... dan H. Marchart Capsid populatoin cycle. Cocoa Res. Xnst. Ann. Report :

(1)

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---

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---

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.

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dan H. Marchart. 1972. Capsid

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(2)

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---

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Waters, W.E. and W.R. Henson. 1959. Some sampling attributes of the negative binomial distribution with speclal reference to forest insects. For. Sci. 5(4): 397-412.

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---

1970. Ecological studies on c a c a o mirids. Ann. Rep. Cocoa Res. Inst. Of Nigeria 1968-1969: 30-34.

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(6)

G a m b a r L a m p i r a n 1. N i l a i R a t a a n K e l o m p o k ( A ) pada B e b e r a p a M a c a m N i l a i R a t a a n ( R ) dan I n d e k s A g r e g a s i ( k ) ( S o u t h w o o d , 1980)

(7)

Gambar Lampiran 2 . I r i s a n M e m n j a n g S t o p l e s P l a s t i k Ternpat ( A ) P e m e l i h a r a a n Dewasa u n t u k p r o d u k s i T e l u r ( M e t o d e s t a n d a r S e n g ) d a n ( B ) P e m e l i h a r a a n Nimfa u n t u k P r o d u k s i Dewasa ( w a r d o j o , 1983); ( a ) k a i n b e l a c u , ( b ) k a r e t g e l a n g , ( c ) s t o p l e s p l a s t i k , ( d l buah c o k e l a t , ( e ) s t a n d a r s e n g , ( f ) a i r , ( g ) p a s l r b a s a h , d a n ( h ) cawan P e t r i

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Gambar L a m p i r a n 3. Irisan memanjang Sangkar Kasa Plastik untuk Pemeliharaan s e -

rangga di Kebun; ( A ) Rangka Sangkar dari Rotan; ( B ) Kasa Plastik, (C) Buah Cokelat, ( D ) Rangka Sangkar dari Kawat, (E) Kawat Pengikat, dan ( F ) Cabang Cokelat

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Garnbar Lampiran 4 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n J a n u a r i 1 9 8 3 K e t e r a n s a n : Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n n i m f a

a

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a . n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i I - 5 n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l

>

5 n l m f a

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Gambar Lampiran 5 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t Berbuah pada Pengainatan B u l a n F e b r u a r i 1 9 8 3 Ke t e r a n s a m : Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n n i m f a

W

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a n i m f a

a

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 n i m f a

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Gambar Lampiran 6 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H. antonil d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n Maret 1 9 8 3 -:

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Gambar Lampi r a n 7 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H .

antonil

d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n A p r i l 1 9 8 3 K e t e r a n q a n : Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n l m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l

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Gambar Lampiran 8 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . antonif d e n g a n P o h o n c o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n M e i 1 9 8 3

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a

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Gambar Lampiran 9 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n P o h o n c o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n J u n i 1 9 8 3

Keteransan:

Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n n f m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l

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(15)

Gambar Lampiran 1 0 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n J u l i 1 9 8 3

Keteransan:

llIj

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n f m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 n l m f a Tat-mman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l

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Gambar Lampiran 11. Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i f d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n A g u s t u s 1 9 8 3

v:

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-

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(17)

Gambar Lampiran 12. Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H , a n t o n i i d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 3

Keteransan:

0

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Gambar Lampiran 1 3 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i l d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada Pengamatan B u l a n Oktober 1 9 8 3

K e t e r a n q a n :

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Gambar Lampiran 1.4. Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H. antonii d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada Pengamatan B u l a n November 1 9 8 3 -:

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5 n l n t a

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Gambar Lampiran 15. Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n Desember 1 9 8 3 -: Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n n i m f a

W

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 n i m f a Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n n i m f a pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i

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5 n i m f a

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G a m b a r Lampiran 1 6 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . antonii d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada Pengamatan B u l a n J a n u a r i 1 9 8 3

v:

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Tanarnan c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a imago

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Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i

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(22)

Gambar Lampiran 1 7 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n F e b r u a r i 1 9 8 3

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Gambar Lampiran 1 8 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . antonii d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t B e r b u a h pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n M a r e t 1 9 8 3

Keteranqan:

Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n imago

Tanaman c o k e l a t b q r b u a h d e n g a n imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1

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Gambar Lampiran 1 9 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u f a n A p r i l 1 9 8 3

K e t e r a n s a n :

C ]

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(25)

Gambar L a m p i r a n 2 0 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H. a n t o n i i d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t B e r b u a h p a d a P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n M e i 1 9 8 3 K e t e r a n a a n : Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n i m a g o Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a i m a g o Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n i m a g o pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 imago

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Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n Imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l

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(26)

Gambar Lampiran 2 1 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n Pohon C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n J u n i 1 9 8 3

Keteranqan:

f

T

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(27)

Gambar Lampiran 2 2 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n P o h o n

C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n J u l i 1 9 8 3

K e t e r a n s a n :

t]

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Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l

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5 imago

(28)

Gambar L a m p i r a n 23. Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i I m a g o H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t B e r b u a h pada P e n g a m a t a n Bu2an A g u s t u s 1 9 8 3 Keteranqan: Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n i m a g o Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a i m a g o Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n i m a g o p a d a p a d a t p o p u l a s l 1 - 5 i m a g o Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n i m a g o p a d a p a d a t p o p u l a s i

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5 i m a g o

(29)

Gambar Lampiran 2 4 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . antonii d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 3 Keteransan: T a n a ~ n c o k e l a t t a n p a buah d a n imago

lfl

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a lmago

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l 1 - 5 imago

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n lmaqo pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i

>

5 lmago

(30)

Gambar L a m p i r a n 2 5 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i I m a g o H . a n t o n i i d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t B e r b u a h p a d a P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n O k t o b e r 1 9 8 3 K e t e r a n s a n :

D

Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a b u a h d a n i m a g o Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h t a n p a I m a g o Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n i m a g o pada p a d a t p o p u l a s f 1 - 5 Lmago

a

Tanaman cokelat b e r b u a h d e n g a n l m a g o p a d a p a d a t p o p u l a s i

>

5 imago

(31)

Gambar Lampiran 2 6 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H. a n t o n f i d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n November 1 9 8 3

Keteransan:

a

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 imago

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s l

>

5 imago

(32)

Gambar Lampiran 2 7 . Hubungan a n t a r a S e b a r a n P o p u l a s i Imago H . antonii d e n g a n P o h o n C o k e l a t Berbuah pada P e n g a m a t a n B u l a n Desember 1 9 8 3

K e t e r a n a a n :

Tanaman c o k e l a t t a n p a buah dan imago

a

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n imago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i 1 - 5 imago

Tanaman c o k e l a t b e r b u a h d e n g a n lmago pada p a d a t p o p u l a s i

>

5 imago

(33)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 1. F a k t o r L i n g k u n g a n H a s i l P e n g a m a t a n s e l a m a Dua T a h u n (1982-1984) F a k t o r L i n g k u n g a n

* )

B u l a n

...

B P H HH T Rh

...

M e i 1982 J u n i J u l i A q u s t u s S e p t e m b e r O k t o b e r November D e s e m b e r

Januari

1983 F e b r u a r i M a r e t A p r l l M e 1 J u n i J u l i A g u s t u s S e p t e m b e r O k t o b e r November D e s e m b e r J a n u a r i 1984 F e b r u a r l M a r e t A p r i l M e 1

* )

B a d a l a h r a t a a n b a n y a k n y a b u a h p e r p o h o n P a d a l a h b a n y a k n y a p o h o n y a n g b e r b u a h d a r i 1 0 8 0 t a n a m a n c o n t o h H a d a l a h b a n y a k n y a h u j a n t i a p b u l a n ( m m ) H H a d a l a h b a n y a k n y a h a r i h u j a n t h a r i ) T a d a l a h r a t a a n s u h u h a r i a n ( " C ) Rh a d a l a h r a t a a n k e l e m b a b a n n i s b i u d a r a p e r b u l a n ( % )

(34)

Tabel Lampiran

2 . Padat P o p u l a s i

H ,

a n t o n i i dan Banyaknya Buah C o k e l a t S i a p

Dipanen (Betrem, 1941)

...

Bulan

Padat P o p u l a s i

Banyaknya Buah

Keterangan

H. a n t o n i i P e r Petak

S i a p Dipanen

- - - + - - -

J a n u a r

i

37

0 Buah belum s i a p dipanen

F e b r u a r i

119

0 Buah belum s i a p dipanen

Maret

267

0 Buah belum s i a p dipanen

Apr

i

1

111

0 Buah belum s i a p dipanen

M e i

1 5

4 9 9

Buah s i a p d i p a n e n

J u n i

11

731 Buah s i a p dipanen

J u l i

4

565 Buah s i a p d i p a n e n

Agustus

7

147 Buah s i a p d i p a n e n

September

0

5

9 Buah s i a p d i p a n e n

Oktober

0 1 9 7

Buah s i a p d i p a n e n

(35)

Tabel Lampiran

3 .

Jurnlah Pangkat Hasil

Uji

Kruskal-Wallis Pengaruh Asal Buah Cokelat ( d a r i Lernbah,

Lereng, dan

B u k i t )

sebagai Hakanan terhadap Pertumbuhan

dan

Perkernbangan

H. a n t o n i i

Jurnlah Pangkat

( R )

Asal

Rataan

...

Jumlah

Persentase

Lama I n s t a r

Lama Hidup Imago

Buah

Telur

Tetas Telur

...

1

2

3 4

5 Jantan

Betina

...

Lembah

180.5

203.5

28

22

26

32

20

27.5

3

0 Lereng

1 4 7 . 0

151.5

22

28

26

29

26.0

2 5

(36)

Tabe 1 Lampiran 4 . S i d i k Ragam P e r b e d a a n ~ " m l a h T e l u r y a n g D i l e t a k k a n o l e h Imago B e t i n a H. a n t o n i i pada T i g a L o k a s i Kebun y a n g B e r b e d a

...

S umbe r D e r a j a t Jumlah K u a d r a t F k Z t - Ft-b. 0 . 0 ~ Keragaman B e b a s K u a d r a t T e n g a h

...

P e r l a k u a n 2 304.222 152.111 1.37"' 5.14 Aca k 6 662.000 110.333

...

T o t a l 8 9 6 6 . 2 2 2

...

* )

Fhit.

<

Ft-b- 0 . 0 ~ b e r a r t i t i d a k t e r d a p a t p e r b e d a a n p e n g a r u h y a n g n y a t a

(37)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 5 . S i d i k R a g a m P e r b e d a a n J u m l a h N i m f a y a n g D i l e t a k k a n o l e h Imago B e t i n a H . a n t o n i i p a d a T i g a L o k a s i Kebun yang B e r b e d a

---

S u m b e r D e r a j a t J u m l a h K u a d r a t F h l t - F t - b - 0 - 0 1 K e r a g a m a n B e b a s K u a d r a t T e n g a h

...

P e r l a k u a n 2 6084.6 3042:3' 1-78". 5 . 1 4 A c a k * ) F h l t .

<

Ft-b. 0 . 0 5 b e r a r t i t i d a k t e r d a p a t p e r b e d a a n pengaruh yang nyata

(38)

T a b e l L a m p l r a n 6. S i d i k R a g a m P e r b e d a a n J u m l a h I m a g o y a n g D i l e t a k k a n o l e h I m a g o B e t i n a H. antonii pada T i g a L o k a s i K e b u n yang B e r b e d a

...

S u m b e r D e r a i a t J u m l a h K u a d r a t F k r t Ft-b- 0 . 0 5 K e r a g a m a n B e b a s K u a d r a t T e n g a h

...

P e r l a k u a n 2 2 8 8 0 . 2 1440.11 O.7gn- 5.14 Aca k 6 10917.7 1819.62

...

T o t a 1 8 13797 - 9

...

* )

F..Z*.

<

F f r b . b e r e r t i t i d a k terdapat p e r b e d a a n pengaruh yang nyata

(39)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 7 . R a t a a n P a d a t P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i i p a d a B u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g ( N t + = ) , p a d a b u l a n B u l a n i n i ( N t ) , d a n B u l a n s e b e l u m i n i ( N t - = ) ( A n a l i s i s Model P o l i n o m i a l O r d o I )

---

N O . N t

---

1 4.0685 2 2.8564 3 1.0935 4 0.3296 5 0.0925 6 0,1166 7 0.4074 8 0.5685 9 4.8824 1 0 4.5990 11 0 - 9 7 7 7 1 2 0.6518 K e t e r a n g a n N,,= a d a l a h r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i n i m f a H. a n t o n i i p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g Nt a d a l a h r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i n i m f a H . a n t o n i i p a d a b u l a n i n i N = - % a d a l a h r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i n i m f a H . a n t o n i i p a d a b u l a n sebelurn i n 1 Net,= a d a l a h n i l a i d u g a a n r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i n i m f a H. a n t o n i i p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g A . M o d e l d a s a r y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k menduga h u b u n g a n f u n g s i o n a l a n t a r a N,+= d e n g a n N h d a n N t - l a d a l a h N t + = = a + b N t

+

c N t - =

+

dNtNt-= d e n g a n a , b , c , d a n d a d a l a h k o n s t a n t a .

(40)

8 . A n a l i s i s r e g r e s i h u b u n g a n a n t a r a N t + = d e n g a n N= d a n N t - = d i s a j i k a n p a d a T a b e l L a m p i r a n 8. T a b e l L a m p i r a n 8. S i d i k Ragam R e g r e s i Hubungan A n t a r a N t + = d e n g a n N t d a n Nt-x

...

Sumber D e r a j a t J u m l a h K u a d r a t F n r t F t - b - 0 - 0 5 Keragaman B e b a s K u a d r a t T e n g a h

...

R e g r e s i 1 11.18 11.18 17.35* 1 9.83 S i s a 2 1 13.53 0 . 6 4

...

T o t a l 2 2 2 4 . 7 1

...

*

F n r t

>

F = - ~ - o - o s b e r a r t i n i l a i N t d a n N t - = secara n y a t a m e n e n t u k a n n i l a i Nt-a P e r s a m a a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h a d a l a h C . P e r b a n d i n g a n n i l a i o b s e r v a s i d e n g a n n i l a i d u g a a n d i - g a m b a r k a n d a l a m Gambar L a m p i r a n 28, s e d a n g s e b a r a n n i l a i s i s a y a n g d i s t a n d a r d i s a s i d i g a m b a r k a n d a l a m Gambar L a m p i r a n 2 9 .

(41)

,

.

z y s + : . _... . ., 1

m t

dan N t

- ,

U

=

t i a s i l o b s e r w a s i

+

=

H a s i l dugaan G a m b a r L a m p i r a n 2 8 . H u b u n g a n a n t a r a N i l a i N,,= O b s e r - v a s i d e n g a n N i l a i N t + x D u g a a n d a l a m A n a l i s i s M o d e l P o l i n o m i a l O r d o I H u b u n g a n a n t a r a Nt,= d e n g a n N t d a n N t - 2

(42)

G a m b a r L a m p i r a n 2 9 . S e b a r a n N i l a i S i s a yang D i s t a n d a - d i s a s i d a l a m A n a l i s i s M o d e l P o l i - n o m i a l O r d o I H u b u n g a n a n t a r a

(43)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 9 . R a t a a n P a d a t P o p u l a s l N l m f a H . a n t o n i i p a d a B u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g ( N t + = ) , R a t a a n B a n y a k n y a B u a h P e r P o h o n p a d a B u l a n i n 1 ( B t ) , d a n B a n y a k n y a P o h o n B e r b u a h p a d a B u l a n I n 1 ( P t ) ( A n a l l s l ~ M o d e l P o l i n o m i a l O r d o I )

...

NO

.

N t + x Bt P t N ' t + a

...

1 1.3361 5.1268 269 1.4949 2 4 -0685 11.0175 293 2.9423 3 2.8564 23.5712 807 3 -2926 4 1.0935 17.7166 776 2.8178 5 0.3296 4.2666 4 12 1.2971 6 0.0925 1.3972 18 7 0.4736 7 0.1166 0.7740 8 8 0 -1899 8 0.4074 1.7472 112 0.5064 9 0.5685 2.9555 324 0.9738 10 4.8824 5.9194 261 1.6981 1 1 4.5990 9.6796 1080 1.5151 12 0 -9777 6.0648 1080 1.4311 1 3 0.6518 4.2351 648 1.3251 14 1.3592 10.0787 480 2.4292 1 5 3.2287 9.6759 553 2 -2496 16 3.4379 17 -4814 793 2 -7308 1 7 2.3481 13.1027 848 2.1431 18 0.8722 8.0916 773 1.7684 19 0.0370 6.1166 577 1.6264 2 0 0 -0027 1.6870 9 7 0 - 4 7 5 5 2 1 0.1398 0.0796 6 3 0.0544 2 2 0 -3620 1.0287 11 6 0.2970 2 3 1.5861 1.9259 208 0.6365 2 4 0.3851 5.1648 49 2 1.4786

...

K e t e r a n g a n N ~ + x a d a l a h r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i n i m f a H. n i m f a p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g , B t a d a l a h r a t a a n b a n y a k n y a p o h o n p e r p o h o n pada b u l a n i n i , P t a d a l a h b a n y a k n y a p o h o n b e r b u a h p a d a b u l a n i n i . N't,l a d a l a h n i l a l d u g a a n r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i n i m f a H. antonii p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g A . M o d e l d a s a r y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n d u g a h u b u n g a n f u n g s i o n a l a n t a r a Nt,= d e n g a n B t d a n Pt a d a l a h d e n g a n a, b, c , d a n d a d a l a h k o n s t a n t a .

(44)

B. A n a l i s i s r e g r e s i h u b u n g a n a n t a r a Nt,= d e n g a n B t d a n P t d i s a j i k a n p a d a T a b e l L a m p i r a n 10. T a b e l L a m p i r a n 10. S i d i k Ragam R e g r e s i Hubungan a n t a r a N t + x d e n g a n Bt d a n Pt

...

Sumber D e r a j a t J u m l a h K u a d r a t F k r t F ~ - D . O . O S Keragaman B e b a s K u a d r a t T e n g a h

...

R e g r e s i 1 8.35 8.35 13.19*) 9.73 S i s a 2 2 13.93 0.63

...

T o t a l 2 3 2 2 . 2 8

...

*

Fhat

>

F t r b - O - C ~ s b e r a r t i n i l a i ~ ~ ' d a n P t secara n y a t a m e n e n t u k a n n i l a i N t + x . P e r s a m a a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h a d a l a h C . P e r b a n d i n g a n n i l a i o b s e r v a s i d e n g a n n i l a i d u g a a n d i - g a m b a r k a n d a l a m Gambar L a m p i r a n .30, s e d a n g s e b a r a n n i l a i s i s a y a n g d i s t a n d a r d i s a s i d i g a m b a r k a n d a l a m Gam- b a r L a m p i r a n 31.

(45)

+

= H a s i l dugaan G a m b a r L a m p i r a n 3 0 . H u b u n g a n a n t a r a N i l a i N t - x O b s e r - v a s i d e n g a n N i l a i N t + l D u g a a n d a l a m A n a l is i s M o d e l P o l i n o m i a l O r d o I H u b u n g a n a n t a r N t + x d e n g a n B t d a n P t

(46)

G a m b a r L a m p i r a n 3 1 . Sebaran N i l a i S i s a yang D i s t a n d a r -

d i s a s i d a l a m A n a l i s i s M o d e l P o l i - n o m i a l O r d o I H u b u n g a n a n t a r a N t + l

(47)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 11. R a t a a n P a d a t P o p u l a s i I m a g o H. a n t o n i i p a d a B u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g ( I t , ~ ) , d a n R a t a a n P a d a t P o p u l a s i N i m f a p a d a B u l a n i n i ( N t ) ( A n a l i s i s M o d e l S i n u s L i n e a r )

...

N o . I t + l N t I * t * z

...

1 0 . 0 9 1 6 1 . 1 3 8 8 0 . 2 5 7 6 2 0 . 4 6 8 5 1 . 3 3 6 1 0 . 2 8 3 9 3 0 . 7 0 0 9 4 . 0 6 8 5 0 . 5 7 4 9 4 0 . 2 7 9 6 1 . 0 9 3 5 0 . 4 6 6 4 5 0 . 1 4 7 2 1 . 0 9 3 5 0 . 2 5 1 5 6 0 . 0 6 3 8 0 . 3 2 9 6 0 - 1 4 6 4 7 0 . 0 5 1 8 0 . 0 9 2 5 0 . 1 1 3 3 8 0 . 1 2 6 8 0 . 1 1 6 6 ' 0 . 1 1 6 7 9 0 . 1 2 9 6 0 . 4 0 7 4 0 . 1 5 7 3 1 0 0 . 7 2 6 8 0 . 5 6 8 5 0 . 1 7 9 7 11 0 . 8 5 6 4 4 . 8 8 2 4 0 - 6 2 3 4 1 2 0 . 1 9 1 6 4 . 5 9 9 0 . 6 0 8 9 1 3 0 . 1 6 1 1 0 . 9 7 7 7 0 - 2 3 5 8 1 4 0 . 2 7 1 2 0 . 6 5 1 8 0 . 1 9 1 2 1 5 0 . 6 5 3 7 1 . 3 5 9 2 0 . 2 8 6 9 1 6 0 . 6 5 8 3 3 . 2 2 8 7 0 . 5 0 3 9 1 7 0 . 6 7 5 9 3 . 4 3 7 9 0 - 5 2 3 4 1 8 0 . 2 6 7 5 2 . 3 4 8 1 0 . 4 1 0 1 1 9 0 . 0 3 4 2 0 . 8 7 2 2 0 . 2 2 1 5 2 0 0 - 0 1 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 0 - 1 0 5 5 2 1 0 - 0 2 3 1 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 - 1 0 0 7 2 2 0 . I 0 3 7 0 . 1 3 9 8 0 . 1 1 9 9 2 3 0 . 2 0 2 7 0 . 3 6 2 0 . 1 5 0 9 2 4 0 . 0 4 9 1 . 5 8 6 1 0 . 3 1 6 5

...

Ke t e r a n g a n I t + = a d a l a h r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i i m a g o H. a n t o n i i p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g N t a d a l a h r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i n i m f a H. a n t o n i i p a d a b u l a n i n i I P t + = a d a l a h n i l a i d u g a a n r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i i m a g o H . a n t o n i i p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g A . M o d e l d a s a r y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n d u g a h u b u n g a n f u n g - s i o n a l a n t a r a I ~ , z d e n g a n N t a d a l a h d e n g a n A d a n B a d a l a h k o n s t a n t a .

(48)

B. A n a l i s i s r e g r e s i h u b u n g a n a n t a r a I t + = d e n g a n N t d i s a - j i k a n p a d a T a b e l L a m p i r a n 1 2 . T a b e l L a m p i r a n 1 2 . S i d i k Ragam R e g r e s i Hubungan a n t a r It+, d e n g a n Nt

...

Sumber D e r a j a t J u m l a h K u a d r a t

P h r t

F t m h - 0 - 0 0 Keragaman B e b a s K u a d r a t T e n g a h

...

R e g r e s i 1 0.28 0.28 15.16*) 9.73 S i s a 2 2 0.40 0.01

...

T o t a l 2 3 0.68

...

*

Fhit

>

F t - L - 0 - 0 1 b e r a r t i n i l a i

M t

s e c a r a n y a t a m e n e n t u k a n n i l a i I t + = P e r s a m a a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h a d a l a h I t + = = 0.55 S i n (0.25Nt)

+

0.10 C. P e r b a n d i n g a n n i l a i o b s e r v a s i d e n g a n n i l a i d u g a a n d i - garnbarkan d a l a m Gambar L a m p i r a n 3 2 , s e d a n g s e b a r a n n i l a i s i s a y a n g d i s t a n d a r d i s a s i d i g a m b a r k a n d a l a m Gam- b a r L a m p i r a n 3 3 .

(49)

Gambar Lamplran 3 2 . Hubungan a n t a r a N l l a i I t + a Obser-

v a s i d e n g a n N i l a i I Dugaan d a l a m A n a l i s i s Model S i n u s L i n e a r Hubungan a n t a r a I + + = d e n g a n Nt

(50)

Gambar Lampiran 3 3 . S e b a r a n N i l a i S i s a y a n g D i s t a n d a r - d l s a s l d a l a m A n a l i s i s Model S i n u s L l n e a r Hubungan a n t a r a I t + = d e n g a n

(51)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 13. R a t a a n P a d a t P o p u l a s l Imago H. a n t o n l l p a d a B u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g ( I + , = ) , d a n R a t a a n B a n y a k n y a Buah p a d a B u l a n I n 1 (Bt), d a n B a n y a k n y a P o h o n B e r b u a h p a d a B u l a n i n 1 ( P t ) ( A n a l i s i s n o d e l P o l l n o - m i a l O r d o I )

...

N O . It..= Bc Pt I 't+l

...

1 0.0916 5.1268 269 0.2169 2 0.4685 11,. 0175 29 3 0.3872 3 0.7009 23.5712 807 0.7585 4 0.2796 17.7166 776 0.6077 5 0.1472 4.2666 412 0.2124 6 0.0638 1.3972 187 0.0979 7 0.0518 0.774 8 8 0.0640 8 0.1268 1.7472 112 0.0964 9 0.1296 2.9555 324 0.1632 1 0 0.7268 5.9194 261 0.2385 1 1 0.8564 9 -6796 1080 0.4351 1 2 0.1916 6 -0648 1080 0.3488 1 3 0.1611 4.2351 648 0.2446 14 0.2712 1 0 - 0 7 8 7 480 0.3806 1 5 0.6537 9,6759 553 0 - 3 7 7 5 16 0.6583 17.4814 793 0 - 6 0 2 7 1 7 0.6759 13.1027 8 4 8 0.4960 18 0.2675 8.0916 7 7 3 0.3609 19 0.0342 6.1166 57 7 0.2850 20 0.0111 1.687 9 7 0.0923 21 0.0231 0.0796 6 3 0.0394 2 2 0.1037 1.0287 116 0.0759 2 3 0.2027 1.9259 208 0.1164 2 4 0.0490 5.1648 4 9 2 0.2481

...

K e t e r a n g a n I t , = a d a l a h r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i i m a g o H. antonii p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g B t a d a l a h r a t a a n b a n y a k n y a b u a h p a d a b u l a n i n i P t a d a l a h b a n y a k n y a p o h o n b e r b u a h p a d a b u l a n l n l a d a l a h n i l a i d u g a a n r a t a a n p a d a t p o p u l a s i i m a g o p a d a b u l a n y a n g a k a n d a t a n g

(52)

A. Model d a s a r y a n g d i q u n a k a n u n t u k menduga h u b u n g a n f u n q s i o n a l a n t a r a I t , = d e n g a n 3- d a n Pe a d a l a h I t + = = a

+

bBt

+

c P e

+

dBePt d e n g a n a , b , c , d a n d a d a l a h k o n s t a n t a . B . A n a l i s i s r e g r e s i h u b u n g a n a n t a r a I t + = d e n g a n Bt d a n P t d i s a j i k a n p a d a T a b e l L a m p i r a n 14. T a b e l L a m p i r a n 1 4 . S i d i k Ragam R e g r e s i H u b u n g a n a n t a r a I t + = d e n g a n Bt d a n Pt

...

S u m b e r D e r a j a t J u m l a h K u a d z a t F h r t F ~ - - - D - O S K e r a g a m a n B e b a s K u a d r a t T e n g a h R e g r e s i 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 2 22.37*) 9.73 S i s a 2 2 0 . 4 2 0.01

...

T o t a l 23

.

0.84

...

*

F h s e

>

F t I 1 - o - O s b e r a r t i n i l a i Bt d a n P t s e c a r a n y a t a m e n e n t u k a n n i l a i I t + = P e r s a m a a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h a d a l a h C. P e r b a n d i n g a n n i l a i o b s e r v a s i d e n g a n n i l a i d u g a a n d i - q a m b a r k a n d a l a m Garnbar L a m p i r a n 34, s e d a n g s e b a r a n n i l a i s i s a y a n q d i s t a n d a r d i s a s i d i g a m b a r k a n d a l a m G a m - b a r L a m p i r a n 3 5 .

(53)

r b f ?+,?.

6, d a n P,

D

=

t i a s i l o b s e r v a s i = t i a s i l d u g a a n

Gambar Lampiran 3 4 . Hubungan a n t a r a N i l a i I t + = O b s e r - v a s i d e n g a n N i l a i I t - x Dugaan d a l a m Analisis Model P o l i n o r n i a l Ordo I Hubungan a n t a r a I t + = d e n g a n

(54)

G a m b a r L a m p i r a n 3 5 . S e b a r a n N i l a i S i s a yang D i s t a n d a r -

d i s a s i d a l a m A n a l i s i s M o d e 1 P o l i n o m i a l O r d o I H u b u n g a n a n t a r a

(55)

T a b e l Lampiran 1 5 . F r e k u e n s i , P e l u a n g , F r e k u e n s i d a r a p a n Tanaman C o n t o h d a l a m U j i K e s e s u a i a n ( F i t n e s s ) D i s t r i b u s i F r e k u e n s i P o p u l a s i Nimfa H . a n t o n i i

...

P a d a t Popu- F r e k u e n s i P e l u a n g F r e k u e n s i l a s i Nimfa T e r a m a t i ( P ) Hardpan ( X I ( 0 (E)

...

Karena X 2

>

X I k e s i m p u l a n n y a i a l a h n ~ r v n ~ t-b-,. 0 . OI, I- f r e k u e n s i h a r a p a n d i s t r i b u s i P o i s s o n t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n f r e k u e n s i y a n g d i a m a t i . Dengan d e m i k i a n p o p u l a s i n i m f a t i d a k menyebar a c a k .

(56)

T a b e l Lampiran 1 6 . F r e k u e n s i , P e l u a n g , F r e k u e n s i Harapan Tanaman d a l a m Uj i K e s e s u a i a n ( F i t n e s s 1 D i s t r i b u s i F r e k u e n s i P o p u l a s i Imago H . a n t o n i i

...

P a d a t Popu- F r e k u e n s i P e l u a n g F r e k u e n s i

l a s i Nimfa Teramat i ( P 1 Harapan

( x 1 ( 0 ) (El

...

Karena X "

>

X Z k e s i r n p u l a n n y a i a l a h k L t"..l t r b r l O . O b r l e f r e k u e n s i h a r a p a n d i s t r i b u s i P o i s s o n t i d a k s e s u a i d e n g a n f r e k u e n s i y a n g d i a m a t i . Dengan d e m i k i a n p o p u l a s i n i r n f a t i d a k menyebar a c a k .

(57)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 1 7 . N i l a i I n d e k s A g r e g a s l tk). N i m f a H. a n t o n i i p a d a P e n g a m a t a n T a h u n I d a n T a h u n I 1

...

I n d e k s A g r e g a s i ( k ) B u l a n

...

T a h u n I T a h u n I 1 P e r b e d a a n (1982-1983) (1983-1984) ( D l

...

M e 1 0.0096 0.0391 - 0.0295 J u n i 0.0115 0.0373 - 0.0258 J u l i 0.0484 0 - 0 2 9 2 0.0192 A g u s t u s 0.0273 0 -0335

-

0.0062 S e p t e m b e r 0.0132 0.0425

-

0.0293 O k t o b e r 0.0084 0.0425

-

0.0341

.

N o v e m b e r 0.0046 0.0416

-

0.0341 D e s e m b e r 0.0049 0.0055

-

0.0370 J a n u a r i 0.0074 0.0007 0.0067 F e b r u a r i 0.0122 0.0058 0.0064 M a r e t 0 - 0 5 0 5 0.0091 0.0414 Apr i 1 0 -0862 0.0219 0.0743

...

J u m l a h 0.2842 0.3087 - 0.0145 R a t a a n 0.0236 0.0108 0.0128

...

Uli t b e r ~ a s a n a a n K a r e n a t h l t -

>

t t - b - O - ~ = , Z . =

,

K e s i m p u l a n i a l a h p a d a b u l a n y a n g sama i n d e k s a g r e g a s i t a h u n I t i d a k b e r b e d a n y a t a d e n g a n t a h u n I 1

(58)

T a b e l Lampiran 1 8 . P e r b e d a a n N i l a i I n d e k s A g r e g a s i ( K ) P o p u l a s i Imago H. a n t o n i i p a d a P e n g a m a t a n Tahun I d a n Tahun I 1

...

I n d e k s A g r e g a s i ( k ) B u l a n - - - * - Tahun I Tahun 1 I P e q b e d a a n (1982-1983) (1983-1984) ( D l

---

M e i 0.0143 0.0670 - 0.0527 J u n i 0.0141 0 -0442

-

a.0301 J u l i 0.0403 0.0481 - 0.0078 AgustUS 0.0423 0,0610 - 0.0187 s e p t e m b e r 0.0266 0.0610

-

0.0344 O k t o b e r 0.0173 0.0650

-

0.0477 November 0 -0089 0.0726

-

0.0637 Desember 0 -03.26 0.0153

-

0.0027 J a n u a z i 0 - 0 2 6 3 0.0127 0.0136 F e b r u a r i 0.0174 0.0151 0.0023 Maret 0 -1000 0.0150 0.0850 Apr 1 1 0.1421 0.0372 0.1049

...

Jumlah 0.4622 0.5142 - 0.0520 R a t a a n 0.0385 0.0428 - 0.0043

...

Karena t h L t -

<

t t m b - O - O s . l x

,

K e s i m p u l a n i a l a h pads b u l a n y a n g sama i n d e k s a g r e g a s i t a h u n I t i d a k b e r b e d a d e n g a n t a h u n I I

(59)

T a b e l Lampiran 19. Nilai X x , Y', dan l/k untuk

Penghitungan Nilai K umum (K,) Populasi Nimfa H. antonii

...

Y =

B u l a n x a

Y

a l/k =

---

x

=

...

M e i 1 9 8 2 1.2262 75.0828 61.2320 J u n i 1.6911 100.1847 59 - 2 4 2 3 J u l i 16.3812 181.0519 1 1 - 0 5 2 4 Agustus 8.0711 92.0145 11.4004 September 11.6800 28.8653 2.4713 Oktober 0.1031 5.5727 5 4 - 0 5 1 4 November 0.0079 0.6051 76.5449 De s embe r 0.0203 1.1023 54.3004

Januar

i 1 9 8 3 0.1397 27 .8992 199 - 7 0 7 9 Februari 0.3134 9.9068 31,6107 Maret 23.6645 182.2650 7 - 7 0 2 0 Apr i 1 21 - 0 2 5 9 130.2577 6 - 1 9 5 1 M e i 0 - 9 3 9 9 16.1930 1 7 - 2 2 8 4 J u n i 0.4188 5 - 7 8 1 0 13.8037 ~ u l l 1.8200 28 - 2 0 3 9 15.4966 Agustus 10.3208 108.7272 10.5347 September 11.7284 94.5582 8 - 0 6 2 3 Oktober 5.4706 44 - 0 2 1 4 8.0623 November 0.7540 6.3162 8.3769 Desember 0.0012 0.1204 100.3333 Januari 1984 0.000000395 0.0056 14177.2151 Februar i 0.0175 1.9935 1 1 3 - 9 1 4 2 Maret 0.1261 4.9461 39 - 2 2 3 6 Apr 11 2.4659 52 - 1 6 9 2 21.1562

...

J u m l a h 118.387600395 1197.8381

...

* I

x a

diperoleh dari penghitungan Tabel 8 dengan meng-

gunakan rumus ( 1 0 )

* * I y X diperoleh dari penghitungan Tabel 8 d e n g a n meng- gunakan rumus ( 1 1 )

(60)

T a b e l L a m p i r a n 20. Nilai x a , y a , d a n l/k untuk P e n g h i t u n g a n Nilai K u m u m ( K c ) P o p u l a s i Imago H . a n t o n i i

...

B u l a n x Y a, l/k =

----

Y

=

x

=

...

M e 1 1 9 8 2 0.0114 0.4386 38.4736 J u n i 0.0911 0.4421 4.8529 J u l i 0.2164 2.7788 12.8410 Agustus 0.4855 5.4866 11.3009 S e p t e m b e r 0.0768 1.1490 1 4 - 9 6 0 9 O k t o b e r 0.0210 0.5215 24.8333 November 0.0038 0.1832 48.2105 Desember 0.0025 0.1030 31.2000 J a n u a r i 1 9 8 3 0.0154 0.5215 3 3 .8636 F e b r u a r i 0.0162 0 - 5 0 9 7 31.3629 Maret 0.5244 3.4109 6 - 5 0 4 0 Apr il 0.7292 3.5456 4.9994 M e i 0,0362 0.3323 9.1765 J u n i 0.0255 0.3152 . 12.3607 J u l i 0.0723 1.0073 13.9322 Agustus 0.4219 5.2003 12.1106 September 0.4219 5.2003 8.2028 Oktober 0.4530 3.4469 7.6090 November 0 - 0 7 0 8 0.5162 7.2909 Desember 0.0010 0.0508 50 - 8 0 0 0 J a n u a r i 1 9 8 4 0.0001 0.0073 73 .OOOO F e b r u a r i 0 - 0 0 0 4 0.0254 6 3 - 5 0 0 0 Maret 0 - 0 1 0 2 0.4138 4 0 - 5 6 8 6 Apr i 1 0.0402 0 - 6 9 6 8 17.3333

...

J u m l a h 3.7547 34.7249

...

* ) x = d i p e r o l e h d a r i penghitungan Tabel 8 d e n g a n meng- g u n a k a n r u m u s ( 1 0 )

* * )

y x d i p e r o l e h dari penqhitungan Tabel 8 d e n g a n meng- g u n a k a n r u m u s ( 1 1 )

(61)

T a b e l Lampiran 21. P a d a t P o p u l a s i Nimfa

W. a n t o n i i d i

a n t a r a L a p i s a n Pohon Atas d a n Bawah

pada s e t i a p

Jam

Pengamatan

---+---*---

P a d a t P d p u l a s i Nimfa

L a p i s a n

Ulangan

---*---

Pohon

06.00-08.00

08,OO-10.00

10.00-12.00

12.00-14.00

14.00-16.001)

...

1 110.6666

85.0000

13.6666

78.3333

96.3333

2 112.3333

103.3333

98 .OOOO

105.6666

92.6666

A t a s

3 122.0000

126.6666

108.3333

95,0000

64.0000

4 121.1333

123.0000

107.3333

109.0000

164.6666

---*---

Jumlah

466.1332

431.9999

387.3332

387.9999

417.6665

...

R a t a a n

116.5333

109.4999

96.8333

104.4166

---_---+*---e"---+---

1 84.6666

86.3333

98.3333

109.3333

110.3333

2 129.3333

140.6666

137.3333

145,0000

152.0000

B a w a h

3 152.0000

151.0000

152.0000

147.6666

4 142.3333

144.6666

149.3333

117.0000

176.3333

---+-*---

Jumlah

508.3332

522.6665

535.9999

583.3333

586.3332

---+---

R a t a a n

121.0833

130.6666

133.9999

145.8333

146.5833

"

Jam

Pengamatan

P L . J 4

(62)

Tabel Lampiran

22. Padat Populasi Imago

H,

a n t o n i i d i

a n t a r a Lapisan Pohon Atas dan Bawah

pada s e t i a p Jam Pengamatan

- - - + - - - * - - -

Padat Populasi Nimfa

Lapisan

Ulangan

--*---"---"---

Pohon

06.00-08.00

08.00-10.00

10.00-12.00

12.00-14.00

**14.00-16.00*)**

---*-"---

1 3,2000

1.9333

1.4666

0.6666

1.0000

2 2.3333

0,8000

0,7333

1.0666

0.9333

A t a s

3 0.8666

0.6666

0.8000

0.4000

0.5333

4 0.8000

0.2000

0.4666

0.2000

---*---++-+---

Jumlah

7,1999

3,5999

2.4665

2,5998

2.6666

---I-**---"---"--+*++---*---

Rataan

1.7999

0.8999

0.6166

0.6499

0,6666

---*---++---

1 2.2000

1.6000

1.1333

1.4666

1,4666

2 1.1333

1.2000

1.1333

1.2666

1.5333

B a w a h

3 0.9333

0,8000

1.0000

1.0666

4 0.7333

0.1333

0.4000

0.333 0.6666

...

Jumlah

4.999 3.7333

3.6666

4.0665

4.7331

...

Rataan

0.3333

0.9333

0.9166

1.0166

1.1832

* )

Jam Pengamatan

(63)

T a b e l Lampiran 2 3 . D e s k r i p s i Lembah, L e r e n g , d a n B u k i t

...

C i r i - C i r i Lembah L e r e n g Buk i t

...

T i n g g i d a r i per- 5 2 5 - 5 3 5 m 5 5 5 - 5 6 5 m 5 8 5 - 5 9 5 m mukaan l a u t R a t a a n i n t e n s i t a s c a h a y a m a t a h a r i di 1 2 - 1 7 % 2 0 - 2 5 2 0 - 3 0 % bawah t a j u k R a t a a n Rh 9 3 - 4 0 9 9 2 - 9 0 % 9 1 . 6 9 % R a t a a n s u h u 2 2 . 7 3 - C 22-83°C 2 2 . 8 9 - C R a t a a n k a d a r a i r t a n a h R a t a a n kadar a i r bud h Keadaan t a j u k r a p a t j a r a n g j a r a n g