• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Kultur akar rambut in vitro serta pemanfaatan kultur ganda untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan endomikoriza (Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp.)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2018

Membagikan "Kultur akar rambut in vitro serta pemanfaatan kultur ganda untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan endomikoriza (Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp.)"

Copied!
12
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

$- !- .# / . # , 0

1 2 !#/ 3 . 0 / # 4 3 5 6 # , 0

1 2 !#/ 3 . # /0 . . # , 0

!

" #

# $

"!%&

'

#

" (

#

"

)

"

) ' *+

, )

' ,

-) )

.

7/ 8 4 69 ) : (

! 0 ) 9

)

, 0;

%0 , 5 4 2 ! 2 : %!

0 02 40 0 0 2 20

) , 6 %! , )

64 4 , 0 2 0 ,

0 4 9 2 ,0 2 60 2

6 0 0 60 <0

2 2 6 2 0 2 ) ,

40 ,0 2 2

64 6 5 0 , 6 9

, 2 ,0 ' $ ,

) , , 2

2 0 6 2 0 2 ,0

6 6 5 0 , 2 2 64

5 0 < 0 0 , ) 2

60 , 2 2 , 2 0 2 , 2

64 2 0 20 64 ) ,

(2)

/0 0 0 , 0 02 6

,0 2 2 6 4 2

0640 2 2 64 0 02 60, 6

2 2 2 64 5 0 2

64 20 , 2 ,

5 0 , 0 20 64 )

0 (02 ) ,

, 6 2 " 9 , 0 0)

60 < 22 4 )5 , 2 2 2

64 , 0 0) , 20

2 , 5 0 , 6 60, 6 !$ . ,

=) 0 2 64 20 2

, 5 0 64 ) 4 2 , 6 60, 6 !$

, =) 0 2 64 20 , 64 )

4 2 , 6 60, 6 2 , 9

60, 6 !! $04 2 9 0 64 ) 2

2 64 20 , 6 60, 6 9 6

60 6 ) 64 /0 20 64 )

) 6

0 (02 2 0) 20, <0 %! ,

, 2 2 , 6 2 , ,0 6

5 0 6 20 0 ,0

2 2 64 5 0 , 6 60, 6 !!

%0 , 5 6 2 : 4 2

%! , ) 6 2 60 9

40 ( 64 4 2 0

6 64 2 0 64 )

) ( 9 0, 2 , ) 9 6 6

40 ) ) , ) %! <

40 ( 64 6 2 0 ) ,

9 %! 40 0 0 , 6

2 ) 9 40 0 , 6 606

0 4 2 2 ) , 60 9 2

2 4 , 2 20 60 )

9 ' 6 %! 6 6

60 0 2 0 : 6 ( ( 0 , 6

2 / , ) 9 2 ) ( ( /

%! , 60 0 / 9 0 2

0) 6064 0 90, /

$6 )

' 6 0 0 20 64 )

9 60 2 2 5 0 < , 9

64 6 2 ,

%! , 6 ,0 , 9 02 ,

2 , % 9 , ) 2 6

%! 0 0 40 4 ) 20 0 206

4 9 4 0 64 2 9

, , ,0 0 4 ) ( 0

0 ( 6 2)

!0 3 0 0

, ) 60 90, 2 02 , 2 2

606 0 0 0 ) 9 4 0 20 6

4 ) , 640 2 4 2 20

) , %!

/0 4 9 2 %! 6 6 9 , 2

2 60 2 2 60

( 9 9 64 4 6

20 06 ) , ) 2 0(02 (

2 0 9 , ) 2 , 2 0

, 40 206 2 0 < , 2 6

,0 < 6 ) 0 2

4 2 0 9 40 ,0 , ,

9 2 , 0 2

>0 9 , ) , , 6 606

0 < 64 4 , < 2

2 606 , 2 2 6 %!

0 6 0 ) 60640 2 6

9 2 2 60 2 2

%! 0 2 0 2

> %! 2 0 6

2 40 ) , 2 2 , ) ?@

! 0 ?@ $0< 2 2040 )

2 2 0 2 6 2 0 2 %!

60 2 40 4 640 2 6

, 2 >06 < , 6 06 ) 6

4 , %! 0 4 ,

4040 0 0 9 , , 0 4 9 2

, , 0 < 0 $ 06 2

60 2 2 2 , 40

4 0 0 6 , 40 4

( 6 60, 6 , ) , 2064 2

2 60 2 2 %! 0 2 0

2 6 2 , A 0 0 %!

, 9 ) .0 ,

+ 1 ?BB )

(3)

$ , ??@ )

'0 0 2 ??B , )

9 0 ) 40 ) , 64 )2 ,

40 , 6 ,0 2

2 64 6 , 5 0

/0640 2 < ) ( ,0 2

, 0 , 0 6 2 2 <

, 2 2 ) !

9 40 20 64 ) ,02 ,0 2 64 5 0 $ ) 0 0 + > ,0

?? / 5 5 2 ??? 0 )

40 ) 606 0 4 9 2 0

) 60 2

) 9 , 2 2 ,0 2

2 , 6 60, 6 =) 0 9 , 6 , ( 2

) , ) ) %!

9 0 ) 40 ) , 2064 2 60

2 0( 0 0 ) , 0 6

4 ) 6 0 204 , 9

6 20 5 = , C

2 2 < 64 60 0 5

$0, 0< ) 60

2 ) %! 9 40 6

40 ) , 2064 2 0

/ , 20 9 9

6 6 60 2 2 0 64 )

6 20 5 = , C

6 6 & $ ) :

??? 60 9 2 4 )5 !

, ) %! 9 2 ,

0(02 ( 60 2 2 , 9 ) , 0

20 5 , C A , 2 , 2

60 < , ? A , 2 9 2

0 064 20, %! 0 04

6 ) 60 6 20 , 2) 9

2 0 4 9 2 0 6 9

6 ) 60 2 02 2 2

< 0 0 , ) 2 60

, 2 6 9 6 6

60640 2 2 64 60, 6

0 4 2 2 0 64 ) 2 64

20 , 5 0 60, 6 2

, 0 4 2 2 0 64 ) 2

64 20 <0 , 5 0

, 0 20 64 ) ,

(02 ) ,

, 6 2

/0 0 0 , , 4040

0 4 9 0 02 6

9 6 6 60640 2 2 64

0 02 60, 6 0 64 ) 2 64

20 , 5 0 0 64 ) 2

64 , 20 <0 ,

= 0 , 60, 6 2 , ,

0 20 64 ) , (02

) , , 6

2

'

. ) 6 9 , 2

, ) < 6 20

, 2 0 5 0 .0 ) <

) 6 , 5 0 , 0 2 ,0

2 ) A , 4 9 0 A 6

6 0 6 60 206 , ,

,0 2 ,0 0 .0 ) , 20 64 )

2 , , 6 5 /0 40 20

9 , 064 42 6 40 6

, 6 $0 < 9 04 9 2 6

20 64 ) , 6 6 6

, 2 2 , 6 4 40 60, 6

! ) 0 + $2 ?@ :

0 64 ) !$ > , 2 4

, 6 40 ) 9 < 6D)

,0 ) B ? A . ) 6 20

, 2 9 , 2

40 0 40 6 4 40

, & 4 > 3 3

6 #/. $0 2

, 06 < 2 60 0 ,

2 0 , 6 60, 6 !$ ,0 0 6

(4)

# 2 , 2 2 60 60 ,0

! ) C $040 6

, 2 2 , 6 <

&.

?C , 2 2 , 6 60, 6 0

E!. , , 2 2 ,0 60 0

2 , 20 0 6 < 6D)

> , 06 2 , 6 2

40 ) 9 < 6D) ,0 ) B ? A > 40 6 CB < 6 , 2

2 2 # 2

0 ) , 6 < , 2 2 ,0

60 2 4 6

, 02 ,0 40, ) 0

206 , , 0 <

6 , , 2 2 0 6 < 6

, 6 0 4 2 0 $0 0 ) , 20

2 , 20 0 04 9 2

6 , 6 6 6

, 2 2 , 6 60, 6 !$ .

64 , =) 0 ,0 0 64 )

6 D& 6 0 6

0 ) , , 0 2 40

, 2 0 40 2 , 2 9 2 64

'

2 0 64 ) 2 64

9 04 ) 4 2 , 0 4

0 < 6 < 2

64 20 20 2

, 5 0 , 2 2 , 6 60, 6

!$ /0 ) 60, 6 , <0 6

0 ) , 0 64 ) 2 64 , 6

40 , 2 40 20 2 64

, , @ 6 0 0 ) , 2

2 0 0 6 2 2 64

)

. ) 6 9 , 2 , )

2 64 9 0 64 ) 9 0 4 2

, 0 4 / < 2

64 0 < 6 , 2 2 , 6

60, 6 =) 0 ! 6 60, 6 !!

.0 , + 1 ?BB , 60, 6

$ , 6 , !$ 60, 6

$ + 6 , ?B@ 2 64

9 , ) 2 0 < 9 , 2

2 60 2 2 ) ,

/0 64 ) 2 64

, 20, 6 < , 0 2 40

, 2 40 20 2 64 ,

6 , @ 6 0 0 ) , 2

2

2 0 20 64 )

0 (02 ) , !

, 6 2 , 2

6 40 20 64 ) 6

5 0 6 , 2 64 9

0 64 ) 9 0 4 2 , 6 2

, >0 64 ) 5 0 , 6 , 6 4 )2 , 6 60, 6 !$ , 0 0 )

40 6 06 6 , , )2 20

, 6 60, 6 2 , 9 !!

, !$ $ 2 64

5 0 0 < 6 , 2 2 , 6

5 /0 9 40 60, 6 9

6 2 20 64 ) 5 0 , 6

$ , ) ,

9 , ) , 0 2

60 . 0 , 2

2 ,0 606 0 6

6 04 9 2 F& 9 40

4 , 60 906 2 9 0

0 ) ) ,02 < 2 4 2 ,

20 64 ) 5 0 , 6 6 06

6 0 2 64 5 0 6

6 > 6 5 0 ,

6 , 2 4 , 6 2

(5)

C

0, 2 2 2 64 5 0

, 2 4 2 , 6 0 /0 4 )

9 , 6 , ) 0 0 0 9

40 20 64 ) < 6 ) 9 , 40 2

, (02 2 9 , 6

4 0 0 ) , 2 /0 206

4 (02 2 , 0 < ,0

6064 ) 2

0 4 9 , 2

2 0 4 , , )

2 &0 2 & 2

0 4 & ( 2 G 04

( 2 0 6 , ) <0 6

20 20 2 ,

5 0 $04 ( 2 20, , ) <0

60, 6 !$ . , =) 0 2

0 4 & ( 2 9 <0

6 2 64 20

20 2 , 5 0

0 <0 60, 6 !! 2

0 4 & ( 2 G G

( 2 0 6 , ) <0 60, 6 !!

, !$ ( 2 20, , ) <0

2 6 9 ) ,

, <0 20 6

4 ) 5 0 6 , 2 64 5 0

' ) 0 0 , 6

6 0 4 9 , 0 0) ,

,0 0,

20 6 , 64 40 , 2 < 1

0 4 ) < 1 0 04

60 < 22 40, 9 40,

9 0 2 6 2 0 <

, < 2 ,0 < < 2 40 ,

' '! ,0 2

20 0 9 ? A /H

'

>0 6 <0 02 60 < 22

0 9 40 40, 0 ) , 2

, 2 0 < , , 2

0640 2 2 64 , 20 64 )

< , ) 6 , 20 <0

60, 6 9 , < $04 2 9 ,

02 20 20 2

, 5 0 0 < , , 2 0640 2 2 64 0 < , , 20 60, 6

9 , < 40 # , 2 0640

2 2 64 64 ) 0 < , ,

4 9 , 2 , , ) 06

40 2 2

/ , 02 < , 6

, 2 0 < , , 2 0640 2 2

64 " 206 2 , 04 42

20, 6 0 04 0 , 6

! 2 0, 9 4 < 9

, 2 , 2 60 0 2 0 9 5

(0 $04 2 9 , 20

20 2 , 5 0 9 0

, 6 , 2 0, 606 2 20

6 6 2 606 , 2 0 9 5

(0 2 , 0 < , 0 2

!0 ' ?B 4

< 6 , 2 0 6

2 60 0 2 0 9 5 , 9

6 6 , 0 9 5 (0 2

%) 09 + . C 60 <0 2

4 )5 0 0 0 9 5 2 6 0 04

, < 6 9 0 2 0 < ,

0 206 2 9 2 60640 2

9 0 ) , 0 0

, 0 < , ) 2 ) 5 , (02

!0 %) 09 + . C ,

$)0 + % 29 ??@

606 2 0 0 9 0 , 6

2 6 9 * .

% 1 ),

60 2 4 2 0 ) 6 0 (

9 0 6 2 , 6 20 6 2 $ !

, 606 9 206 6

2 60 (0 04 4 ) 0 0

2 9 ' , 0 6 60

0 2 ' 9 , (0 , 04

(6)

40 0 02 6 <

20 20 2

, 5 0 0 ) ,

&. ?C 9 , 2 2

, 6 60, 6 !$ . , =) 0

" 2 $ )

#

) : 0 0 3* 45+6 ' *+ ,

/ I 8 , 2 0 < , 0640 2

2 64 &

1# 8 J 0 < , 0640 2 2

64 "

4040 2 4 , 6 , 9

, 20 ,0 6 ,

+ ??

' 2 0 0 , 2 6 6

6 , 2 60 02 0 2 0

0 2 60 0 0 9 5 ,

6 ' < 60 ,

2 0 9 0 0 9 40 0

2 60 9 , ) 6 0 64 )

2 , 2 4 2 0

0 02 0 6 2 2 0 < , 0 6

4 ) 0 , 0 -2 0 2 0

, 6 , 60 2 0640 2

2 , 0 ( 0 40 40 ,

06 9 , (02 , , 20 ,0

K 7 2 64

'

.0 , 2 4 4 20 2

64 , 0 0) , 9 0 2

<0 60, 6 , <0 02 0 ) ,

40 20 2 64 .0 20

2 64 0 , 0 0) ,

6 5 0 9 , 2 2 , 6

60, 6 =) 0 $0, 2 20

0 64 ) 2 64 0 4 2 , 0

0) , 20 9 , 6

4 )2 , 6 60, 6 !$ 40

6 2 4 )5 2 64 20

64 ) 4 2 , 60, 6 !$ 9

606 2 2 6 ) 9 04 )

0 2 , 4 , 2 ,0 60, 6 .

, 60, 6 =) 0 $04 2 9 2

64 5 0 64 ) 04 ) 4 2 , 6 60, 6 =) 0 ,0 2 6

) 9 04 ) 0,0 ) 2) 9

2 ) 6 2

%) 09 + . C 60 2

4 )5 5 0 , ) ) 0 0

9 0 2 606 , 2 2

64 , 5 9 C 60 06 2

4 )5 2 64 5 0 9

, 2 ,0 C

, 64 ) 4 2 , 6 60, 6 &

.0 JD 0 , 6

60, 6 E0 !

2 0 < 04 ) <

2 64 , 20, <0 20 9

, < 2 64 , 20

, 20 2 , 42 20 , 6

60, 6 !$ " 9 , 0 0)

60 < 22 4 )5 0 64 ) 2

64 20 04 ) 4 2

, 4 , 2 ,0 0 64 ) 2

64 20 2 64

.0 , 2 ) 0 04 6 2 2

0 4 2 , , 2 2

64 20 , 5 0

. ) 6 !0, 6

!$ . =) 0

$ 6 ' I

3 .

>0

)

J J J

>0 2 J J J

(7)

@

40 .0 20 2 64 20 20 2 , 5 0

9 , 2 2 , 6 60, 6 . !$ , =) 0 6 0 6 6

0 0 ) , 2 2

" 8 % )

*+ ' , #! !

/ 9 :" ( 9 6 , 2 6 9 6 , 2 40 40, 9 40 , 2 < % $" /H

1# I 8" % $" ;< <+

)

" 9 , 0 0) 60 < 22

4 )5 , 6 60, 6 2 , !!

0 64 ) 2 64 20

60 6 ) 64 0, 0

64 ) 2 64 5 0 , 2 60

6 ) 64 64 !0, 6

2 , !! 606 2 2 6

,0 2 0 ) / 0 , )

9 C C 6 D& 0, 60, 6 !$ C 6 D& 6 2 9 2 6 60, 6

, 2 64 606 0 )

2040 ) 2 64 2 40 ,

, , 6 60, 6 2 ,

/ 5 5 2 ??? 60 2

4 )5 2 64 5 0 64 ) 4 2

, 6 60, 6 =) 0 9 , 64 )

4 (0 6! !-$ " @ ! /$ " @

" 9 , 0 0) 60 < 22

, 9 0 2 9 9

<0 60, 6 , <0 %! 0 ) ,

< 6 ) 9 40 20 64 )

, (02 2 0) 20, %!

0 04 40 C + 6 2 4 )5

60, 6 !! , ) 9 0 4 2 2

2 , 20 9 , < 4 2

2 0 20 64 ) , , 9

(02 ) 6 !

, 4 , 2 ,0 2

, , 6 60, 6 !$

> , )

,0 6 5 0 6 ,

2 64 6 60640 2 0 20 6

4 ) , 9 6 4 2

9 $0, 2 (02 2 0 4 9 2

, 0 0) , 6 2 , ,0

6 5 0 , 6 >0

9 , < 60640 2 0 20 6

4 ) 9 6

4 2 9 6 2 ,

4 9 2 9 (02 2 9 0 < , , 0

0) , 6 2 , 60 2

6 5 0

/0 20 64 ) ) 6

0 ) ) 0 0 ) 2

0, 2 0 < , 04 )

64 9 ) 0 0 ) 2

/0 20 64 ) 0 0 < , 60 0640 2 ) ( ) ( 0 0 40

64 ) 20 0 ) 64 + 4

!0, 6 >0 2 >0

)

= 0

.

6

. B 0I B CC , @ (

!$ B B@ ?C 4 C )

(8)

64 /0 64 ) 2 64 , 6 60, 6 !$ , !! . 6 , @ 6

0 0 ) 6

0 2 " ' * < = >

/0 2064 0 < 9 0 40 2 ) (

02 0 , 60 2 2 (02 2

64 , , $0 0 ) 4

206 , 6 2 4 )5 ) ( 60 6

(0 0 , ,

0 ,0 6 6 60640 2

0 ) ( 0 64

4 2 64 ) ) ( 2 ,

0 2 64

/ , 60, 6 !! ,0 2 64

5 0 5 2 0 20 64 ) 0 < ,

) 6 6 ,0 2 2 2 0 2

&04 ) , A 40 20 64 ) 40

) ,

60640 2 2 , ,02 < 2

64 $0 2 ( 0 04 0

, 5 ,0 4040 0 4 ,

) ( 9 2 40 (0 ,02

,0 2 /0 0 ) ( 20 , 6

< 0 ,0 6 , 0 2 2 0 0

0 < , 60 2 (02 9 40 40 2

4 2 , 40 2 , 6

9 04 ) , 6 , 2 2 0 ,

2) 9 0 < , 0 4 64

,

> 2 0 < 9 , 2

,0 0640 2 4

$ <0 0 )

40 , 2 0 6 2 , 4040

4 2 6 5 0 ,

6 6 2 64 9 0 )

0 40 ) , 6 2 4040

02 , 2 64 0 + ( 3 6 )

9 , 0 0) , 6 5 2

4 0 0 ) 2 0 ( 0 , )

6 2 9 , 6 2

2) 9 60 2 2 64

6060 2 5 2 2 4 9 0 (

@

6 6

>0 2

>0 ) @

C

B @ C

.

4

2

0

2

6

4

6

%

6

@ ?

B

@

C

.

4

2

0

2

6

4

6

%

6

>0 2

>0 )

(9)

40 /0 ) 6 5 0 6 , 2 64 5 0 9 , 2 2 , 6 60, 6 !! ,

!$ 0 ) , < 6 ) ) , 9 40 20 64 ) 4 0 0 )

, 2

" = 1 '$

)

!0, 6 2 ,

%

= 0

.

6 "

2 64 = 0

.

6 "

2 64

!! B C C4 @ @ @

!$ C ,0 ( B , ? 0( ( C

/ :" ( 9 6 , 2 6 9 6 , 2 40 40, 9 40 , 2 < '! /H

1# : " % $" ;< <+

40 C /0 ) 6 5 0 6 , 2 64 5 0 9 , 2 2 , 6 60, 6 !! ,

!$ 0 ) , ) , 4 0 0 ) , 2

" 5 1 '$

!0, 6 2 ,

%

)

= 0

.

6 "

2 64 = 0

.

6 "

2 64

!! @ @ @ ? 4 4

!$ C , C, , , B , C,

/ : " ( 9 6 , 2 6 9 6 , 2 40 40, 9 40 , 2 < '! /H

1# : " % $" ;< <+

40 /0 ) 6 5 0 6 , 2 64 5 0 9 , 2 2 , 6 60, 6 !! ,

!$ 0 ) , (02 2 0)) , 4 0 0 ) , 2

" + 1 '$

)

) !0, 6

= 0

.

6 "

2 64 = 0

.

6 "

2 64

> ,

%

@ 4 @ B4 @ 4 B 4 B4

$ B, , C @

/ : " ( 9 6 , 2 6 9 6 , 2 40 40, 9 40 , 2 < '! /H

(10)

?

04 ) 6 !0 ' ??

64 ) 9

, 2 2 , 2 64 6

5 0 0 < , 06 4

0 0 ) , 2 , 40 0 (

64 $ 04 ) 2 ( , 6 @

4 0 0 ) 2 /0 2064

) , 6 ,0

0 04 , , 9 , 2

,0 0 2 60 , ,

040 ) , 6 $ 9 6 )

6 , , , ,0 5 )

6 40 0, 6 0 )

,0 2 # 2

40 4 ) 60 < , 04 ) 02 , 2

,0 60 , , 0 040 )

, 6 9 40 0 )

60 904 42 9 , )

6 , ) , ) $

9 6 ) 6 , 40 5 20

6 , , ,0 0 2064 04 )

< 0 < , 60 9 2 (

, , 6 60 904 42 5

40 4 ) 60 < , 20 64 D,

!0, 6 !! 04 ) 0 2 0

20 64 ) , (02 2

6 0) %! 9 , < )

64 /0 2064 , 0 4 ) 2 ) , , 6 2

6 4 0 0 ) 6L ) 9 40 20 64 )L 4 9

40 20 64 )L ) ( 02 0 ) L , ) ( 02 0 L 0

, ) L ( L ) ( 0 , 02 ,0 L ) ) ( 2

0 2 , ) ( 2 4 2

0 8 "

? ?

? # ? # ?

? ? #

?

(11)

) , 04 42 2 , ( ( 9 04 ) 0 , ) C C 6 D& , 4 , 2

,0 60, 6 !$ 9 2 ,

( ( 9 04 9 2 @B 6 D& & 4

60 9 2 4 )5 2 0

( ( 9 , 6 60, 6 ,

60 ) 64 0 , 2

2 0) %! > 0 / 9

0 , ) 60 0640 2 02 ,

2 04 ) 4 9 2

!0 6 2)

64 %! ,0 2

6 , 6 0 0 )

40 20 64 ) 9 , , ,0 0

4 ) ( 9 2 ( , 0640 2

) ( 02 0 $0 0 ) 60 2 2 2 2

,0 2 2 60640 2 0

6 , 60640 2 ) ( 0 ) (

0 0 0 4 2 , 0 2 2

0, )

, 2 60640 2 0 2 2 9

0 (02 0 < 9 , 60640 2

4 3 , 2 9

0 (02 ,0 05 4

2 0 ) ) ( 02 0 0 6

) ( 0 4 2 0 2 ,

2 , 2 , , 9 4 "

0 04 < , 9 2 0) 3 0

??B 4 )5 9 40 20 64 )

2 60 2 2 2 2 ,0 2

60640 2 0 6 , 40 2064

60640 2 ) ( 0 ) ( 0

4 2 0 2 , ) ( 2

' ) 0 0 9 , 0 0)

, , 6 2 4 )5 8

-2 6 5 0 20

, 20 2 6 6

60640 2 2 64 0 0 )

, 2 ,0

&. ?C 9 , 2 2 , 6

60, 6 !$ . , =) 0

!0, 6 !$ , ) 9 0 4 2 2

0 64 ) 2 64 20

, 20 2 0,

60, 6 =) 0 4 2 2 0 6

4 ) 2 64 5 0

' 6 60, 6 !! 9 , 2

2 2 , 2 64 5 0

, 40 2064 ,0 4 2

0, 0 64 ) 2 64

20 60 6 ) 6

4

C > , 2 64 ,

%! 60 2 60, 6 !!

, , 6 ( 2 2 0 20 6

4 ) , (02 ) !

6 0

. 0 ! ! 3 0

<0 + .0 , )0

0 964 5 ) ( 4

69 ) : ( , 0, 49

4 ) ( 9 ( 0,

0G , 0 !" @? @?B

.M , + 3 1 ?BB - 9 0 0

( 0 4 69 ) :

( 6 ' ( 60,

& !#$ B

%) 09 ! % + " . C

/ , ( ) 9 , 0

49

60, 0, ( 6 - /0 & 0,

* N @B

0 / C @

'0 0 2 $ ' $ + % / 0 )0 0

??B ! G0 0 ( )0

, ( 6 ( ) # 0,

( 6 0 9 068 0,

60 ) , 9 ( 0 6 6 0

%# ? B

' .0 , + E / )0 ?? &

0 6 0 ( 0 , 69

) : ( )

' ( 60, (

@ 3 *

C? O ?

' % 3 3 $ 3 4 +

- = 0 0 ?B #,0 ( ,

0 0 9 (

) 6 6 0 0

(12)

3 0 . $ + ' '0 ??B 0

( , ( 6 ) 0 0

' !!&

3 0 % 3 $ 6 % .0 0 " N 0 )0

% ) + E / )0 . 0 2

, 6 9 0 ( )0 4

69 ) : ( ) 8

, 0 0 ,

!' C

& 4 > ! 3 0 $ ! +

6 , 4 69 : 0

0 0 0 ( 6 0

0 0, 5 ) , 0

20 !'(?C ?

& E %0 , 5 6 2 :

4 2 , 4 5 ) 0 2 6

6 , 0 9 , 6 0

64 ) 4 4 6 )

" . $02 )

/ < #/.

! 0 . ?@ )0 0 4 )60 (

0 4 69 ) : ,0

0 , A )

')*

+ ?? 00 )0

8 )0 0 ( )0

0 0 )0 ( 6 (

) 9 !##*C@ C

/ 5 2 - ' ' ' , 3 + # %)

??? - , (0 9 0

( )0 4 69 ) : (

) $ !#"

C? @

, 5 9 " 3 3 > , + $ 05

C 6 , (

) 9 - ). " &

B ' - B

$ ' + % 6 , ?B@ !0 ) ,0

G0 P 0 ,0 0 0

,Q0 , 69 ) : 0 0 0

Q,0 0 ,0 6 0 %

' "#"* C

$ ) 0 0 / + > ,0 ??

$ 6 ( 0 4 (

49 69 ) , 69 )

9 06 1

+%

$ ) : % $ 4 $< ( & ( !

! 5 , + / & N 02 ??? /0

6 2 : 0 2 0 4 2 0 !N

, 6 60 2 2 0 90 ,

0 20 5 0 ) , 2 ,

2 64 ) 6 A

/ ' ) C @

$)0 3 + N % 29 ??@ !

0 ' 8 ) 0

0 0 0 5 0 .

$ @??

$6 ) $ - 1 $6 ) + # 3 4 0

!9 ) : ( , 6 0

) ) 0 9 0 0 0 (

5 ) 0 0 !""@

$ , ! % " 60 . N 6 , ! %

+ 3 1 ??@ - ) 0, )9 )

5 ) , 0 , ( )0

4 69 ) : ( )

9 06

4 0 0 ( ) $ !##*

B

6 2) ! $0< '0 6

> 0 0 3 % G .0 , +

/ 1 20 ( , 0

6 ) , 0 0, 0 0 0G 0 (

0 , )0 ,0 0 60

5 ) ( 964 0 964

)0 4 69 ) : )

!"! C@B C B

! ) 0( ) 6 "

3 2 $ + / 5 06

C > 2 64 .

, . ' , 6

2 C

@? BC

5 $ + # # , 5

/0 ) 6 2 : 4 2 ,

2 ( ( 0 ) , 0 64 ) < 64

60 0 , ) , 2 60 ) 2 A

* " ? ?B

= , " C . 0 2

0 , 5 6 2 : 4 2 20

5 , ) 6 6 04 ,

0 064 02 2 ,

% $02 ) / < #/.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

[r]

Penelitian ini tentunya diharapkan mampu menjawab seberapa penting variabel kualitas layanan untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan, penelitian ini

Nilai Ambang Batas yang selanjutnya disingkat NAB adalah standar faktor bahaya di tempat kerja sebagai kadar/intensitas rata-rata tertimbang waktu (time weighted average)

Topologi yang penulis gunakan dalam pengiriman data paket menggunakan topologi ring yang terdiri dari 6 router, dengan salah satu routing protokol yang berbasis

Warna Prosentase Keterangan 0 s/d 50 Sangat Rendah 50.1 s/d 65 Rendah 65.1 s/d 75 Sedang 75.1 s/d 90 Tinggi 90.1 lebih Sangat Tinggi (sumber : Permendagri 54 / 2010).

Tujuan mendasar dari sistem suspensi atau peredam kendaraan di atas permukaan tanah adalah untuk mempertahankan kontak terus menerus antara roda dan permukaan jalan, dan

HAFID

Perlu dilakukan perencanaan sistem pentanahan yang baik untuk memperkecil nilai tahanan pentanahan yang dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan zat aditif pada