearer.
c. Consultative Style
Consultative style is typically a dialogue though formal enough that words
arechosen with some care. doctor-patient conversation, and the like are usually
consultative in nature.The typical occurrence of consultative speech is between two
persons. While oneis speaking at intervals the others give short responses mostly
drawn from a smallinventory of standard signals. There are basic parts of the system
so. Consultative style is typically a dialogue. It is usually form of speech in a small
group. Consultative is the style most open to give and take of everyday conversation
discussed so far. We make routine request for information where provide answers to
such request in consultative.
d. Casual Style
Casual style is a casual conversation are between friends or colleagues
orsometimes members of a family. In this context words need to be guarded and
socialbarriers are moderately low.Casual style is also simply defined as a style that is
used for the conversation inour related or normal situation that appropriate to the
conversation with our friends, thebackground information so freely inserted into
casual conversation.Positively casual style is characterized by the use of the first
name or evennickname rather than a little name and last name in addressing one
another. Thepronunciation is rapid and often slurred.
e. Intimate Style
Intimate style is one characterized by complete absence of social inhibitions.
Talkwith family, beloved ones and veryclosed friends. Where you tend to reveal your
innerself, it is usually in an intimate style.Intimate style is also a completely private
language developed within families,lovers, and the closest of friends. It might
embarrass some for non-group members tohear them in-group intimate language.
The word that generally signal intimacy such as, dear, darling, and even honeymight
be used in this situation. In the other words, nicknames might regularly
proveembarrassing to hearer as well as speakers outside of intimate
situations.Furthermore, intimate language is also characterized by ellipsis, deletion,
characteristics. It isoften unintelligible outside the smallest social units. Intimate
style usually there is a shortand un-complete language and unclear articulation.
2.5 Relevant Studies
1. Gultom (2007) in his thesis “An Analysis of the Five Language Styles Found in the Movie Brokeback Mountain”.He concluded that to understand a
language, the hearer cannot only know meaning that a speaker says but also the
situation whether it is public or private situation, formal or informal situation, who’s
being addressed and who might be able to overhear.The analysis is focused on the
context of situation, subject matter, the audience and the mode of discourse in
dialogue that can be found in the movie. And the data are classified based on their
types. The film showed that language styles and vocabulary have a string and good
relationship.
2. Sari (2004) in her thesis entitled “ An Analysis of Five Language Styles Found in
Agatha Christine’s Novel “ A Pocket Full of Eye”, found that there are 20 data that
has analyzed. The focus of that analysis is based on the five language styles, they are
frozen style (oratorical style), formal style (deliberative style), consultative style,
casual style, and also intimate style. And each style has to be analyzed. But in that
novel there is no kind of frozen style in that novel. But, the other language styles
have already in that novel
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3. 1 Research Design
In completing the analyses, the writer uses Qualitative Research as the
method to reveal language styles unit. Qualitative description is a method to
investigate an object that can notbe measured by numbers or other measuring that is
unmeasureable. Qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of
social phenomena.Nazir (1998:64) states “ Descriptive method is a method of
research that makes the description of the situation of event or occurrence so that
this method only performs the mere basic data accumulation”
3.2 Source Data and Data
The primarly data presented in this analyses are taken from a movie that
entitled “ The King’s Speech Movie”. This movie consists of 16 Scenes and the
duration is 118 minutes. But because it is a big number, so the writer choose the data
of this study is every sentence or utterance that Bertie is done as a leading character
in this movie.This would help the writer to get the best result of it.This research
focuses on five language styles in “ The King’s Speech” movie by using a theory of
Martin Joos that classified style of language into 5 styles. They are: Frozzen Style,
3.3 Data Collecting
In collecting the data, the King’s Speech Movie is chosen as the primary source
of the analysisand the data is the Bertie’s conversation with the other figures in the
movie. In order to collect the data, the writer watched the film of “ King’s Speech”
firstly for several times, then the writer identified the script to choose the conversations
of Bertie done with the other figures, and finally made a transcription of it.
3.4 Data Analyses
After collecting the data from the data sources, the analysis then moves to
theanalyzing data. In analyzing the data, Qualitative Description is appeared. As
Nazir (1998:64) says that descriptive method is a method of research that makes the
description of the situation of event or occurrenceso that this method only performs the
mere basic data accumulation. Data analysis in qualitative research involves
selection, classification, categorization, looking for specific patterns, and drawing a
conclusion. This study analyses every sentences or utterances in the movie by using
Martin Joos’s theory about language styles in order to answer the problem of this
research.
` The distributive frequency is chosen in calculating the data as Bungin
(2005:171) states,“perhitungan data dengan distribusi frekuens iini dapa tdilakukan
dengan menghitung frekuensi data tersebut kemudian frekuensi itu dipersentasekan”.
(Calculating data with distributive frequency is calculating the frequency ofthe data
then frequency is percentaged)
From that explanation before, the percentage of each classification of
Language styles was calculated through the following formula from Bungin:
Where:
n : total frequency of types
Fx : total types frequency of the sub-category
N : total types of all categories
This present analyses could be based some particular procedureswhich are
stated below:
1. Watching the movie for several times.
2. Identifying the script which has Bertie’s conversations and then transcribing
its conversational dialogue.
3. Classifying the data based on five language styles.
4. Analysing and discussing the significances of the data.
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
In this chapter, the writer analyzes the data to answer the two research
questions as stated in chapter one. The analysis of five language styles are focused on
the context of situation, subject matter, the audience and the mode of discourse in
dialogue that can be found in the movie.
4.1Classified Based on the Types
4.1.1 Frozen Style
1.In the Broadcast Room
Bertie (Make a Speech): In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our
history, I sendto every household of my peoples,both
at home and overseas thismessage spoken with the
same depthof feeling for each one of you asif I were
able to cross yourthreshold and speak to you myself.
For the second time in the lives ofmost of us we are
at war. Over and over again we have triedto find a
peaceful way out of thedifferences between
ourselves andthose who are now our enemies. Butit
has been in vain. We have beenforced into a conflict.
For we arecalled, with our allies, to meetthe
challenge of a principle which,if it were to prevail,
would befatal to any civilized order in theworld.
Based on the Joos theory, one of the characterictic of frozen style is frozen
style usually tends to be monolog, the sentences is usually long and complete.
Looking at the data, Bertie is delivering a speech, so it means that he is doing a
monolog by delivery the speech. In addition, the sentences of Bertie’ speech is long
and complete. Furthermore, the content of the speech also make these data are the
part of frozen style, because it is a speech about the nation. So, because of those
reasons, these data can be chategorized into frozen style.
4.1.2 Formal Style 1. In the consultation room
Lionel: I was told not not to sit too close. (move the chair) I was also told,
speaking with a Royal, one waits for the Royal to choose the topic.
Bertie: Waiting for me to commence a conversation one can wait a rather
long wait.
Based on the dialog between lionel and bertie, it is so obvious that Lionel
makes a discrepancy with Bertie. It is between a citizen with the Duke of York. This
thing can be seen from the Lionel’s statement that “ does not sit too close” with
Bertie. In addition, Lionel is also so respect to Bertie by let Bertie to speak firstly.
So, based on that, it can be concluded that these data belong to formal style.
2. In the Baldwin study’s Room
Baldwin: It’s not just because she’s an American. It’s that she is soon to be a
twice divorced American, and the King can not marry a divorced
Yard, the King does not possess exclusive rights to Mrs.Simpson’s
favours and affections, sharing them with a married usedcar salesman,
a certain Mr Guy Trundle. In addition, it is rumoured that Hitler’s
ambassador,Count von Ribbentrop, sends her 17 carnations everyday.
Should your brother continue to ignore the advice of His Government,
He must abdicate. Otherwise His Government has no choice but to
resign.
Bertie: Prime Minister, you’d leave the country without a government?
Baldwin: Does the King do what he wants, or does he do what his people expect
him to do.
Joos in his theory said that one of the characteristic of Formal style or
deliberative style is, it is used for important or serious situation. In the data, Bertie
and Baldwin are talking about serious problem. Moreover,in deciding what styles the
data is, whether it is public or private, it can be known based on place of the data.
From the data, we know that the conversation occures in the Baldwin’s study Room.
So, it is a private thing. So, it is why the data is the part of formal style. Formal style
is also marked with single hearer. In this situation it occures between Baldwin and
Bertie. Furthermore, Joos adds that the using of standard language also the other
charateristic of formal or deliberative style. Here, we can see how every figure uses
the standard language in the data, it is also has the complex structure. In addition the
using of words such as “ Sir and Prime Minister” also indicate that the data is the
3. In the Westminster Abbey ( Big building)
Cosmo Lang: Welcome your Majesty.What a glorious transformation,Sir. I hope
you’ll forgive us if wecontinue our preparations. Allow meto guide
you through the ceremony. We begin, of course at the West Door,
then into the nave.
Bertie: I see all your pronouncements areto be broadcast, Archbishop
Cosmo Lang: Ah, yes, wireless is indeed a Pandora’s Box. I’m afraid I’ve alsohad to
permit the newsreel cameras.The product of which I shallpersonally
edit.
Lionel: Without momentary hesitation.
Bertie: Doctor Lionel Logue of HarleyStreet, my speech specialist.
Cosmo Lang: Specialist?! Had I known Yourn Majesty was seeking assistance
Iwould’ve made my ownrecommendation.
Bertie: Dr. Logue is to be present at theCoronation.
Cosmo Lang: Well of course I shall speak to theDean, but it will be
extremelydifficult.
Bertie: I should like the Doctor to beseated in the King’s Box. (See on
appendices)
Based on Martin Joos theory, he said that one of the characteristic of Formal
or deliberative style is usually used for important or serious situation. In the data
Bertie and Cosmo Lang are talking about important something, so they are in the
serious situation. In addition, the other part of formal style can be known by the
using of standard language. In the data we can see every figure uses the standard
words that indicate these data are the part of a formal style such as “Your majesty
and sir “.because, The words directly show that there is a different social class, status
and higher position between them.
4. In the Westminster Abbey
Cosmo Lang: What on earth’s going on, Sir?
Bertie: It’s all right, Archbishop.
Cosmo Lang: You should know that Ihave found a replacement Englishspecialist
with impeccablecredentials. Hence, your serviceswill no longer be
required.
Bertie: I’m sorry?
Cosmo Lang: Your Majesty’s function is toconsult and be advised. You
didn’tconsult, but you’ve just beenadvised.
Bertie: Now I advise you: in this personal matter I will make my own
decision.
Cosmo Lang: My concern is for the head uponwhich I must place the crown.
Bertie: I appreciate that Archbishop, butit’s my head!
Cosmo Lang: Your humble servant.
In Joos theory, He said that formal or deliberative style is used for important
or serious situation. In the data, Bertie and Cosmo lang is talking about serious
problem, it means that they are in serious situation. So, it is one of the reason, why
the data can be categorized into formal or deliberative style. The other characteristic
of formal style is also marked by the using of standart language. Here, we can see all
Furthermore, the words such as “ your humble servant; sir ” are indicates that there is
a different social class, status and the lower position. But when Bertie says “I
appreciate that Archbishop, but it’s my head” shows that Bertie has the higher
position than Cosmo Lang. In addition, deliberative style is also marked with single
hearer in speaking. In this context, the conversation occures between Bertie and
Cosmo Lang.
5. In the meeting room
Bertie: Good Morning Mr Baldwin.
Baldwin: Good Morning your Majesty.
Congratulations on your Coronation.It went splendidly.
Bertie: Thank you, Prime MinisterLuckilyI only had to repeat a few
shortoaths. I may not be so fortunate inthe future.
Baldwin: Sir, I have asked to see you todayin order to tender my resignationas
Prime Minister.
Bertie: I am so sorry to hear that, MrBaldwin.
Baldwin: Neville Chamberlain will take myplace as Prime Minister. It’s amatter
of principal. I wasmistaken. I have found itimpossible to believe that
there isany man in the World so lacking inmoral feeling as Hitler, but
theworld might be hurled for a secondtime into the abyss of
destructiveWar. Churchill was right all along.This was always Hitler’s
intention.I am only sorry to leave you inthis time of crisis. I am
In deciding what style the data is, it can be analysed based on the place of the
data. Here, The dialogue occures in the meeting room, it is a private room. The other
characteristic of formal or deliberative style is usually used for important or serious
situation. In the data, Bertie and Baldwin are talking about serious problem, it is
about the resignation of Baldwin as the Prime Minister. In addition, One of the terms
to decide what style the sentence or utterance is from the relation between
participant or to whom we are talking in. Here, the conversation occures between a
King to a Prime Minister. They are the people who work in the Government. So,
automatically both of them use the standard language. The using of standart
language is also the charateristic of formal style as Martin Joos said in His theory.
So, because all of these reasons, the writer concludes these data can be categorized
into formal style.
6. In the State Room
Bertie: Prime Minister. Nice to see youagain, so soon. Good of you to
behere, I’m sure you’ve had rather abusy day.
Chamberlain: Let’s hope we have no moreinterruptions from those damned
sirens, Sir.
Bertie: Or the wretched dogs.
Congratulations. First Lord of theAdmiralty.
Winston Churchill: Your Majesty.
Bertie: (nodding towards the recording room)
The long walk.
Winston Churchill: Good luck, Sir. I too dreadthis...apparatus. Had a speech
Bertie: I didn’t.
Winston Churchill: Family secret. Tongue-tied. Anoperation was considered
toodangerous. I eventually made anasset of it.A moment of
silent recognition between the two men.
Bertie: Thank you, Mr Churchill
Based on Martin Joos theory, formal or deliberative style can be identified by
the using of standard language in the data. In the data, we can see. All figures use the
standart language in speaking. It is also connected with the relation between
participant or to whom we are talking in. The participants in the conversation are the
people who work in the Government. They are the important figure and the high
level. So, each of them must speak formally. The using of words like sir, mr and your
majesty and the short responses of Bertie Such as “I didn’t; thank you” are also
indicate that there is a different social class, status and higher position, so it is why
the data can be categorized into formal style.
4.1.3 Consultative Style.
1. In the Drawing Room
Sir Blandine( a Doctor) : Inhale deep into your lungs. Relaxes your larynx, does
it not? Cigarette smoking calms the nerves and gives
you confidence. If Your Highness will be so kind as to
open his hand..
Sterilized. Now, if I may take the liberty, .insert them
Bertie: I ...
Sir Blandine: Just take your time. Relax
Elizabeth: Excuse me Doctor, what is the purpose of this?
Sir Blandine: The classic approach that cured Demosthenes
Elizabeth: That was in Ancient Greece. Has it worked since
Sir Blandine: Now if you would be so kind as to read. A wealth of
words. Fight against those marbles Your Royal
Highness. Enunciate!A little more concentration your
Royal Higness
Bertie: I nearly swallowed the damned things!
Elizabeth: Thank you so much, Doctor, it’s been most interesting
Consultative style is typically dialogue that words chosen with some care.
From the dialogue between sir blandine, Bertie and Elizabeth, it is so clear that these
data are the part of Consultative style. In the conversation, so clear how sir blandine
(doctor) gives something like a therapy to Bertie’s stammer. The relation of Sir
Balandine and Bertie is a doctor to his patient. The sentences like “ Inhale deep into
your lungs,Cigarette smoking calms the nerves and gives you confidence, Just take
your time... Relax” are the sentences though formal enough that words are chosen
with some care as Joos say in His theory about Consultative style. Not only
that,make a routine request for getting information is also the other characteristic of
consultative style. In the data, this thing can be shown through the qusetion of
Elizabeth Sir Blandine in order to get information about therapy’s style of Bertie.
2. In the consultation Room
Bertie : Aren’t you going to start treating me Dr Logue?
Lionel : Only if you’re interested in being treated. Please, call me
Lionel
Bertie : I prefer Doctor
Lionel : I prefer Lionel. What’ll I call you?
Bertie: Your Royal Highness, then Sir after that.
Lionel: A bit formal for here. What about your name?
Bertie: Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George?
Lionel : what about Bertie?
Bertie: ( flushes) Only my family uses that
Lionel: Perfect. In here, it’s better if we’re equals
Bertie: If we were equal I wouldn’t be here. I’d be at home with my
wifeand no-one would give a damn. (starts to light a cigarette from a silver case)
Lionel: don’t do that
Bertie: I am sorry?
Lionel: Sucking smoke into your lungs will kill you
(See on Appendices)
Joos in his theory says that consultative style is typically a dialogue that
words are chosen with some care. The data above of course is typically a dialogue,
because the conversation among Bertie and Lionel. Here, they are discussing about
the term of the therapist start. In addition, the lionel statement “ sucking smoke into
your lungs will kill you” is the word that have some care to Bertie. Furthermore, Joos
conultative style. In the data, this thing can be supported by the question of Lionel
such as “ what will I call you?; what about your name”. This thing is done in order
Lionel getting something information about Bertie.
3. In the consultation room
Lionel: What was your earliest memory?
Bertie: What an earth do you mean?
Lionel: First recollection
Bertie: I’m not here to discuss personal matters
Lionel: Why’re you here then?
Bertie: Because I bloody well stammer!
Lionel: Temper
Bertie: one of my many faults
Lionel: When did the defect start? (See on Appendices)
One of the characteristic of consultative style based on Joos theory is making
a routine request in order to get some information. In the data, Lionel is doing some
rootine request to bertie. It is can be supported by the questions of Lionel such as
“What was your earliest memory; when did the Bertie’s stammer start; when you
talk to yourself, do you stammer”. These things are the questions that have a purpose
to get information about Bertie’s stammer that indicate into consultative style. It is a
care attitude of lionel toward Bertie. In addition Playing the music when Bertie is
4. In the Consultation Room
Bertie: Strictly business. No personal nonsense.
Elizabeth: I thought I’d made that very clear in our interview.
Lionel: Got the shilling you owe me?
Bertie: No I don’t!
Lionel: Didn’t think so.
Bertie: Besides, you tricked me!
Lionel: No, I showed you what you can do.
What you’re asking will only deal with the surface of the problem.
Elizabeth: That’s sufficient. My husband has difficulties with his speech. Just
deal with that.
Bertie: I’m willing to work hard, Doctor Logue...
Lionel: Lionel.
Bertie: Are you willing to do your part
Lionel: Alright. You want mechanics? Weneed to relax your throat
musclesand strengthen your tongue. By repeating tongue twisters for
example. “I am a thistle-sifter. I have a sieve of sifted thistles anda
sieve of unsifted thistles.Because I am a thistle sifter.”
Bertie: Fine
Lionel: You have a flabby tummy, we mustbuild up the strength in your
diaphragm. Simple mechanics.
( Many different sessions, many different days, all in the
consultation room)
Lionel: Hum for as long as you like.
Bertie: Hm... mother.
Lionel: Beaut.A simple outward breath. “FFFFF” Wait for the “aa”.
“F...father”.
Just slide into it. ( See on Appendices)
Joos in his theory says that consultative style is typically a dialogue that
words are chosen with some care. The data above of course is typically a dialogue,
because the conversation among Bertie and Lionel. From the dialogue, it is so
obvious that Bertie is consulting to Lionel about his stammer. Bertie willing to work
hard, so, his stammer is recover. Here, He is doing something like a therapy for his
stammer in consultation’s room. This thing make that these data are chategorized
into consultative style. The sentences like “We need to relax your throat muscles and
strengthen your tongue, we must build up the strength in your diaphragm, Hum for
as long as you like” are the three sample sentences that full of the care words. As the
Joos’s theory said that the words that have some care indicate into Consultative style.
In addition Joos adds that make a routine request for getting information is also the
characteristic of consultative style. In the data, this thing can be supported by the
question of Lionel such as “ are you willing to do your part” These things are the
questions that have a purpose to get information about Bertie’s therapy that indicate
into consultative style
5. In the consultation room
Lionel: Do you feel like working today?
( Bertie notices the plane left behind by Logue’s sons)
Logue: I’ll put on some hot milk.
Bertie: Logue, I’d kill for something stronger.
Lionel: I wasn’t there for my father’s death. Still makes me sad.
Bertie: I can imagine so.
What did you father do?
Lionel: a brewer
Bertie: oh
Lionel: At least there was free beer.
Here’s to the memory of your father
Bertie: I was informed, after the fact, myfather’s last words were: “Bertiehas
more guts than the rest of hisbrothers put together.” He couldn’tsay
that to my face.
( blurts) My brother. That’s why I’m here.
Lionel: what’s he done?
Bertie: Can’t say. I can’t puh-puh-puh...
Lionel: Try singing that
Bertie: pardon?
Lionel: know any songs?
Bertie: songs?
Lionel: yes songs
Bertie: Swanee River (See on Appendices)
Joos in his theory says that Consultative style is typically a dialogue though
formal enough that words are chosen with some care. The data above absoulutely is
Here, Lionel tries to give a strength by ask bertie to tell his life by singing, so it
makes bertie more relax and calm.“ You can finish that off. If you sing. (to “Swanee
River”) “When I was a boy with David...upon the Swanee River.” The way of lionel
gives a strength to bertie has some care. So,it is why these data can be classified into
consultative style. The other characteristic of consultative style is making a request in
order to get some information. In the data, this thing can be supported by the
questions of Lionel such as “ Chase the same girls?; Did David tease you?”. This
thing is done in order Lionel getting something information about Bertie’s life.
6. In the Consultation Room
Bertie: All that work, down the drain. Myown brother. I couldn’t say...Icould
say...I couldn’t say a wordin reply!
Lionel: Why do you stammer more with Davidthan you do with me?
Bertie: Because you’re bloody well paid to listen!
Lionel: I’m not a geisha girl.
Bertie: Stop trying to be so bloody clever!
Lionel: What is it about David that stopsyou speaking?
Bertie: What the bloody hell is it thatmakes you bloody well want to go on
about David?
Lionel: Vulgar but fluent. You don’tstammer when you swear.
Bertie: Bugger off!
Lionel: Is that the best you can do?
Bertie: Well bloody bugger to you, youbeastly bastard.
Lionel: A public school prig can do betterthan that.
Lionel: See how defecation flows trippinglyfrom the tongue?
Bertie: Because I’m angry!
Lionel: Ah. Know the f-word?
Bertie: Fornication?
Lionel: Bertie.
Bertie: Fuck. Fuck, fuck, fuck!
Lionel: Yes! You see! Not a hesitation!
Bertie: Bloody, bloody, bloody! Shit, shit,shit! Bugger, bugger, bugger!
Fuck,fuck fuck
Lionel: Well that’s a side of you we don’tget to see that often.
Bertie: No. No we’re not supposed toreally, not publicly.
Lionel: Can’t joke, can’t laugh? Let’s get some air.
Bertie: No Logue, I don’t think that’s a good idea
Lionel: Put on your spy clobber.
Looking at the content of the dialogue, it is so clear that these data can be
classified into consultative style. Here, Bertie is discussing with Lionel about his
weakness in facing his brother. But, in the conversation, it is obviously shown how
Lionel give some advices to Bertie in making Bertie being more relax. “ Is that the
best you can do?; A public school prig can do better than that; See how defecation
flows trippingly from the tongue”. Although in the converstaion there are the rude
words such as shit and fuck, but those do not mean that these data are casual style,
7. In the Regent’s Park Ornamental Garden
Lionel: What’s wrong? What’s got you soupset?
Bertie: Logue, you have no idea. My brotheris infatuated with a woman
who’sbeen married twice - and she’sAmerican.
Lionel: Some of them must be loveable.
Bertie: She’s asking for a divorce andDavid is determined to marry her.
Mrs Wallis Simpson of Baltimore.
Lionel: That’s not right. Queen Wallis ofBaltimore?
Bertie: Unthinkable.
Lionel: Can he do that?
Bertie: Absolutely not. But he’s going toanyway. All hell’s broken loose.
Lionel: Can’t they carry on privately?
Bertie: If only they would.
Lionel: Where does that leave you?
Bertie: I know my place! I’ll do anythingwithin my power to keep my
brotheron the throne.
Lionel: Has it come to that? But the waythings are going, your place may
beon the throne.
Bertie: I am not an alternative to mybrother.
Lionel: If you had to you could outshine David
Bertie: Don’t take liberties! That’sbordering on treason.
Lionel: I’m just saying you couldbe King.
You could do it!
Bertie: That is treason!
Bertie: I’ve had enough of this!
Lionel: What’re you afraid of?(See on Appendices)
Based on the content of the dialogue, these data can be chategorized as
consultative style although the dialogue happenes in informal situation which is in the
garden.Here, between Lionel and Bertie are discussing about David’s problem that
want to be nonactive as a King. In the conversation, it is clear how Lionel has the
care attitude toward the problem of Bertie. Even Lionel convinces Bertie that He
could be a King “What’s wrong? What’s got you so upset,? I’m trying to get you to
realise you need not be governed by fear, What’re you afraid of” are the sentences
that have contents the care attitude. These things that make these data are the part of
consultative style.
8. In the Logue’s Study
Bertie: Here’s your shilling, Logue .I understand what you were tryingto say,
Logue.
Lionel: I went about it the wrong way. I’msorry.
Bertie: Now here I am. Is the nation readyfor two minutes of radio silence?
Lionel: Every stammerer always fears theywill fall back to square one.
Idon’t let that happen. You won’tlet that happen.
Bertie: If I fail in my duty... David couldcome back. I’ve seen the
placards“Save Our King!” They don’t meanme. Every other monarch
in historysucceeded someone who was dead, orabout to be. My
predecessor is notonly alive, but very much so. Whata bloody mess! I
can’t even givethem a Christmas Speech.
Bertie: Precisely.
Lionel: Your father. He’s not here.
Bertie: Yes he is. He’s on that bloodyshilling I gave you.
Lionel: easy enough to give away. You don’thave to carry him around in your
pocket. Or your brother. You don’tneed to be afraid of things youwere
afraid of when you were five. You’re very much your own
man,Bertie. Your face is next, mate.
Looking at the dialogue between Lionel and Bertie, these data can be
chategorized as consultative style. The relation of Lionel and Bertie is between a
therapist to a patient. In the conversation they are discussing about something that
serious enough in the logue’s study. Furthermore, these data are also typically a
dialogue though formal that words chosen with some care. The lionel’s words like
“Every stammerer always fears they will fall back to square one. I don’t let that
happen; You don’t need to be afraid of things you were afraid of when you were
five” are the words thathave some care, so, these things indicate that the conversation
is consultative style.
9. In the Westminster Abbay
Lionel: I can’t believe I’m walking onChaucer andHandel and
Dickens.Everything alright? Let’s getcracking.
.Bertie: I’m not here to rehearse, DoctorLogue.
True, you never called yourself‘Doctor’. I did that for you.diploma,
no training, noqualifications. Just a great dealof nerve.
Bertie: You asked for trust and totalequality.
Lionel: Bertie, I heard you at Wembley, Iwas there. I heard you. My son
Laurie said “Do you think you couldhelp that poor man?” I replied
“IfI had the chance”.
Bertie: What, as a failed actor!?
Lionel: It’s true, I’m not a doctor, andyes I acted a bit, recited in pubs and
taught elocution in schools.When the Great War came, our boyswere
pouring back from the front,shell-shocked and unable to speakand
somebody said, “Lionel, you’revery good at all this speech stuff.Do
you think you could possiblyhelp these poor buggers”. I didmuscle
therapy, exercise,relaxation, but I knew I had to godeeper. Those poor
young blokes hadcried out in fear, and no-one waslistening to them.
My job was togive them faith in their voice andlet them know that a
friend waslistening. That must ring a fewbells with you, Bertie.
Bertie: You give a very noble account ofyourself.
Lionel: Make inquiries. It’s all true. (See on Appendices)
These data can be chategorized into consultative style, because Bertie and
Lionel are discussing about the hesitation of Bertie. These data are typically a
dialogue though formal enough that words arechosen with some care. The
conversation occures in the Westminster Abbey, the place of Bertie will be
inaugurated as a King. The conversation only between two persons, Lionel and
10. In the Westminster Abbey
Lionel: As soon as you and Elizabeth enterthe West door, you’ll be greeted
with the hymn “I Was Glad When TheySaid Unto Me.” You won’t
actually be that glad, because they sing itfor a great long time. Then
yourfriend the Archbishop will ponce up and say, “Sir, is Your
Majestywilling to take The Oath?” You say,
Bertie: “I am willing”.
Lionel: Course you are! I’ll see what itsounds like from the cheap seats so
even your old nanny can hear.
“Will you govern your peoples ofGreat Britain, Ireland,
Canada,Australia and New Zealand accordingto their lands and
customs?”
Bertie: "I solemnly promise so do so."
Lionel: LOUDER! I can’t hear you up theback
Bertie: “I SOLEMNLY PROMISE TO DO SO!”
Lionel: Very good! "Will you to your powercause Law and Justice, in Mercy,
tobe executed in all yourjudgements?"
Bertie: "I will." “I WILL!”
Lionel: Then a long bit about upholding thefaith, rubbish, rubbish, rubbish.
To which you finally say
Bertie: “These things which I haveherebefore promised, I will perform and
keep. So help me God.”
Lionel: That’s all you have to say. Fourshort responses, kiss the book and sign
Looking at the dialogue, it is so clear that these data belong to Consultative
style. Because in the conversation there is something like an exercise that Bertie is
done for his inauguration. The dialogue is in semiformal condition that occurre between
Bertie and Lionel in the Westminster Abbey. The words like,“ LOUDER! I can’t hear
you up the back, That’s all you have to say. Four short responses, kiss the book and
sign the oath. There you are: you’re King. Easy” are the samples that indicate this
conversation is the part of Consultative style.
11. In the Bertie’s Study
Hardinge: At last. Here it is. You are live at six. I’ve timed it at just
undernine minutes. The wording is fully approved. The Prime
Minister will be joining you for the broadcast which will go
out live to the Nation, the Empire and to our Armed Forces.
Bertie: Get Logue here immediately.
Based on the conversation, these data can be chategorized into consultative
style. Because, here Hardinge gives something like a description about the term of
Bertie’s speech. “I’ve timed it at just undernine minutes. The wording is fully
approved. The Prime Minister will be joining you for the broadcast which will go out
live to the Nation, the Empire and to our Armed Forces”. In addition the
conversation occures between two persons, they are Hardinge and Bertie.
12. In the Bertie’s Study
Bertie: “There may be dark days ahead, andw-w-wa...”
Lionel: Try again.
