Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, & Water Dynamics
January 11th 2018
Yoon Lee, Ph.D.
Professor / Head of Department
Department of International Economics & Trade Sunmoon University
Concept of Sustainable Development Goals
After the Millennium Development Goals, global society adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015
Source: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, UN
SDGs and Water
These goals provide a unique opportunity to map a pathway to a better future
Source: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, UN
▪ Lead to address the new concept of water-energy-food nexus
▪ Water is a key ingredient of economic growth process
Climate Change & Water Scarcity
Unfortunately, water stress and scarcity become a problematic issue including Korea
▪ Water quantity vs. quality issues are a controversial topic these days
Heterogeneous Value of Water
Water value has various demands which should be a main consideration when social planner decided to increase water supply
Source: Lee et al. (2017)
▪ Environmental Value of Water
▪ Social Value of Water
▪ Economic Value of Water
Heterogeneous Value of Water
Multinomial Logit and Principal Component Analysis are used to estimate the value of water
Source: Lee et al. (2017)
Heterogeneous Value of Water
Based on the PCA result, three different water values are categorized and named as followed
Source: Lee et al. (2017)
Heterogeneous Value of Water
Combined with PCA results, explanatory variables indicates following marginal effects by applying multinomial logit
▪ People with higher age and household income tend to prefer social and local cultural demand on water value to its environmental value
▪ Education level has a significant positive influence on environmental value of water, but negative on economic value
▪ City residences have the highest marginal effect on all water values
▪ Monotonous development plans and myopic views can cause national dejections, especially if policymakers fail to implement sound water governances.
Methodology: Optimal Control Theory
However, the nature of water has a dynamic characteristics, especially when it has a change in a stock
Suffering from water supply shortage &
lack of IWRM
Sedimentation & Sanitation Problems
Methodology: Optimal Control Theory
Applying appropriate technology and optimal IWRM regards to sediment
Data Collecting
Statistical Model
Findings !!
Nile river basin climate change scenarios - for 100 years
- watershed data Agricultural data
- production
- fertilizer consumption & externalities
Optimal control
- Continues Hamiltonian approach
- Bellman equation in a stochastic problem Panel data analysis
Methodology: Optimal Control Theory
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Methodology: Optimal Control Theory
Methodology: Optimal Control Theory
Water supply increases by using optimal dredging, negative externalities decreased by implementing appropriate IWRM
Conclusion
Still there are billions of people cannot assess clean water and safe sanitation
Based on statistical approaches, we can address where and which sector needs urgent support from the world
Applying appropriate technologies, water supply can be used for a sustainable manner
Korea has an unexceptional development experience that less developed countries have a keen interest to share
Knowledge sharing program and implementing appropriate technology are the most fundamental for Aids strategy
Research Budget, Plan, & Teaching
Research on development issues (SDGs and Post-2015 Development Agenda) related to water and energy nexus
- funded by NRF-Korea (300,000,000 Won until 2017) - Principal Investigator
Research on sustainable water development with climate change in Sub- Saharan Africa (e.g. Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt)
- funded by NSF-PIRE (jointed with USAID, $3,500,000 until 2021) - International Co-investigator
Currently, International Editor of UN Environmental Program, GEO-6 Global issue
Thank you for your attention
lyoon21@sunmoon.ac.kr
