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THE USE OF DISCUSSION TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE
STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL
(A Classroom Action Research Conducted at the First Grade Students of
SMK N 1 Kejobong in Academic Year 2009/2010)
By:
ELING SETIADI
X2208513
THESIS
Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Sebelas Maret University to Fulfil One of Requirements for Achieving
the Undergraduate Degree of English Education
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
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ABSTRACT
Eling Setiadi. X2208513. THE USE OF DISCUSSION TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL (A Classroom Action Research Conducted at the First Grade Students of SMK N 1 Kejobong, in Academic Year 2009/2010). Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. 2010.
This research is a classroom action research. The objectives of this study are to know whether discussion can improve the students’ speaking skill or not and to know some obstacles probably occurred in the process of teaching speaking through discussion. The problem highlighted in the research is the low of students’ speaking skill at the first grade students of SMK N 1 Kejobong in academic year 2009/2010.
This research was carried out in X Computer Engineering and Network class. The procedure of the research consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. In this study, the writer was the practitioner who implemented the discussion technique in teaching learning process. The data are in form of qualitative and quantitative. The quantitative data are taken from the test conducted before and after the actions are implemented. The qualitative data are taken from the result of observation done by the observer while the actions are being carried out.
In this study, the writer found that the problems came from the teacher and the students. The research showed that the teacher was less creative in delivering material. It made students bored in the teaching learning process. He did not involve all students to take role during teaching learning process, so most of them were passive. Besides the teacher, the problems also came from the students. They still got difficulties in using grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. It was seen in the process of teaching learning. It seemed that the students lacked of participation and self confidence in speaking class.
Having collected the data, the writer analyzes the data. In this study, the writer finds that discussion technique can improve students’ speaking skill. It can be seen on students’ performance during teaching and learning process. Students became more active and all students were involved in teaching learning process. It created a better circumstance. Students were more enthusiastic in joining the lesson, so the class became more alive. Furthermore, there was also improvement in students’ achievement. The mean score in pre-test 4.22 increased to 6.76. Thus, the result of the research shows that discussion technique can improve students’ speaking skill in order to become one of appropriate ways in teaching speaking.
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APPROVAL
This thesis has been approved by the consultants to be examined by the board of thesis examiners of the English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta.
On : By :
First Consultant, Second Consultant,
Drs. A. Handoko Pudjobroto 195810261988031001
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APPROVAL OF THE EXAMINERS
This thesis has been examined by the Broad of Thesis Examiners of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University and has been accepted as partial fulfillments of the requirements for getting an Undergraduate Degree of Education in English.
Day :
Date :
Boards of Examiners:
1. Chairman : Drs. Martono, M.A _____________
NIP. 196003011988031004
2. Secretary : Teguh Sarosa, S.S, M.Hum ______________ NIP. 19730205 200604 1001
3. First examiner : Drs. A. Handoko Pudjobroto ______________
NIP. 195810261988031001
4. Second examiner : Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd, M.Pd ______________
NIP. 197808182003122002
Teacher Training and Education Faculty Sebelas Maret University
Dean,
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MOTTO
“M an purposes and God disposes”
“Allah will not give all the thing wanted but Allah will give us all the thing really
needed”
“By the sun and its brightness
By the moon as it follows the sun
By the day as it shows up the sun’s brightness
By the night as it conceals the sun
By the heaven and H im Who built it
By the earth and H im Who spread it
By a soul and H im Who perfected him in proportion
T hen H e showed him what is wrong for him and what is right for him
I ndeed he succeeds who purifices his ownself
And indeed he fails who corrupts his ownself”
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DEDICATION
This thesis is proudly dedicated to: My Beloved Mom and Dad
My Beloved Sister, Brother and Nephew My Beloved Friends
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful. All praises and thanks are only dedicated for Allah SWT, who gives his blessing and help so the writer can finish his thesis.
In the process of his study, he received support, contribution, and assistance from many people. Thus, there are honorable people that are important to the writer to whom he can only express his gratitude:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty for approving this Thesis. 2. The Head of the Art and Language Education Department who has given his
permission to write the thesis.
3. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty for giving the writer permission to write the thesis.
4. Drs. A. Handoko Pudjobroto, the writer’s first consultant for his patience, guidance, and suggestions.
5. Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd, M.Pd, the writer’s second consultant for his patience, guidance, and suggestions.
6. Drs. Sutarno as the headmaster of SMK N 1 Kejobong for facilitating the writer in collecting the data.
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8. The students of the tenth class of Computer Engineering and Network for the cooperation during the research.
9. His beloved parents for uncountable love, support, help, prayer, understanding, and everything that they give to the writer.
10. His beloved sister, brother in law and little nephew for being inspiration and supporting behind.
11. His beloved best friends (Nova, Amel, Dhian, Pipiet, Andre and Simbeh) for being second family, I am nothing without your presence, from the bottom of my heart I just want to say “I love you all”.
12. His beloved friends in “Neverland” boarding house for the friendship.
13. His friends in teacher qualification program in academic year 2008/2009 for the beautiful relationship.
The writer realizes that this thesis still has many mistakes and inaccuracies. Therefore, he accepts gratefully every suggestions, critics, and comments from those who concern to this thesis. I hope that this thesis will be able to give contribution and be useful for the readers especially for those who are interested in the similar study.
Surakarta, April 2010
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ... ix
CHAPTER II. THEORICAL REVIEW A. Teaching English Based on Age Level ... 7
B. Concept of Speaking Skill ... 10
1. Speaking ... 10
2. Skill in Speaking ... 12
3. Problems and Solutions with Speaking Activity ... 16
4. The Criteria of a Successful Speaking Activity ... 19
C. Discussion ... 20
1. Definition of Discussion ... 20
2. Types of Discussion ... 22
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4. Teacher Roles and Requirements of Good Discussion ... 25
5. Phases in Discussion ... 28
6. The Strength and Weaknesses of Discussion ... 29
D. Rationale ... 30
E. Hypothesis ... 31
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Setting of the Research ... 32
B. Research Subject ... 33
C. Research Method ... 34
D. Techniques of Collecting Data ... 39
E. Techniques of Analyzing Data ... 41
CH APTER IV. THE RESULT OF STUDY A. The Action Processes ... 43
B. Research Findings ... 74
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 76
B. Implication ... 77
C. Suggestion ... 78
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 80
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LIST OF APPENDICES
The Pre-Research Observation Result ... 83
The Interview Report ... 86
Field Notes ... 98
The Researcher’s and Students’ Diary ... 114
Lesson Plan ... 117
Pre-Test and Post-Test Blue Print ... 127
The Criteria of Speaking Test ... 128
Students’ Test Result ... 129
The Students’ Presence List ... 138
The Photographs ... 139
Syllabus ... 141
Teaching Materials ... 142
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PRE RESEARCH OBSERVATION
Class : X Computer Engineering and Network Class of SMK N 1 Kejobong Day/ Date : Wednesday, 25th January 2010
Time : 12.45-13.35 pm
Students : 41, 8 males and 33 females Teacher : Sidik Purnomo, S.Pd (SP) Observer : Eling Setiadi (ES)
The Setting Description
The observation is carried out in the tenth class of Computer Engineering and Network, SMK N 1 Kejobong. The class is located behind the administration office. The indoor paint wall is white and the outdoor paint wall is green. The class is 7.5 meter and 7 meter wide. It has glasses windows in the north and the south side of the class. On the ceiling of the class, there are four 60-centimeter lamps. On the back wall, there is a red circle clock hanging.
The chairs and desks are arranged facing to the blackboard. There are 21 desks and 42 chairs for the students, and there is a chair and a desk next to the blackboard. Actually, the class seems to be too full.
In front of students’ seat, there is a big blackboard, with two pictures hung on of the right and left side of the blackboard. A calendar, a lesson schedule, and a presence board are hung on the left side of the blackboard. Brooms and dusters are hung on the wall close to the door. The class looks very clean and fresh.
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The picture of X Computer Engineering and Network Class
Notes:
1. Blackboard 5. Students’ Chair
2. Teacher’s Desk 6. Observer
1
4
5
6 2
3
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3. Teacher’s Chair 7. Clock
4. Students’ Desk
The class, which was used for observation, was X Computer Engineering and Network class. English was started at 12.45 p.m. Teacher SP and researcher entered the class after the electric bell had rung. At the beginning of lesson, teacher SP opened the class with greeting. It was the first time the researcher came to the class. The students seemed to be curious when the researcher stepped into the class. The researcher was like a strange one for the teacher. It could be seen from their face who looked a lot of questions on it and I could see excitement on their face. First of all, the English teacher introduced him to the students and told them that he would use the class for try out in order to get the Bachelor Degree.
After introduction, the teacher started the class. The lesson at that time was speaking class. All of students immediately opened their bag and take English book/LKS. The teacher asked them to open page 24. There was a short conversation script about holiday. In the first turn, the students were asked to read and identify some difficult words. Some students looked into the dictionary to find the word meaning in Bahasa Indonesian while the other students seemed to be sleepy or had a chat with other students. After the students got the meaning, they asked to pronounce the words one by one. From this activity, the researcher found a lot of mistakes in pronouncing the words.
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Topic : Teaching learning process and students’ educational background
Interview Transcript
The interview was conducted in the teacher office. The place was chosen because there was little noise. It was conducted in leisure time, at 09.15 p.m. and spent less than 20 minute.
ES : Sebelumnya saya mau tanya nama lengkap dan alamatnya?
SP : Sidik Purnomo, alamatnya di Desa Nangkod RT 01 RW 02 Kecamatan Kejobong.
ES : Sudah berapa lama mengajar di sekolah ini? SP : Saya sudah mengajar di sekolah ini hampir 2 tahun ES : Penglaman di sekolah lain?
SP : Saya sudah pernah mengajar di SMK Makmur Cilacap, SMK Muhammadiyah Ajibarang, MTs Muhammadiyah 07 Kejobong.
ES : Untuk pembelajaran di sini di SMKN 1 Kejobong, khususnya di kelas TKJ biasanya siswa aktif tidak?
SP : Kalau aktif atau tidak, saya kira sama dengan sekolah lain. Mungkin ada sebagian yang aktif dan ada sebagian yang tidak karena merasa tidak PD (percaya diri).
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SP : Saya mengacu kepada sekolah lain, karena SMK ini adalah SMK baru jadi saya menggunakan syllabus yang digunakan oleh SMK lain yang sudah lama berdiri.
ES : Background siswa sendiri, termasuk dalam qualified atau belum?
SP : Belum, kalau dikatakan qualified. Karena kita memakai standar kabupaten, dimana semua kompetensi menguasai. Sedang murid murid di sini berasal dari sekolah-sekolah pinggiran, yang tidak semua kompetensi dalam bahasa Inggris diberikan.
ES : Adakah media penunjang yang digunakan untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar, seperti lab bahasa atau referensi buku-buku bahasa Inggris?
SP : Sementara lab bahasa di sini belum ada, jadi masih mengadakan media seadanya. Untuk speaking sendiri biasanya kita membuka kasus dengan menggunakan bantuan modul. Sedangkan untuk listening bisanya masih manual, saya membacakan dan siswa mendengarkan.
ES : Untuk speaking sendiri, biasanya kegiatan yang dilakukan seperti apa?
SP : Untuk speaking sendiri, biasanya kita masuk materi dengan membuka dialog. Dengan membahas materi yang pernah diulas/ diberikan.
ES : Ada jam tertentu atau pertemuan tertentu untuk kegiatan speaking?
SP : Kita masih mencampurkan antara 4 kompetensi yang ada, jadi kadang ada listening dalam kegiatan speaking.
ES : Untuk aspek lain seperti grammar, pronunciation, dan vocabulary, apakah siswa mengalami masalah?
SP : Ya, grammar dan pronunciation. Untuk grammar kadang mereka tidak tahu sama sekali tentang pola kalimatnya dan pronunciation mereka mengalami kesuliatan karena biasanya merupakan bawaan dari SMP. Kita berusaha untuk mengatasi kesulitan tersebut, dengan memberikan semua kompetensi yang ada.
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SP : Untuk SMK bisanya pelajaran yang diberikan masih sangat simple, maka perlu sekali adanya peningkatan. Kalau kita hanya berpatokan pada kurikulum yang ada, nanti ada banyak hal yang mereka tidak dapatkan. Karena bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa universal, mereka musti tau banyak hal yang tidak tercantum dalam kurikulum.
ES : Adakah jam tambahan atau ekstrakulikuler bahasa Inggris di SMKN 1 Kejobong ini?
SP : Sementara belum ada, sebenarnya ada program berbicara bahasa Inggris penuh dalam satu hari, English day tapi belum bisa berjalan. Sedangkan untuk les atau ekstrakulikuler disini belum ada.
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FIELDNOTE OF STUDENTS’ INTERVIEW
Place : Library
Date : Thursday, 28th January 2010 Interviewer : Eling Setiadi (ES)
Interviewees :
1. Ummi Sulastri (US) 2. Uswatun Khasanah (UK)
Topic : Teaching learning process and students’ educational background
The First Interview Transcript
I came to library at 09.00 a.m. I had wait for 30 minutes to meet the interviewees in this room. After 30 minutes waiting, the interviewees came into the room and I told them the interview topic. I conducted the interview in bahasa Indonesia. There were two interviewees. They are Ummi Sulastri and Uswatun Khasanah. I interviewed them one by one starting from Ummi sulastri.
First Session
ES : Menurutmu bahasa Inggris penting ga?
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ES : Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, ada empat skill yaitu listening, speaking, reading dan writing. Dari empat skill itu menurut mu mana yang paling sulit?
US : Speaking
ES : Kenapa menurutmu itu sulit?
US : Karena biasanya susah dalam pengucapannya.
ES : Ada beberapa aspek dalam speaking, contohnya ada vocabulary, grammar dan pronunciation. Dari ketiga itu, menurut mu menjadi masalah ga? US : Ya, kadang agak menjadi masalah.
ES : Menurutmu pelajaran bahasa Inggris di sekolah sudah cukup baik belum? US : Masih kurang baik, karena praktek speakingnya masih kurang karena
biasanya hanya nulis.
ES : Jadi selama ini belum ada praktek speaking? US : Ya belum pernah.
ES : Padahal kalian ingin? US : Ya, ingin.
ES : Pada waktu proses belajar mengajar siswa aktif ga? US : Ya seperti itu, kadang aktif kadang tidak.
ES : Biasanya mereka cuman duduk mendengarkan latihan. Untuk praktek speakingnya jarang?
US : Ya, jarang.
ES : Dalam kegiatan speaking, biasanya disuruh berbicara atau diskusi tidak? US : Engga tuh, malah kayaknya engga pernah speaking.
ES : Dalam pembelajaran, apakah guru mendominasi dalam proses belajar mengajar?
US : Biasanya guru yang lebih banyak ngomong.
ES : Kemudian media pembelajaran yang digunakan biasanya apa? US : Biasanya cuman LKS.
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ES : Menurutmu caranya seperti apa?
US : Guru menyuruh siswa maju kedepan untuk mencoba belajar speaking di depan kelas. Selain itu dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa. ES : Sejauh ini, kamu biasanya berlatih speaking dengan siapa?
US : Saya biasanya belajar bahasa di rumah dengan teman-teman. ES : Selain belajar bahasa Inggris di sekolahan, ada media lain ga untuk
meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa Inggris mu?
US : Saya biasanya nonton film atau mendengarkan lagu dari luar negeri. ES : Ikut les bahasa Inggris ga ?
US : Ga.
ES : Seandainya kamu disuruh maju berbicara menggunakan bahasa Inggris malu ga?
US : Mungkin takut ada kesalahan dan kadang kurang PD.
ES : Media lain yang digunakan untuk belajar bahasa Inggris bervariasi ga? US : biasanya hanya LKS.
ES : Di sekolah ini ada ekstrakulikuler bahasa Inggris ga? US : Ga ada.
ES : Seandainya diadakan, suka ga? US : Suka.
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Second Session
ES : Siapa namamu? UK : Uswatun Khasanah ES : Rumahnya?
UK : di Pengadegan, tepatnya di desa karangjoho RT02 RW01 ES : suka bahasa Inggris ga?
UK : Kadang suka, tapi lebih suka matematika ES : kenapa lebih suka matematika?
UK : ya…asik aja
ES : Menurutmu bahasa Inggris penting ga?
UK : Penting, karena di era globalisasi sekarang ini ada pasar global. Dimana bahasa Inggris digunakan sebagai bahasa pengantar.
ES : Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, ada empat skill yaitu listening,
speaking,reading dan writing. Dari empat skill itu menurut mu mana yang paling sulit?
UK : Speaking dan listening ES : Kenapa menurutmu itu sulit?
UK : Karena biasanya dalam bahasa Inggris antara tulisan dan pengucapan beda ES : Ada beberapa aspek dalam speaking, contohnya ada vocabulary, grammar
dan pronunciation. Dari ketiga itu, menurut mu menjadi masalah ga? UK : Ya, menjadi masalah. Terutama vocabulary.
ES : Menurutmu pelajaran bahasa Inggris di sekolah sudah cukup baik belum? UK : belum.
ES : alasannya?
UK : media yang digunakan kurang bervariasi dan guru bisanya lebih mendominasi dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar.
ES : ada pertemuan yang dikhususkan untuk speaking ga?
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ES : siswa aktif ga dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar?
UK : ada yang aktif ada yang engga, tapi kebanyakan guru yang aktif ngomong. ES : menurutmu kegiatan belajar mengajar perlu dikembangkan ga?terutama
speaking.
UK : sangat perlu, untuk bisa kepentingan di dunia kerja nantinya.
ES : seandainya dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, siswa diikut sertakan dalam proses belajar mengajar kamu senang ga?
UK : Ya senang. Supaya lebih kompeten ES : di rumah sering latihan bahasa Inggris ga?
UK : Ya, biasanya lewat sms dengan teman, buka-buka kamus untuk menambah vocabulary, kadang mendengarkan musik tapi ga tau artinya.
ES : kalau film suka ga? UK : Ya suka.
ES : kalau dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris diperbanyak kegiatan speaking gimana?
UK : Ya, senang.
ES : Di sekolah ini ada ekstrakulikuler bahasa Inggris ga?
UK : Ga ada. Dulu katanya mau ada kelas intensif untuk bahasa Inggris dan science tapi sampai sekarang belum jalan.
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FIELDNOTE OF STUDENTS’ INTERVIEW
Place : Library
Date : Friday, 29th January 2010 Interviewer : Eling Setiadi (ES)
Interviewees :
1. Agustriani (AT)
2. Noviatun (NA) and Rica (R)
Topic : Teaching learning process and students’ educational background
The Second Interview Transcript
I came to library at 09.00 a.m. I had prepared recorder and interview transcript before. After 5 minutes waiting, the interviewees came into the room and I told them the interview topic. I conducted the interview in bahasa Indonesia. There were three interviewees. They are Agustriani, Noviatun and Rica. Agustriani became the first interviewee, and two last girls were interviewed together.
First Session
ES : kenapa suka bahasa Inggris?
AT : Karena untuk kedepan sangat berguna, khususnya untuk dunia kerja. ES : karena bahasa Inggris itu penting, biasanya kamu belajar dimana saja selain
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AT : dirumah, dulu waktu masih MTs saya ikut kursus tapi sekarang tidak. ES : Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, ada empat skill yaitu listening,
speaking,reading dan writing. Dari empat skill itu menurut mu mana yang paling sulit?
AT : itu yang ada rumus-rumusnya
ES : berarti grammarnya!kalau pronounciation jadi masalah ga? AT : ya, kadang susah
ES : Menurutmu pelajaran bahasa Inggris di sekolah sudah cukup aktif belum? AT : belum.
ES : dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris, apakah guru lebih mendominasi dalam pembelajaran?
AT : iya, guru lebih sering menjelaskan atau memberikan tugas-tugas. ES : kegiatan speaking sendiri gimana?apakah sering dilakukan guru. AT : Belum. Masih sangat kurang.
ES : media yang digunakan apa? AT : LKS.
ES : yang lain ga ada? AT : jarang
ES : menurutmu pembelajaran bahasa Inggris pelu ditingkatkan ga?
AT : Ya perlu, sebagai siswa SMK kita harus menguasai bahasa Inggris apalagi untuk terjun di dunia kerja.
ES : sudah pernah berbicara atau latihan dengan native speaker?contohnya mungkin waktu wisata di SMP ketemu dengan orang bule kamu berlatih berbicara gitu!
AT : belum pernah.
ES : kalau dirumah? Tadi kan ada temanmu ada yang bilang katanya mereka latihan sendiri melalu sms, kalau kamu?
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AT : mungkin tidak karena dulu waktu masih belajar di MTs berlatih melalui pidato dengan menggunakan bahasa Inggris.
ES : menurutmu pelajaran bahasa Inggris di SMK ini masih perlu ditingkatkan ga?
AT : Ya perlu.
ES : kalau dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris diperbanyak kegiatan speaking gimana?
AT : Ya, senang.
ES : seandainya di sekolah ini ada ekstrakulikuler bahasa Inggris kamu senang ga?
AT : Ya, senang.
ES : Saya kira cukup untuk informasi yang saya dapat. Terima kasih.
Second Session
NA : Noviatun, asal saya Karangjoho
ES : saya ingin Tanya kalian tentang pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di SMK ini. Kalian sendiri suka bahasa Inggris ga?
R : suka tapi ga bisa. NA : saya juga suka.
ES : kenapa suka bahasa Inggris?
R : yang pertama unik dan kedua penting untuk kedepan, terutama untuk dunia kerja.
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ES : Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, ada empat skill yaitu listening,
speaking,reading dan writing. Dari empat skill itu menurut mu mana yang paling sulit?
R : Berbicara Na : Menulis
ES : di sini ada kelas tersendiri untuk kegiatan speaking? R : ga ada. Jarang sekali.
ES : menurutmu perlu dikembangkan ga kompetensi bahasa Inggris di sini? NA : ya perlu banget, karena untuk kedepan dapat dijadikan modal kerja ES : di kelas bahasa Inggris siswa aktif ga?
NA : kadang aktif, karena gurunya galak.hehehehe…… ES : kalian belajar bahasa dimana saja.
NA : cuman di sekolah.
ES : kalau dirumah juga ga pernah?
R : Ya, paling lewat sms. Kadang nonton film atau mendengarkan musik. ES : di sini kan ga ada ekstrakulikuler bahasa Inggris, seandainya diadakan
kalian mau ikut ga? NA & R : Mau.
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FIELDNOTES
Meeting : 1st meeting in cycle 1
Class : X Computer Engineering and Network Class of SMKN1 Kejobong Day/ Date : Wednesday, 3rd February 2010
Time : 07.00-09.00 pm
Object : teaching and learning process led by teacher ES Observer : Mr. SP
The Setting Description
The class is clean and the atmosphere is very fresh. English is the first lesson of the day. The students have been ready to study English. The writer, Eling Setiadi, will lead the teaching learning process and the observer of the teaching learning process is Mr. Sidik Purnomo.
The teaching and learning process
07.00
The teacher and the observer are walking toward to the class after the bell has rung. The teacher knocks the door and enters the class. The teacher asks the leader of the class to lead the opening prayer. After that, the observer walks backward to have a seat.
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The teacher greets the students and checks students attendance based on the students’ presence list. Unfortunately, there are two students absent because of sick. The teacher asks whether they have homework or not, and actually there is no homework.
07.10
The teacher begins the lesson by asking some students questions. The boy sits on the corner becoming the lucky number one. The teacher asks him with very simple question “what is your father?” and he spontaneously answers the question “my father is Riyanto”. Then the teacher asks the other students with same question. Most of the students’ answers are similar with the first lucky boy. The teacher just smiles at them. The class tends to be silent when the teacher gives strong deep question “Do you understand what I mean?”, the students answer my question “No, sir” loudly. The teacher explains the point of question “yang saya tanyakan ke kalian itu, apa pekerjaan ayahmu bukan menanyakan siapa nama ayahmu!” and whole of them reply my explanation with “Oooo…itu to artinya”.
07.20
The teacher tries to take the students’ attention by telling the new topic for today. The teacher tells them that he will explain them about describing profession. The students look interested in the topic.
07.25
The teacher asks the students listen to a short text about Robert’s Occupation. The class starts to become little bit crowded when the teacher is reading the text. To keep the class being silent, the teacher tells them that there would be some questions must be answered after all. The noise decreases. Through the process of listening, students don’t make noise any longer.
07.30
After listening to the descriptive text, the teacher gives some related questions for some of them randomly. The task is to quest what Robert is. Fortunately, most of them give right answer.
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After the questions finished, the teacher asks two students to read the text and the other students identify some difficult words. The teacher writes some words and pronounces the right pronunciation forward the class.
07.45
Going to the main activity, the teacher explains the generic structure of descriptive text such as identification and description in order to explain language features. The language features occurred in descriptive text is simple present tense and adjective. The teacher explains about the pattern and functions of simple present tense.
08.05
After the explanation, one by one the students make some examples on the blackboard. Most of the examples are well done, so the teacher gives them the other exercises.
08.15
The researcher hands out a paper filled by some incorrect words in a short paragraph. In pair, the students have to identify the incorrect one and change into the correct one. The process runs well because they are able to finish the entire exercises well.
08.25
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FIELDNOTES
Meeting : 2nd meeting in cycle 1
Class : X Computer Engineering and Network Class of SMKN1 Kejobong Day/ Date : Thursday, 3rd February 2010
Time : 07.00-09.00 pm
Object : teaching and learning process led by teacher ES Observer : Mr. SP
The Setting Description
The students wear blue uniform. The writer shirt and the observer wears batik. The writer, Eling Setiadi, will lead the teaching learning process and the observer of the teaching learning process is Mr. Sidik Purnomo.
The teaching and learning process
07.00
The teacher and the observer have been ready to enter the class. They walk toward to the class when the electric bell has been ringing. The teacher knocks the door and enters the class. The teacher asks the leader of the class to lead the opening prayer. After that, the observer walks backward to have a seat.
07.05
xxxiii
crowded and some of them murmur. Finally, the teacher divides them into some groups in which each group consists of 8 members.
07.10
The students seek their own group and try to get comfortable seat. After all the students get their own group, the teacher tells them the discussion rules. The rules are written on the blackboard and the teacher explains it clearly. After telling the rules, he asks “do you understand what you have to do?” and they answers “not yet”. The teacher tries to retell the rules in the second time.
07.15
The teacher spreads a picture for all groups. Each group has to describe the picture based on the situation. The students start to do the discussion in their own group. The noise is rising; the teacher claps his hands to warn some students. A leader of the class also warns “Silent please!” and the class discussion runs better. To make all the members active in a discussion, the teacher goes around the group and gives some passive students questions. A boy with pointed hair is questioned by the teacher “How many people are there?”, he just smiles and doesn’t understand with the question point.
07.35
The teacher gives them a chance to ask some difficulties to him. Some students ask about certain words in English such as “mengoprasikan komputer, pengantar pizza, menelpon, mengecek”. The discussion has spent in adequate time and the teacher says “have you finished?” lots of them say “Not yet, Sir!”. The injury time is only 5 minutes given to them to finish the assignment and the class is going to be crowded. The teacher tells them that each group has to choose one volunteer to come forward and describe the picture based on the discussion.
xxxiv
There are five representative students in the class. One by one, they explains the picture forward their peers. A girl from group four carries out the first performance, she looks confidence and quite good in fluency. After she presents her performance, the students give loud applause for it. She has a chance to choose the next presenter. The second performance done by group two, her body shacks gradually when she is telling the description. Group three does the third performance, she tells the description well but less of expression occurred in the process of describing. Actually, the students enchanted with her performance and the class becomes silent. Group five delivers the fourth performance, there is little communication and she tends being to be speechless. The class arises crowded when a boy is coming forward to be the last group. He tells the explanation with many pauses and no expression at all.
08.15
Before closing the second meeting, the teacher revises some mispronouncing words and the students reply what the teacher pronounced. The teacher tells the way to be relaxed and confidence delivering performance in front of the other students, and then he chooses the best speaker of the day. It is aimed to give them motivation in speaking class.
08.25
xxxv
FIELDNOTES
Meeting : 3rd meeting in cycle 1
Class : X Computer Engineering and Network Class of SMKN1 Kejobong Day/ Date : Monday, 9th February 2010
Time : 12.45-13.30 pm
Object : teaching and learning process led by teacher ES Observer : Mr. S
The Setting Description
The students wear white and grey uniform. The sky looks cloudy and it will get rain. English is the last lesson; the students seem to be little bit tired. The writer, Eling Setiadi, will lead the teaching learning process and the observer of the teaching learning process is Mr. Sidik Purnomo. The writer wears long sleeves white shirt and the observer wears checked shirt.
The teaching and learning process
07.00
The teacher and the observer have prepared themselves well. They walk toward to the class when the electric bell has been ringing. The teacher knocks the door and enters the class.
07.05
The teacher greets the students and checks the students’ attendance. There is no missing student. All of them are present. The teacher tells the students that today they will have speaking class. They have to come forward present a picture and one by one, they describe the picture that has been prepared before.
07.10
xxxvi
sew, catch etc. There are some mispronouncing words produced by students and then the teacher gave correctness. Whole students pronounce the correct pronunciations.
07.15
After that, he states that today activity will be begun. The class arises becoming little bit crowded and they look ready to perform. After all the students have already prepared their need, the teacher gives a chance to the students who want to be the first volunteer. There is a veiling girl coming forward the class and the other peers give loud applause for the first performance. The boys sit in back line say “prikitiew…”. She describes the picture quite well but sometimes she speaks with lots of pauses.
07.20
In the second chance, the teacher chooses the next performer randomly. The class is little bit crowded when one of their friends explains the picture forward the class. The next performer is short boy who sits in the middle line of chairs. He is Doni. His friends clap their hands loudly when he starts to explain the pictures. The English teacher asks the students to keep silent and pay attention to the one who is presenting the explanation. The atmosphere is getting much better and they begin to pay attention. Doni looks confidence and little pauses in presenting the picture. Doni’s performance is over; the others are in turn.
07.25
The performance is still in progress. Some students pay attention but the other are busy practicing the description in slow voice but it still can be heard. One by one, they describe the picture until the time is 10 minutes remaining. They are laughing, smiling, murmuring when one of them perform in the class.
08.20
xxxvii
she looks confident and speaks fluently in front of class. The classroom becomes silent when she is describing the picture.
08.25
xxxviii
FIELDNOTES
Meeting : 1rd meeting in cycle 2
Class : X Computer Engineering and Network Class of SMKN 1 Kejobong Day/ Date : Wednesday, 10th February 2010
Time : 07.00-08.30 pm
Object : teaching and learning process led by teacher ES Observer : Mr. SP
The Setting Description
The students wear blue uniform. The atmosphere is actually very fresh because English is the first lesson today. As usual, the writer, Eling Setiadi, will lead the teaching learning process and the observer of the teaching learning process is Mr. Sidik Purnomo. The writer wears white shirt and the observer wears batik.
The teaching and learning process
07.00
Similar with other day, the teacher enters the class after the bell has rung calling the students join the lesson today. Greeting and checking students’ attendance are two ordinary activities of opening. After that, the teacher asks whether there is homework and the students say that there is no homework today.
07.05
After five minutes passed, the teacher reviews the last meeting before he continues the main activity. He tells some mispronouncing words such as “would like, introduce, idol”, grammatical usage such as “long blonde hair, long nose, hair short”, and less of expressions in previous presentation.
07.10
xxxix
appearance is?”, a girl sits in backward reply the question” physical appearance is penampilan fisik seseorang”. The teacher shows a thumb up. After telling the topic of today meeting, the teacher shows off a beautiful artist picture, she is Luna Maya. The teacher asks the class “Who is she?” and the whole students enthusiastically answer the question “She is Luna Maya.”.
07.15
to encourage students’ interest, the teacher gives the other questions continually, such as about her marital status, her boy friend, her occupation, her business and many more. The class is more active because most of them try to answer the questions.
07.20
Furthermore, the teacher asks about Luna’s physical appearance to the students. The answers mostly correct but the structure is incorrect grammatically, such as hair long, eyes round, hair straight etc.
07.25
The next step activity is writing some adjectives dealing with physical appearance on black board. The teacher pronounced the adjective correctly and so do the students. The teacher starts explaining the adjectives more detail.
07.35
When the material has totally given, the researcher hands out some exercises related to the topic. The students look enthusiastic to do the exercises because they just have to describe the pictures based on the picture given.
07.45
The last activity, the teacher reads short text entitled “My Friend Lara” and the students listen to the description seriously. After the description, they have to do the exercises collaboratively with her/his friends. The class is more manageable than the previous meeting. The English teacher helps the researcher by controlling them one by one.
08.00
xl
08.10
In addition, the teacher gives them short material about how to give personal comment and expressions for conversation/ gambits. The teacher taught them this material because most of them are still lack of confidence and they do not understand how to give personal comment and expressions for conversation/ gambits.
08.25
xli
FIELDNOTES
Meeting : 2nd meeting in cycle 2
Class : X Computer Engineering and Network Class of SMKN1 Kejobong Day/ Date : Thursday, 11th February 2010
Time : 07.00-09.00 pm
Object : teaching and learning process led by teacher ES Observer : Mr. S
The Setting Description
The students wear blue uniform. The writer, Eling Setiadi, will lead the teaching learning process and the observer of the teaching learning process is Mr. Sidik Purnomo. The writer and the observer wears batik shirt.
The teaching and learning process
07.00
The teacher and the observer have been ready to enter the class. They walk toward to the class when the electric bell has been ringing. The teacher knocks the door and enters the class. The teacher asks the leader of the class to lead the opening prayer. After that, the observer walks backward to have a seat.
07.05
The teacher tells them that there is a discussion class today. The class has been split into 10 small group discussions before today’s meeting and they join in their own group. The class are likely manageable and they do not make any noise in classroom.
07.10
xlii
physical appearance and occupation forward the other students and at the last, the other groups guess who the idol is by using Yes-No questions.
07.15
After the groups understand the rule of the discussion, they start to discuss the topic. All of them participate in the discussion actively. The teacher goes around the discussion groups. The time given is over; the teacher begins to invite the group randomly. Group 2 takes the first chance. The students clap their hands when group two is coming to present their task. The leader of group two starts to describe their idol in front of their peers. The presenter starts to describe idol’s physical appearance such as “He has black short hair, he is medium high……”. The class is no noise any longer. The students keep listening to the description curiously. At the certain time, they seem to discuss about the description told with other members in one group. The description is totally presented by the lucky number one and questions and answer session is started then. Most of them raise their hand and try to ask some questions. This session looks lively because they try to be faster asking the questions. A group stops a veiling girl because her question is too much.
07.25
The situation keeps going until the last group. In addition, the motivation to take part in discussion increases.
08.30
xliii
FIELDNOTES
Meeting : 3rd meeting in cycle 2
Class : X Computer Engineering and Network Class of SMKN1 Kejobong Day/ Date : Monday, 15th February 2010
Time : 12.45-13.30 pm
Object : teaching and learning process led by teacher ES Observer : Mr. SP
The Setting Description
The students wear white and grey uniform. English is the last lesson of the day, the students seem to be little bit tired. The writer, Eling Setiadi, will lead the teaching learning process and the observer of the teaching learning process is Mr. Sidik Purnomo. The writer wears long sleeves white shirt and the observer wears checked shirt.
The teaching and learning process
07.00
The teacher and the observer have prepared themselves well. They walk toward to the class when the electric bell has been ringing. The teacher knocks the door and enters the class. Speaking test has been planned for today activity.
07.05
xliv
to prepare the oral test. Some of them look into dictionary or ask to their friends. Whole students have been ready to describe their idol.
07.20
Based on the students’ presence list, the teacher and teacher SP invite them one by one. The first performance is done by Uswatun Khasanah. She describes a Hollywood actor who plays in Harry Potter Trilogy. She seems to be relax and confidence in her performance. In previous meeting, she usually looks nervous in describing picture. The performance is better than the last activity. They look very confidence and do less of mistakes in speaking.
07.25
Most students look confidence in turn of describing their idol. In queue, they come forward presenting their performance well. The accuracy and fluently absolutely increase.
08.30
xlv
Researcher’s and Students’ Diary
A. Researcher’s Diary
The technique conducted to the students could create alive atmosphere in teaching learning process, especially in speaking. Students felt confidence and they were not afraid of speaking English. after they had been treated until second cycle, there was good progression. Researcher took some representatives students whose progression increased. They are:
1. Student US
She was active and confidence student. She was fast student, she replied the question correctly. She had sufficient vocabulary, good grammar and good pronunciation. She always tried hard to speak well. Unfortunately, she had less of expression and didn’t understand the way to give personal response. After being treated, she showed a good improvement. She also knew how to give personal response or expressions appropriately and speak naturally. In accuracy test she got 3.5 (pre-test), 4 (1st post test) and 4.5 (2nd post test). While in fluency she got score 3.5 (pre-test), 4 (1st post test) and 4.5 (2nd post test).
2. Student DH
xlvi
After the treatment, he had good self confidence in speaking. He had larger vocabulary, grammar mastery and good pronunciation. He rarely made mistakes in speaking. He had good progression in speaking which could be seen on the test score. In accuracy test she got 3 (pre-test), 3.5 (1st post test) and 4 (2nd post test). While in fluency she got score 2.5 (pre-test), 3.5 (1st post test) and 4 (2nd post test).
B. Students’ Diary
“Menurut saya pembelajaran seperti ini sangat asik dan menyenangkan kita
bukan hanya belajar tapi kita bermain dan bertukar pikiran. Kita santai tapi
sambil berfikir. Semenjak Pak Eling ngajar di sini saya jadi semangat belajar
bahasa Inggris walaupun saya tidak bisa.”
“I am very happy.”
“Menurut saya dengan belajar speaking dengan cara seperti ini sangat efektif
karena setiap siswa jadi bisa bertanya dan tidak ada yang nganggur.”
“Menurut saya menyenangkan dan asik.”
“Menurut saya belajar seperti ini bagus, mengasikan dan membuat siswa aktif
dan tidak membosankan.”
“Suka, karena mlatih kepercayaan diri di depan orang banyak.”
“Thanks a lot, because of you I feel confidence to learn speaking in English.”
“Mapel bhs.Inggris dalam 2 minggu ini sungguh menyenangkan. Karena dalam
KBM itu kita santai tapi serious. Apalagi dalam pelajaran tersebut terdapat
xlvii “You are the best teacher.”
“Saya menyukai pelajaran speaking ini, saat pertama saya sebenarnya takut
tapi akhirnya saya senang dengan pelajaran ini. Karena menyenangkan dan
membuat saya menjadi PD dan agak lancar berbicara.”
“Pembelajarannya menyenangkan walaupun cara pembelajaran pertama agak
kayak gitu, tapi hari kedua dan selanjutnya menyenangkan dan mengasikan.“
“Saya menyukai pembelajaran speaking yang telah dilaksanakan. Walaupun
pertama saya takut tetapi saya akhirnya berani untuk speaking.”
“Menurut saya cara mengajar Pak Eling sangat menyenangkan dan asik,
walaupun saya tidak begitu suka bahasa Inggris . yah saya coba2 berbahasa
Inggris cap cis cus ga jelas! Tapi saya seneng....”
“Menurut saya belajar bahasa Inggris itu menyenangkan terutama diajar oleh
Pak Eling.”
“Pelajarannya menyenangkan, sante nyambung dan gampang dimengerti. Yang
penting gurune jg nyenengin, gampang berinteraksi, sopan dan pembelajaran
yang diberikan dg cara yang menyenangkan.”
“Saya rasa pembelajaran yang diberikan sangat baik dan saya suka
xlviii
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(LESSON PLAN FOR CYCLE I)
Nama Sekolah : SMKN 1 Kejobong Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/semester : 1 TKJ/ Semester Genap Kemampuan Dasar : Berbicara
Pertemuan : 1 – 3
Alokasi Waktu : 5 x 45 menit
A. Standar Kompetensi
Berkomunikasi menggunakan Bahasa Inggris setara dengan Level Novice
B. Kompetensi Dasar
Mendeskripsikan benda-benda, profesi, orang, ciri-ciri, waktu, hari, bulan dan tahun
C. Indikator
1. Siswa mengetahui general structure yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan pekerjaan seseorang.
2. Siswa mampu membuat kalimat berbentuk Simple Present Tense dan mengetahui penggunaan Simple Present Tense.
3. Siswa mampu mendeskripsikan profesi/ pekerjaan seseorang dengan menggunakan kata-kata yang tepat.
4. Siswa mampu mengaplikasikan pembelajaran yang diberikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
D. Materi Ajar
xlix 2. Simple Present Tense
E. Skenario Pembelajaran
No Kegiatan Pembelajaran Waktu
1.
2.
Pembukaan
a. Memberikan salam kepada siswa b. Mengecek kehadiran siswa
c. Mengecek tugas/pekerjaan rumah siswa
Kegiatan Inti
A. Building Knowledge of Field
1. Guru menghantarkan siswa tentang hal-hal yang dapat merangsang pemahaman siswa cara untuk mendeskripsikan pekerjaan seseorang.
2. Guru menanyakan pekerjaan orang tua, saudara atau teman siswa secara acak.
3. Siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh guru mereka secara singkat.
4. Guru meminta siswa menuliskan beberapa macam profesi yang umum dijumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dalam bahasa Inggris di papan tulis.
5. Guru menugaskan beberapa siswa untuk melafalkan profesi tersebut dengan jelas
6. Siswa lain ditugaskan untuk mendengarkan dan mengecek pronunciation yang diucapkan.
7. Guru melafalkan beberapa macam profesi yang ditulis di papan tulis dan siswa menirukan.
8. Guru menjelaskan general structure yang digunakan
5 menit
l
untuk menjelaskan/ mendeskripsikan pekerjaan seseorang.
B. Grammar Focus
1. Guru menjelaskan tenses yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan profesi seseorang, yaitu Simple Present Tense.
2. Guru menjelaskan rumus dan fungsi Simple Present Tense.
3. Guru menugaskan siswa untuk membuat beberapa contoh kalimat menggunakan Simple Present Tense baik kalimat positif, kalimat negatif ataupun interrogative.
C. Modeling
1. Guru menuliskan teks singkat yang masih belum benar dalam susunan kebahasaan (kata kerja) di papan tulis.
2. Guru menugaskan siswa untuk mengansalisa teks tersebut kemudian merubahnya menjadi susunan yang benar.
3. Guru menugaskan beberapa siswa membaca teks yang sudah benar tersebut.
li
5. Guru membacakan teks tersebut dengan benar dan siswa menirukan bersama-sama.
D. Joint Construction
1. Guru membagi siswa menjadi big group discussion, dimana dalam 1 kelompok terdiri dari 8 – 9 siswa. 2. Guru membagikan sebuah gambar kepada setiap
kelompok.
3. Guru menjelaskan peraturan dalam kegiatan diskusi tersebut.
4. Siswa ditugaskan untuk menjelasakan suatu gambar mengenai keadaan suatu ruangan yang di dalamnya terdapat beberapa orang dengan profesi yang berbeda-beda.
5. Siswa mendiskusikan tentang gambar tersebut bersama kelompoknya dan guru mengontrol jalannya diskusi tersebut.
6. Guru mengontrol jalannya diskusi dengan cara memberikan beberapa pertanyan kepada siswa yang kelihatan kurang aktif dalam proses diskusi kelompok tersebut.
7. Guru menunjuk beberapa perwakilan dari masing-masing kelompok untuk menjelaskan gambar tersebut di depan kelas secara lesan.
E. Independent Construction
lii 3. Penutup
a. Guru mereview pembelajaran yang sudah diajarkan.
b. Siswa diberikan kesempatan untuk menanyakan hal-hal yang masih belum jelas setelah pembelajaran.
c. Guru memberitahukan tentang topik pembelajaran yang akan diberikan pada pertemuan yang akan datang.
d. Guru memberikan salam penutup.
5 menit
F. Bahan
1. Descriptive teks
G. Metode Pembelajaran 1. Cooperative Learning 2. Discussion
H. Media Pembelajaran 1. Blackboard 2. Gambar 3. Kapur Tulis
I. Evaluasi Pembelajaran
liii
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(LESSON PLAN FOR CYCLE II)
Nama Sekolah : SMKN 1 Kejobong Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/semester : 1 TKJ/ Semester Genap Kemampuan Dasar : Berbicara
Pertemuan : 4 - 6
Alokasi Waktu : 5 x 45 menit
A. Standar Kompetensi
Berkomunikasi menggunakan Bahasa Inggris setara dengan Level Novice
B. Kompetensi Dasar
Mendeskripsikan benda-benda, profesi, orang, ciri-ciri, waktu, hari, bulan dan tahun.
C. Indikator
1. Siswa mampu mendeskripsikan tentang ciri fisik seseorang dengan menggunakan kata-kata yang tepat.
2. Siswa mampu mengekpresikan pendapat atau opini dalam diskusi.
3. Siswa mampu mengaplikasikan pelajaran yang diberikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
D. Materi Ajar
1. Describing physical appearance/ Adjective
liv E. Skenario Pembelajaran
No Kegiatan Pembelajaran Waktu
1.
2.
Pembukaan
a. Memberikan salam kepada siswa b. Mengecek kehadiran siswa
c. Mengecek tugas/pekerjaan rumah siswa
Kegiatan Inti
A. Building Knowledge of Field
1. Guru menghantarkan siswa tentang hal-hal yang dapat merangsang pemahaman siswa tentang cara untuk mendeskripsikan fisik seseorang.
2. Guru memberikan pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan adjectives dengan cara menunjukan gambar/ benda (contoh : “Who is She?”)
3. Siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan secara singkat.
4. Guru meminta siswa menuliskan beberapa kata sifat yang berkaitan dengan ciri fisik seseorang dalam bahasa Inggris di papan tulis.
5. Guru menyuruh beberapa siswa untuk melafalkan sedangkan siswa lain mengedintifikasi kata-kata yang salah.
6. Guru melafalkan kata sifat yang dituliskan siswa dengan pronunciation yang benar dan siswa menirukan.
5 menit
lv B. Grammar Focus
1. Guru menjelaskan kembali Simple Present Tense secara singkat.
2. Guru menjelaskan adjective.
3. Guru menugaskan siswa untuk membuat contoh kalimat menggunakan adjective dengan menggunakan Simple Present Tense.
C. Modeling
1. Guru meminta siswa mendengarkan sebuah descriptive teks berjudul “My friend Lara”
2. Guru menugaskan siswa untuk berdiskusi dengan teman satu bangku untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan
3. Guru meminta siswa menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut secara lisan.
4. Guru meminta beberapa siswa membacakan teks tersebut dengan menggunakan pronunciation yang benar dan siswa lain menirukan bersama-sama.
lvi
6. Guru memberikan beberapa contoh dan latihan kepada siswa secara singkat.
D. Joint Construction
1. Guru membagi siswa menjadi small group discussion, dimana dalam 1 kelompok terdiri dari 4-5 siswa. 2. Guru menjelaskan mengenai peraturan dalam kegiatan
yang akan dilakukan, yaitu:
Setiap kelompok memilih satu tokoh idola baik artis, politikus, komedian, atau profesional kepada setiap kelomok.
Setiap kelompok harus merahasiakan tokoh idolanya tersebut, jangan sampai kelompok lain mengetahuinya.
Setiap kelompok akan berdiskusi membuat deskripsi umum tentang tokoh idolanya tersebut baik pekerjaan atau ciri fisiknya.
Apabila satu kelompok maju kedepan kelas menjelaskan tokoh idolanya tersebut, kelompok lain wajib membuat pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan deskripsi yang diberikan dengan menggunakan Yes-No questions.
Pada akhir kegiatan, setiap kelompok menebak siapakah tokoh dibalik deskripsi yang diberikan. 3. Guru mengontrol jalannya kegiatan dan berkeliling memberikan masukan yang ada kaitannya dengan kegiatan tersebut.
lvii 3.
memaparkan hasil diskusi
5. Guru memberikan masukan terhadap performance yang dilakukan oleh siswa.
E. Independent Construction
Guru menugaskan siswa untuk mencari gambar idola mereka dan membuat deskripsi baik berupa pekerjaannya atau ciri fisik secara lisan.
Penutup
a. Guru mereview pembelajaran yang sudah diajarkan.
b. Siswa diberikan kesempatan untuk menanyakan hal-hal yang masih belum jelas setelah pembelajaran.
c. Guru memberikan salam penutup.
5 menit
F. Bahan
1. Teks my friend Lara
2. Sumber lain dari internet mengenai physical appearance, adjectives dan giving personal comment and expressions for conversation / gambits
G. Metode Pembelajaran 1. Cooperative Learning 2. Discussion
lviii 3. Kapur Tulis
I. Evaluasi Pembelajaran
1. Evaluasi proses pembelajaran dilakukan melalui test berbicara 2. Evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post test
Pre-Test and Post-Test Blue Print
A. PRE TEST
Waktu Pelaksanaan : Kamis, 28 Januari 2010
Tempat : Kelas X TKJ
Pre-test Skenario :
1. Peneliti membagikan sebuah gambar kepada masing-masing siswa. 2. Satu persatu siswa disuruh maju kedepan untuk menjelaskan gambar yang
telah diberikan. (mendeskripsikan tentang suatu profesi) 3. Peneliti menilai speaking skill mereka.
B. POST TEST I
Waktu Pelaksanaan : Senin, 9 Februari 2010
Tempat : Kelas X TKJ
lix
1. Sebelum melaksankan post test I, guru menugaskan siswa untuk mencari sebuah gambar yang berhubungan dengan adjective dan pekerjaan. 2. Satu persatu siswa disuruh maju kedepan untuk mendeskripsikan gambar
yang telah mereka peroleh.
3. Peneliti menilai speaking skill mereka.
C. POST TEST II
Waktu Pelaksanaan : Senin, 15 Februari 2010
Tempat : Kelas X TKJ
Post-test Skenario :
1. Sebelum melaksanakan post test II, guru menugaskan siswa untuk mencari sebuah gambar tokoh idola atau orang yang menginspirasi dalam kehidupan mereka.
2. Satu persatu siswa disuruh maju kedepan untuk mendeskripsikan gambar yang telah mereka peroleh.
3. Peneliti menilai speaking skill mereka.
The Criteria of Speaking Test
ACCURACY FLUENCY
Little or no language produced 1 Little or no communication 1 Poor vocabulary, mistake in
basic grammar, may have very strong foreign accent
2
Very hesitant and brief utterances, sometimes difficult to understand 2
Adequate but not rich vocabulary, occasional grammar slips, slight foreign accent
3
Get ideas across, but hesitantly and
briefly 3
Good range of vocabulary, occasional grammar slips, slight 4
Effective communication in short
lx foreign accent
Wide vocabulary appropriately used, virtually no grammar mistakes, native-like or slight foreign accent
5
Easy and effective communication, uses long turns
5
lxi
Students’ Test Result
lxii
The total accuracy and fluency score (Pre-test)
Student Number Mean Score Accuracy Mean Score Fluency Total Score
lxiii In Which:
∑x = 173 N = 41
So, the students mean score was:
= 173 41 = 4.22
lxv
The total accuracy and fluency score (1st post test)
Student Number Accuracy Mean
lxvi In Which:
∑y = 221 N = 41
So, the students mean score was:
= 221 41 = 5.39
lxviii
The total accuracy and fluency score (2nd post test)
Student Number Accuracy Mean
lxix In Which:
∑x = 277 N = 41
So, the students mean score was:
= 277 41 = 6.76
lxx
4 Anugrah Tunggal Utami
5 Aprilia Dewi
12 Etika Rahma Fatimah
13 Fina Sofianti
14 Fine Tirta Prawitasari
15 fitroh
16 Haryati
17 Ida Alifatul Muzakiroh
18 Ida Lestari
19 Indah Dwi Ayu Ningrum
20 Khosingun
21 Laela khusna
22 Laeli Rakhmawati
23 Niken Putri Pamularsih
24 Noviatun
25 Priyo Utomo
26 Renda Hermawan
27 Resti Yani
28 Restu Ardiyanti
29 Rica Wisnu Winasih Anggraeni
30 Rina Febriyani
31 Rina Puji
32 Rini S
33 Rino Setioko
lxxi
35 Samsul Rais
36 Siti Marwati
37 Tri Rahayu
38 Umi Latifah
39 Umi Sulastri
40 Uswatun Khasanah
lxxii Photographs
Teaching Learning Process Teaching Learning Process
Independence Construction Independence Construction
lxxiii
