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MARKETING CHANNELS
Services and International
Channels
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Services and International
Channels
• 1. Channels for Services
• 2. Channels for International Marketing
• 3. International Channel Length and Width
• 4. International Physical Distribution
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1. Channels for Services
• types
– rented-goods service
– owned goods service
– nongoods service
• characteristics – intangibility – inseparability – perishability – variability in
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1. Channels for Services (cont)
Activities for Intermediaries
• physical possession • ownership
• promotion • negotiation
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1. Channels for Services (cont)
• Types of service channels
– direct or indirect intangibles – complexity of behaviors
– types of facilitating goods
• Physical Distribution Concerns
– supply chain logistics
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2. International Marketing Channels
• Theories of Channel Choice
– ethnocentrism, polycentrism, regiocentrism, geocentrism
• Specific International Channels
– Home Market
• export management companies, export merchants and agents, direct exporting
– Foreign Market
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3.International Channel
Length and Width
• Channel length decision making
– transaction cost analysis – transaction specific assets – environmental uncertainty
• Channel width decision making
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4. International Physical Distribution
• export documents
– bill of lading, shipper’s export declaration, import license, foreign exchange license, certificate of origin
• factors
– standardization of documents, export
automation software, foreign freight forwarders, customs agents, foreign trade zones
• examples
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