PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION IN TIMOR-LESTE Analysis of National Disability Policy Framework in Timor-Leste

PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION IN TIMOR-LESTE

Analysis of National Disability Policy Framework in Timor-Leste

LIST OF APPENDICES:

I. APPENDIX 1: DETAILS OF NATIONAL POLICY WORKING GROUP MEMBERS 1

II. APPENDIX 2: TIMOR-LESTE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 4

III. APPENDIX 3: INTERNATIONAL POLICY PARTNERS AND TIMOR-LESTE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTING

PARTNERS TEAM 6

IV. APPENDIX 4 – ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK ON INCLUSIVE POLICY DESIGN: APPLIED VERSION 7

V. APPENDIX 5 – EQUIFRAME 26

VI. APPENDIX 6 - SUMMARY OF KEY ACTIONS IN EQUIPP 36

1

I.

Appendix 1: Details of National Policy Working Group members

List of NPWG Member - Social Inclusion Project N

o Name Institution Position

1 Mateus da Silva Ministry of Social and Solidarity MSS / DNAS

National Directorate of Social Assistance, Head of Program Development Department

2 Dinis da Silva Ministry of Social and Solidarity MSS

Head and Chief Department of Humanitarian Assistance Program

3 Silveiro Pinto STATISTIC

Chief Statistic Training Centre GDS, Unit Coordinator & Operational Statistic , General Director of Statistic Ministry Finance

4 Estanislau Mariano STATISTIC Chief International Corporation

5 Florindo Napoleão Secretariat of State Youth and Sports

Chief Department of Human Resources and Administration

6 Filipe Soares Forum Tau Matan / Watch

Forum Child Protection Trainer

7 Justino Sarmento The ASIA FOUNDATION

Monitoring Evaluation Officer - (Nabilan) Ending Violence Against Women Program

8 Antonieta Maia The ASIA FOUNDATION

Senior Program Officer – Support for Good Public Policy Program, Women Weavers Project Coordinator

9 Fausto Guterres Student University UNPAZ

Social Science and Human (SCH) faculty, Department of International Relationship

10 Eligito Pereira Student University UNPAZ

Social Science and Human (SCH) faculty, Department of International Relationship

11 Jose Monteiro Minestery Education Chief of Inclusive

12 Jose Cornelio University UNPAZ Dean of Social Science & Politic

2 Antoninho da Silva

Soares

AHISAUN (Disability People Organization / DPO )

14 David Marcal AHISAUN ( Disability People

Organization / DPO ) Program Manager

15

Amelia C.de A.

Andrade Unniversity UNPAZ

Chief Department of Politic Development

List of Institution which take which represented by National Policy Working Group (NPWG)

No NPWG Members Institution

1 2 MSS ( Minister Social and Solidarity )

2 4 University UNPAZ

3 2 Statistic / Minestery of Finance

4 2 AHISAUN (Disability People Organisation)

5 1 Forum Tau Matan (Watch Forum)

6 2 ASIA FOUNDATION

7 1 Minestery Education / INCLUSIVE

8 1 Secretariat of State Youth and Sports / SEJD

4

II.

Appendix 2: Timor-Leste Project Implementation Framework

Policy Initiation Workshop: Capacity-building components

Partner Actions and areas of responsibility Deliverables Lead National

Implementing Partner

- Bring together the key national stakeholders to discuss and validate the policy priority for the project

- Facilitate the policy research, assessment and revision processes within the sub working group to be established during the workshop

- Ensure the logistics of the meeting, including the translation and interpretation

- Validation of the policy proposal for assessment and revision, identified in the preparatory stage for the project

- Draft plan of action to improve inclusiveness of the identified policies (drafted based on input from all participants as an outcome of the Policy Initiation Workshop)

- One national sub working group established around the policies under consideration

UNESCO HQ

One Senior Consultant

Understanding inclusive policy framework:

- Parameters of Inclusive Policies from

UNESCO’s perspective

- The Conceptual Framework of Policy Innovation Lab and the linkages with the project

- Guide on assessing the degree of inclusiveness of public policies

UNESCAP

One Senior Consultant

Data Capacity-building:

- Introduction to the generic data gaps and quality assessment framework

- Facilitating the development of action plan to address the identified data gaps

- building the capacities of the national counterparts on data collection and analysis methodologies that allow a special focus on inclusiveness policy features

- A toolkit for assessing gaps in availability and quality of data to support policies and programmes to promote social inclusion

- Identification of the gaps in availability and quality of data to support policies that promote social inclusion (to be delivered together with the lead national implementing partner and other relevant national stakeholders, such as national statistics office)

EquiFrame

One Senior Consultant & One Associate

Policy Capacity-building:

- Introduction of the Inclusive Policy Process model

- application of EquiFrame policy analysis tool for assessing the degree of inclusiveness of selected policies

- EquiFrame policy analysis tool as a model

5

Policy Review Facilitation: Capacity-building components

Partner Activities/responsibilities Deliverable

Lead National Implementing Partner

- Conducting policy consultation process.

- Facilitating the collection and analysis of the data by the sub working group, assisted by the international implementing partners.

- Ensuring the logistics and communication with the international partners as needed.

- liaising between the national and international partners on addressing the constraining factors in programme implementation

- Policy proposals that have been revised as the result of the policy review facilitation processes by the national working groups, with close support from the international implementing partners

UNESCO HQ

Two Senior Consultants

Understanding inclusive policy framework:

- Parameters of Inclusive Policies: UNESCO’s perspective

- Policy Innovation Lab based on the outcomes of the project (out of country)

- One mission to the country of 4 day duration

- Several skype conferences (frequency to be determined based on need)

- Regular support through email and/or phone communication - Policy Innovation Lab

UNESCAP

Two Senior Consultants

Data Capacity-building:

- Supporting the national team in applying the framework to the selected social policies and programmes

- Supporting the national team in developing a medium term action plan to address data gaps and data quality issues identified during the Policy initiation workshop

- Development of a web platform for data gaps and quality assessment frameworks (out of country)

- One mission to the country

- Regular support through teleconferencing sessions (as needed), email and/or phone communication

- a web platform for data gaps and quality assessment frameworks

EquiFrame

Two Senior Consultants & One Associate

Policy Capacity-building:

- Supporting each participant in the policy revision process

- Assisting the national team to identify the barriers and facilitating factors in the process

- Application of the EquiFrame policy analysis tool

- One mission to the country

6

III.

Appendix 3: International Policy Partners and Timor-Leste

National Implementing Partners Team

International Policy Partners (capacity-building providers)

Partner General Functions Experts

UNESCO

Field Office Overall Coordination Irakli Khodeli (SHS/Jakarta)

UNESCO HQ

 Provision of expertize on inclusive policy framework (in-country)

 Development of Policy Innovation Lab based on the outcomes of the project (out of country)

Iulia Sevciuc (RPF/SHS), Alexander Hauschild (consultant)

UNESCAP

 Capacity-building on data: application of assessment framework and development of action plans to dress the identified data gaps (in-country)

 Development of data gaps and quality assessment framework, including as a web platform (out of country)

Yanhong Zhang (ESCAP/Bangkok) Jessica Gardner (Consultant)

EquiFrame

 Capacity-building on policy: introduction of the Inclusive Policy Process model and the application of EquiFrame policy analysis tool for assessing the degree of inclusiveness

Mac MacLachlan (consultant) Hasheem Mannan (consultant)

Tessy Huss (consultant)

Timor-Leste National Implementing Partners Team

Timor-Leste National Commission for UNESCO – the Lead National Implementing Partner Key Functions:

1. Convening the national partners for this project.

2. Coordinating the national consultative process to identify policies to be assessed and improved through this project.

3. Coordinating the consultation with national stakeholders on data needs based on the identified policy priorities.

4. Serving as the main interlocutor for the International Expert Partners Team for this project. 5. Facilitating the policy research and policy revision processes conducted by the national

implementing team.

6. Organizing the two workshops (Inception and Conclusion) of the project.

7. Facilitating the work of the national stakeholder groups in between the workshops. 8. Presenting the improved policy frameworks to the government during the national dialogue

events.

9. Drafting, in collaboration with the international implementing partners, the report on the policy revision exercise and the lessons learned.

 Ministry of Social Solidarity (MSS)

 State Secretariat for Youth and Sport

 National Statistics Directorate http://www.statistics.gov.tl/

7

IV.

Appendix 4

–

Analytical Framework on Inclusive Policy Design:

Applied version

Abbreviations

e.g.

for example (from Latin id est.)

EU

European Union

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

M&E

Monitoring and evaluation

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding

MPI

Multidimensional Poverty Index

SDG

Sustainable Development Goals

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

USA

United States of America

A.

History of social inclusion

“Exclusion violates human rights and dignity. It holds societies back from sustainable

development. This is the importance of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

–

to

empower every man and woman, to advance justice, to eradicate poverty, to protect the

planet, inclusion stands at the heart of the Agenda.”

1

Social inclusion is not a new topic in the development world. The issue has been addressed very

early during the

1995 Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development

2

.

Article 2 of the

declaration mentions the terminology ‘social inclusion’:

We acknowledge that the people of the world have shown in different ways an urgent need to

address profound social problems, especially poverty, unemployment and social exclusion, that

affect every country. …

Twenty years later, the recently developed

2015 Sustainable Development Goals

3

(SDGs)

and

the 2030 development agenda are putting much focus on social inclusion. Six out 17 sustainable

development goals address social inclusion, while others goals are supporting social inclusion.

Goal 4:

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning

opportunities for all.

1 _{Irina Bokova, UNESCO Director-General, 29. October 2015 at Sofia University, Bulgaria,}

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/sv/news/inclusion_at_the_heart_of_the_2030_agenda_for_sustainable_development/#.VrsPpJN 97wc

2 _{World Summit for Social Development Agreements,}

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/wssd/text-version/agreements/index.html

8

Goal 8:

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive

employment and decent work for all.

Goal 9:

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization

and foster innovation.

Goal 10:

Reduce inequality within and among countries.

Goal 11:

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Goal 16:

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide

access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at

all.

B.

Dimensions of social exclusion and inclusion

UNESCO developed at set of six dimensions of social exclusion and inclusion. The dimension s

put us in the position to understand and somewhat measure social inclusion in our societies.

The six dimensions explain that social inclusion and exclusion are complex issues that can only

be addressed by cross-cutting, multi-disciplinary, and long-term policies.

The six dimensions of social inclusion and exclusion are:

1.

Multi-dimensional dimension

2.

Relational dimension

3.

Group based or individual dimension

4.

Dynamic dimension

5.

Level and contextual dimension

6.

Participatory dimension

C.

Markers of inclusive policies

Within the analytical framework, markers or indicators have been developed to measure the

level of achievement of each dimension within a policy. Each maker is accompanied by a couple

of design ideas for inclusive policy design.

D.

Social exclusion and inclusion is multidimensional

1. Description

9

Dimensions of social inclusion

People who are socially excluded do not have full access to participation in

-

Civic dimension, e.g. rights to access to cast or become a candidate in public elections

-

Cultural dimension, e.g. limited access to education services

-

Economic dimension, e.g. limited access to the labour market

-

Political dimension e.g. participation in elections as candidate or voter

-

Social dimension, e.g. limited access to social welfare systems, access to health services

2. Markers

A policy with multi-dimensional policy should ideally reflect the following makers:

Multidimensional Policy Marker 1: Inclusion is an explicit and overarching goal that

cuts across sectoral policies

1.a. Inclusion is reached through a system

or portfolio of policy actions

-

An effective policy portfolio is

multi-dimensional and covers the social,

economic, civic and political, and

cultural sector.

Example 1: EU labour market

4

The EU’s recommendation for the

inclusion of persons excluded from

the labour market pushes for three

integrated interventions:

1.

Income support

2.

Inclusive labour markets

3.

Access to quality services

1.b. Inclusion is a supra-goal at the strategic

level

4 _{See Frazer (2012); Blommesteijn, M. (2013), Assessment of the implementation of the European Commission}

Recommendation on Active Inclusion: A Study of National Policies: The Netherlands, European Commission, Directorate General of Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, Brussels.


Social inclusion/exclusion

Civic

dimension

Cultural

dimension

Economic

dimension

Political

dimension

10

-

The goal of inclusion is part of all

policies.

-

M&E of all concerned policies allow

for the tracking of progress under the

overarching goal of inclusion.

-

Inclusion is not integrated as a “on

paper” goal only; it is adequately

operationalized.

Example 2: Malaysia’s 11

th

Development Plan

5

Malaysia’s current development plan

(2016-2020) elevates the goal of

social inclusion to one among 10

goals (strategic thrusts). To achieve

this goal, the development plan

focuses its action on

1.

support of poor households,

2.

community empowerment,

3.

transformation of rural areas,

4.

accelerated regional growth,

and

5.

Economic development for

the Bumiputra Economic

Community.

1.c. Resources are allocated to inclusion

based on real and assessed needs

-

Social inclusion is not no-cost add-on

to existing policies.

-

Are resources allocated for the

achievement of social inclusion?

-

Could resources be reallocated to

better support social inclusion?

Multidimensional Policy Marker 2: Social inclusion is achieved through integrated

and coordinated interventions

2.a. Inclusion is reached through integrated

interventions

-

Are the interventions to achieve

social inclusion multidimensional?

-

Are the interventions designed and

implemented by interdisciplinary

multi-stakeholder team?

Example 3: Supporting homeless

people in the USA

6

In the USA, nineteen government

departments and agencies, NGOs

and the private sector under the

coordination of the US Interagency

Council for the Homeless support

people living in shelters to

1.

move to transitional housing,

2.

prepare for jobs,

3.

receive drug and alcohol

treatment if necessary,

4.

reunite with their families,

5.

find a permanent home, and

6.

stay housed.

2.b. Integrated interventions must be

coordinated

-

Are mechanisms in place that allow

coordination across sectors?

(education, health, civic, political,

culture)

-

Are mechanisms in place to allow

coordination across levels? (national,

meso, micro)

-

Are mechanisms in place to allow

coordination across service

5 _{Malaysian Government (2015), Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016-2020: Anchoring Growth on People, Economic}

Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department, Kuala Lumpur.


6 _{Silver, H. (2012), “Framing Social Inclusion policies”, Background paper draft, World Bank, Washington, DC, p 21}

11

providers? (public, private,

non-profit)

Multidimensional Policy Marker 3: Public sector innovations support the

achievement of social

3.a. Trial and error approach

-

Do policy makers and service

providers have the freedom and

flexibility to apply a ‘try, test and

improve’ approach to inclusive p

olicy

development and implementation?

Example 4: HIV test result delivery

in Zambia

7

In 2010, the Mwana project

implemented by the Zambian

Ministry of Health reduced the time

to deliver HIV test results from 66 to

33 days in average. The project

delivered test results through mobile

phone messages.

3.b. Inclusion of beneficiaries though new

technologies during the design process

-

Are beneficiaries involved in the

policy design process?

-

Which new technologies can be

helpful to increasingly involve the

beneficiaries of social inclusion

policies?

3.c. Using new technologies to improve the

implementation of services

-

Do service providers make us of new

technologies like the internet or

mobile phones?

3.d. Public sector innovation

-

Is innovation encouraged in the field

of inclusive policy design and

delivery?

Multidimensional Policy Marker 4: Availability of integrated and policy sensitive

data

4.a. Integrated data collection

-

Is data collected in a coherent

manner to support social inclusion

policies?

Example 5: Social media as crisis

indicator

8

In Indonesia, the number of Twitter

messages closely matched the

official inflation statistics, showing

how the volume and topics of

Twitter conversations can reflect a

population’s

concerns in close to real

time.

4.b. Data must be equity weighted

-

Does the collected data enable the

detection and tracking of disparities?

4.c. Data collection must be timely

7 UNICEF (2012), “Project Mwana: Using mobile technology to improve early infant diagnosis of HIV”, Partnership profile, http://www.unicef.org/partners/Partnership_profile_2012_Mwana_Zambia_V2_approved.pdf

8 _{UN Global Pulse (2013), “Big Data for Development: A Primer”,}

12

-

Timely data collection can help to

reduce the impact of an upcoming

crisis on those who are already

socially excluded or threatened to be

excluded.

E.

Social inclusion is relational

1. Description

Social exclusion has negative influence on the development of an individual or group. This

influence becomes measurable when one compares:

i.

The level wellbeing of an individual or group in relation to the wellbeing of mainstream

society, and

ii.

The level wellbeing of an individual or group in relation to its individual potential.

Wellbeing of an

individual or

group

compared to ...

... the

wellebeing

of

mainstream

society.

13

Relational dimension of social inclusion

2. Markers

A policy with the relational dimension should ideally reflect the following makers:

Relational Policy Marker 1: Social inclusion is achieved through equality of

opportunities and outcomes

1.a. Dealing with causes of social inclusion

-

Are causes for social inclusion

addressed in existing policies or do

they deal with symptoms?

-

Social inclusion cannot only be

achieved by dealing with symptoms

of social inclusion.

Example 6: Brunei vision 2035

9

The Brunei Economic Development

Board outlines in its ‘Vision 2035’ to

transform Brunei into a nation

recognised for:

-

the accomplishments of its

well-educated and highly-skilled

people as measured by the

highest international standards;

-

its quality of life that is among

the top 10 nations in the world;

and

-

its dynamic and sustainable

economy.

To achieve this ambitious goal, the

government developed strategies for

the following sectors:

-

education,

-

economy,

-

security,

-

institutional development,

-

local business development,

-

infrastructure development,

-

social security, and

-

environment.

1.b. Opportunities must be equitable not

only equal

-

Are social policies putting in place

services that grant equitable access

-

Are socially excluded persons enabled

to access to enjoy public services?

1.c. Policies must focus on the long term

goal of social inclusion

-

Are policies designed to achieve the

log term goal of social inclusion?

-

Social policies should not focus on

quick wins.

Relational Policy Marker 2: Provision of and access to services

2.a. Providing public services and access to

public services

-

Are public services available?

Example 7: Conditional transfer

systems payments in Columbia,

Mexico and Columbia

10

9_{The Brunei Economic Development Board, “Vision 2035”,}

http://www.bedb.com.bn/index.php/about-bedb/the-brunei-vision-2035

10 _{Rawlings, B. L. and Rubio, M. G. (2005), Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs, World}

14

-

Are public services accessible?

‘Conditional transfer system

payments’ have

increased the

enrolment of boys and girls in

schools. The payments are made to

families whose children are in school

age but do not yet attend school.

They are made under the condition

that if a family accepts the payments,

the children have to attend school.

2.b. Acceptance and uptake of public

services

-

Do the beneficiaries accept and make

use of public services?

-

What are the reasons for low uptake

and rejection?

Relational Policy Marker 3: Resources must be redirected towards socially

excluded persons

3.a. Redirection of resources

-

Are resources redirected towards

groups that are socially excluded?

-

Is participation of the socially

excluded practiced during public

budget expenditure planning?

Example 8: Situation of Roma in

Southeast Europe

11

Insufficient education and

participation in the labour market

among Roma, the combined

economic losses of four countries in

Europe (Serbia, the Czech Republic,

Bulgaria, and Romania) amount

annually to as much as 5.7 billion

Euros, while the fiscal losses are

estimated at 2 billion Euros annually.

Inclusive policies that holistically

address the issue of low participation

in the labour market would benefit

everybody in these countries.

3.b. Is society aware of groups of persons

that are socially excluded

-

Society must be made aware of

groups of persons that are socially

excluded.

-

Society must be made aware of the

impact of social exclusion on society

at large.

-

Society must be made aware of the

cost of social exclusion versus the

cost of inclusive polices and services.

3.c. The role of international players in

achieving social inclusion

-

The international community through

bilateral and multilateral channels is

in the position to support the

development of social policies and

increase the wellbeing of people.

11 _{UNDP (2006), At Risk: Roma and the Displaced in Southeast Europe, Bratislava: UNDP,}

15

Relational Policy Marker 4: Relation between mainstream population and the

excluded

3.a. Social policies must target all groups of

society

-

Are social policies acceptable for all

groups of society?

-

Does social inclusion mean

conformity and threatens certain

groups of society to loose identity.

3.b. Social inclusion must be accompanied

by meaningful dialogue

-

Social policy must initiate a dialogue

between groups that are included

and groups that excluded.

-

Dialogue must be meaningful and

dialogue parties must be on equal

footing.

F.

Social inclusion has a group based and individual approach

dimension

1. Description

Successful removal of barriers - barriers that keep individuals or groups of society from

participating and enjoying the same right, freedoms and obligations as mainstream society - are

best approached through a combination of group and individual interventions.

Group interventions are suitable to create impact for the majority of members of society but

not all. Therefore individual interventions are necessary for those who are left behind or not

thoroughly attended by group interventions.

16

Combination of group based interventions and individual interventions leads to social

inclusion

2. Markers

A policy that allows for group based and individual interventions should ideally reflect the

following makers:

Group based and individual approach Policy Marker 1: Exclusion risks

1.a. Group conditions and individual

characteristics

-

People prone to social exclusion are

not a homogenous group.

-

Even members of traditionally

excluded groups show individual

characteristics that make them prone

to exclusion.

-

These individual characteristics are

linked to age, education,

employment, ethnicity, gender,

health, income, language, religion,

and place of residence.

Example 9: Twin track approach for

empowerment of persons with

disabilities

12

Track 1 involves the integrations of

disability sensitive measure into

design, implementation, monitoring

and evaluation of policies and

programmes.

Track 2 accommodates the different

individual impairment specific needs

of persons with disabilities.

12 _{UN Economic and Social Council (2012), “Mainstreaming Disability in the Development Agenda”,}

www.un.org/disabilities/documents/reports/e_cn5_2012_6.doc

Group based interventions

Individual interventions

17

1.b. Social exclusion is a common risk that

does not exclusively threaten traditionally

excluded groups

-

Policies must not only focus on

traditionally excluded groups.

-

Policies must include safety nets for

all citizens, as they all may become

victims of social exclusion.

Group based and individual approach Policy Marker 2: Institutionalised drivers of

exclusion

2.a. Structural, behavioural and policy

related drivers of exclusion

-

Do institutions exclude groups or

individuals in society?

-

Do our values and behaviours exclude

groups or individuals in society?

-

Do our policies have an inclusive

character?

Example 10: Pro Bumiputra policies

in Malaysia

13

Since 1971, with the introduction of

the New Economic Policy (NEP), the

government gives its Malay

population major benefits over the

Chinese and Indian population of the

country. The benefits range from

access to education, housing, public

service jobs, and banking services.

This kind policy have the risk of

creating a two-class society.

2.b. Bottlenecks and loopholes in existing

policies

-

Do our existing policies show

systematic barriers to inclusion?

-

Systematic identification of loopholes

and bottlenecks in existing policies is

necessary to improve the wellbeing

of marginalized groups and

individuals.

Group based and individual approach Policy Marker 3: Breadth and depth of an

intervention

3.a. Risks and drivers as well as degree of

coverage of an inclusive policy

Example 11: Multidimensional

Poverty Index (MPI)

14

13_{The Economist, “A Never Ending Policy”,}

http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21576654-elections-may-could-mark-turning-point-never-ending-policy

The Malay Online, “Malaysia breaking international laws with pro-Bumiputra policies, Suaran advisor claims”,

http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/malaysia-breaking-international-laws-with-pro-bumiputera-policies-suaram-ad

14 _{See Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and their work on multidimensional poverty. <}

http://www.ophi.org.uk/research/multidimensional-poverty/> and

18

-

Breadth: how many exclusion risks

and drivers for exclusion are

addressed in a policy?

-

Depth: to which degree are they

addressed in a policy?

Mexico, Columbia, Tunisia and

Pakistan are implementing the MPI.

The MPI classifies each member of a

household as ‘poor’ or ‘non

-

poor’

based on the deprivations the

individual experiences in the

dimensions of health, education and

living standards. The results are then

aggregated into a national measure.

Such an exercise provides

action-relevant data both on how many

people experience deprivations and

on how many deprivations they face

on average.

3.b. Bottlenecks and loopholes in existing

policies

-

Do our existing policies show

systematic barriers to inclusion?

-

Systematic identification of loopholes

and bottlenecks in existing policies is

necessary to improve social inclusion

of marginalized groups and

individuals.

Group based and individual approach Policy Marker 4: Differentiated effects of

policies

4.a. Differentiated effects

-

Does the policy take into account

differentiated impact on different

members of society?

Group based and individual approach Policy Marker 5: Policy interventions should

be tailored to the needs of the excluded

5.a. Tailored interventions

-

Tailored interventions are not

exclusive to certain groups.

-

Tailored interventions try to increase

uptake and acceptance in certain

beneficiary groups.

Example 12: Decentralisation of

services to local organisations

15

To increase uptake of services in

Maori communities in New Zealand,

the government decided to

decentralise service delivery to

Maori organisations.

5.b. Tailoring to common patterns of

exclusion

-

Policies can be tailored not only to

ethnic group needs but also to other

socio-economic groups, risks,

(common) intersections of such risks,

and the resulting specific patterns of

exclusion and deprivation.

19

G.

Dynamic dimension of social exclusion and inclusion

1. Description

A person’s inclusion status is never static.

Changing environments can (i) expose persons to

new driver of exclusion or (ii) increase or reduce the impact of existing divers of

exclusion.

Social inclusion is a

process

that implements

interventions

to bring people who are at the

margins of our societies back to the centre of society.

Social inclusion is an

Ultimate Goal

: A society where all its members are included, have the

same rights, same freedoms, and equitable opportunities for human development.

Social Inclusion

–

process and goal

2. Makers

A policy that addresses social inclusion in form of a process and has social inclusion as the

ultimate goal should ideally reflect the following makers:

Dynamic Policy Marker 1: Policies must consider historical causes for exclusion

1.a. Persistence of deprivation

Example 13: UK’s Sure Start

16

16 _{United Kingdom, Department for Education (2010), The quality of group childcare settings used by 3-4 year old}

children in Sure Start Local Programme areas and the relationship with child outcomes, Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/182027/DFE-RR068.pdf

Current state of

our societies:

Members of

society are

socially excluded

Process:

Social

Inclusion

Interventions to

battle social

exclusion

20

-

Policies must give special

consideration to those groups of

people who are historically and

traditionally socially excluded.

‘Sure Start’ is set to tackle the cycle

of social exclusion and child poverty

through improved childcare, early

education, health and family

support. The programme utilises

panel data rather than aggregate

cross-sectional data in order to track

the progress of the participating

children.

1.b. Adequate data collection

-

To measure the impact of a policy,

data should be gathered before a

new policy is being implemented and

after its implementation.

-

Data collection must focus on

crosscutting data at different points

of time to enable comparison and

impact documentation of policies.

1.c. Historical context social exclusion

-

To develop meaningful policies that

empower certain excluded groups, it

is essential to study the historical

context of their exclusion.

Analysis of the historical context of

excluded groups in society is essential

to drafting meaningful policies that

cure symptoms.

Dynamic Policy Marker 2: Policies must be long term

2.a. Unplanned results of long term policies

-

Social policies might lead to

unpredictable impact.

-

Monitoring impact of policies is

essential.

2.b. Newly emerging drivers of exclusion

-

Policies must have the potential to

deal with newly emerging causes for

exclusion.

-

Rapid data collection mechanisms

must be part of a good policy.

2.c. Awareness of capacity and limitation

-

Policy makers should be aware of

their limitations.

Dynamic Policy Marker 3: Policies must have pro-active preventive early

intervention mechanisms as well as reactive mechanisms

21

-

Pro-active preventive early

intervention means that policies

include mechanisms that look critical

at society and try to identify drivers

for exclusion for exclusion prone

groups and individuals at an early

stage.

3.b. Reactive

-

Reactive means that policies must

have mechanisms that support those

who are already socially excluded.

H.

Levels and context dimension

1. Description

Social exclusion happens at all levels of our societies: macro level, meso level and micro level. A

meaningful policy that favours social inclusion must address issues at all levels of society.

2. Makers

A policy that addresses social exclusion on all levels of society should ideally reflect the

following makers:

Micro

•

Individual

•

Household

Meso

•

Neighbourhoods

•

Communities

Macro

•

Nation states

22

Levels and context marker 1: In-country coordination and coherence

1.a. Systematic pulls

-

Policies must address all levels of

society.

Example 14: Timor Leste disability

policy and action plan

17

Timor Leste has developed a

disability policy and implementation

action plan to empower and include

persons with disabilities. The policy

covers accessibility and mobility,

cultural and sports activities,

education, gender equality, health,

information and communication,

justice, social assistance, and

vocational training and employment.

The implementation is coordinated

but the Ministry of Social Solidarity in

cooperation with the Ministry of

Health, Ministry of Justice, Ministry

of Education, Ministry of Public

Works, Ministry of Transportation

and Communication, Secretary of

State for Employment and Vocational

Training, Secretary of State for the

Promotion of Gender Equality,

Secretary of State for Social

Communication, and Secretary of

State of Youth and Sport.

1.b. Horizontal coordination

-

Inter-ministerial coordination and

cooperation is necessary to develop

and implement crosscutting social

inclusion policies.

1.c. Vertical coordination

-

Intra-ministerial - e.g. national level,

provincial level, and district level -

coordination to socialize policies and

monitor their implementation on all

levels of society.

1.d. Coherence, quality and efficiency

-

Good coordination is a means, not

the goal!

Levels and context marker 2: Regional coordination and cooperation

2.a. Soft laws

-

Soft laws or MOUs on regional level

are a way to boost mutual learning,

exchange of best practices,

transparency and policy

harmonisation.

Example 15: ASEAN’s Kuala Lumpur

declaration on ‘ASEAN 2025: Forging

Ahead Together’

18

The Declaration focus among other

points on the development of a

community that engages as well as

benefits the people and is inclusive,

sustainable, resilient, and dynamic.

2.b. Non-standardized instruments

17 _{Policy: Timor Leste Council of Ministers (2012), “Timor Leste Government Resolution 14/2012 approving the} national policy for inclusion and promotion of the rights of people with disabilities”

Action Plan: Ministry of Social Solidarity (2014), “National Action Plan for People with Disabilities 2014-2018”

18 _{ASEAN Secretariat (2015), “ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together”, p. 16,}

23

-

Flexible regional cooperation

frameworks among nation states are

necessary to increase social inclusion.

The heads of state agreed to achieve

this by:

-

Implementing inclusive

mechanism that benefit all

people.

-

Protecting the rights of women,

children, youth, the elderly,

persons with disabilities, migrant

workers and marginalised groups.

-

Promoting social development

and environmental protection.

-

Adapting and responding to social

and economic vulnerabilities,

disasters, climate change, and

emerging threats.

-

A harmonious community that is

proud of its heritage and has the

ability to innovate and contribute

to the global community.

I.

Participatory dimension

1. Description

24

2. Markers

A policy that addresses participation of those who are socially excluded should ideally reflect

the following makers:

Participatory marker1: Meaningful participation

1.a. Participation as a goal

-

Do policy beneficiaries participate in

decision-making and policy design?

Example 16: Gunung Kidul district in

Indonesia

19

The district of Gunung Kidul decided

to involve persons with disabilities in

the yearly planning and budgeting

cycle to develop services that are

accessible and meet their needs.

Announcing the participation

opportunity ahead of time and laying

out the agenda introduced the

process. Due to the complex

structure of the planning and

1.b. Participation at all stages of policy

development

-

Do beneficiaries participate during

priority setting, policy formulation,

budgeting, and policy

implementation?

1.c. Institutionalized participation

19 _{Handicap International, Advocacy for Change project,}

http://www.handicap-international-id.org/projects/past-project/108-advocating-for-changes-project-in-indonesia

Participation

of those who

are socially

excluded in ...

... development

... planning

... budgeting ...

25

-

Participation of the excluded should

ideally be guaranteed through

institutionalised mechanisms.

budgeting process, persons with

disabilities were given the

opportunity to access quality

capacity building by local capacity

civil society organisations to increase

their knowledge and skills related to

planning, budgeting, codes of

conduct, presentation skills etc.

Participatory marker 2: Transition towards full and regular participation of the

excluded

2.a. Proactive involvement of excluded

segments of society

-

The mere opportunity to participate

in not enough.

-

People who are excluded must be

pro-actively invited to participate.

Example 21: see example above

2.b. Capacity building to enable excluded

segments to participate

-

People who are excluded might need

access to capacity building

26

V.

Appendix 5

–

EquiFrame

No .

Core Concept Key Question Key Language

1. Non-

discrimination

Does the Policy support the rights of vulnerable groups with equal opportunity in receiving health care?

Vulnerable groups are not

discriminated against on the basis of their distinguishing

characteristics (i.e. Living away from services; Persons with disabilities; Ethnic minority or Aged).

2. Individualized services

Does the Policy support the rights of vulnerable groups with individually tailored services to meet their needs and choices?

Vulnerable groups receive appropriate, effective, and understandable services.

3. Entitlement Does the Policy indicate how vulnerable groups may qualify for specific benefits relevant to them?

People with limited resources are entitled to some services free of charge or persons with disabilities may be entitled to respite grant. 4. Capability-

based services

Does the Policy recognize the capabilities existing within vulnerable groups?

For instance, peer to peer support among women- headed households or shared cultural values among ethnic minorities. 5. Participation Does the Policy support the

right of vulnerable groups to participate in the decisions that affect their lives and enhance their empowerment?

Vulnerable groups can exercise choices and influence decisions affecting their life. Such

consultation may include planning, development,

implementation, and evaluation. 6. Coordination of

services

Does the Policy support assistance of vulnerable groups in accessing services from within a single provider system (inter-agency) or more than one provider system (intra-agency) or more than one sector (inter-sectoral)?

Vulnerable groups know how services should interact where inter-agency, intra-agency, and inter- sectoral collaboration is required.

7. Protection from harm

Vulnerable groups are protected from harm during their interaction with health and related systems

Vulnerable groups are protected from harm during their

interaction with health and related systems

8. Liberty Does the Policy support the right of vulnerable groups to be free from unwarranted

27 physical or other

confinement?

custody of the service system/provider. 9. Autonomy Does the Policy support the

right of vulnerable groups to consent, refuse to consent, withdraw consent, or

otherwise control or exercise choice or control over what happens to him or her?

Vulnerable groups can express

“independence” or “self- determination”. For instance, person with an intellectual disability will have recourse to an independent third party

regarding issues of consent and choice.

10. Privacy Does the Policy address the need for information

regarding vulnerable groups to be kept private and

confidential?

Information regarding vulnerable groups need not be shared among others.

11. Integration Does the Policy promote the use of mainstream services by vulnerable groups?

Vulnerable groups are not barred from participation in services that are provided for general

population. 12. Contribution Does the Policy recognize that

vulnerable groups can be productive contributors to society?

Vulnerable groups make a meaningful contribution to society.

13. Family resource Does the Policy recognize the value of the family members of vulnerable groups in addressing health needs?

The policy recognizes the value of family members of vulnerable groups as a resource for addressing health needs. 14. Family support Does the Policy recognize
that

individual members of vulnerable groups may have an impact on the family members, requiring additional support from health services?

Persons with chronic illness may have mental health effects on other family members, such that these family members

themselves require support.

15. Cultural

responsiveness

Does the Policy ensure that services respond to the beliefs, values, gender, interpersonal styles, attitudes, cultural, ethnic, or linguistic aspects of the person?

i) Vulnerable groups are

consulted on the acceptability of the service provided ii) Health facilities, goods and services must be respectful of ethical principles and culturally appropriate, i.e. respectful of the culture of vulnerable groups

16. Accountability Does the Policy specify to whom, and for what, services providers are accountable?

Vulnerable groups have access to internal and independent

professional evaluation or procedural safeguard. 17. Prevention Does the Policy support

28 conditions?

18. Capacity building

Does the Policy support the capacity building of health workers and of the system that they work in addressing health needs of vulnerable groups?

19. Access Does the Policy support vulnerable groups – physical, economic, and information access to health services?

Vulnerable groups have accessible health facilities (i.e., transportation; physical structure of the facilities; affordability and understandable information in appropriate format).

20. Quality Does the Policy support efficiency by providing a structured way of matching health system resources with service demands in addressing health needs of vulnerable groups?

Vulnerable groups are assured of the quality of the clinically appropriate services.

29 Core Concept coverage and examples of Key Language used

N o.

Core Concept

Key Language of the National Disability Policy

Frequency Quality

1 Non-discriminati on

Ensure that people with disabilities may obtain the services provided by health professionals, technical support, medication and specialized treatment in an equitable manner, regardless of place of

III 2

Vulnerable Group Definitions (Mannan et al, 2011)

Vulnerable Groups Definition

Limited Resources Referring to poor people or people living in poverty Increased risk for

Morbidity; Ischaemic heart disease, LRTI, CVD, Perinatal

conditions, COPD, Diarrhoeal Disease, TB, HIV/AIDS, RTA, Self-inflicted harm.

Referring to people with one of the top 10 illnesses, identified by WHO, as occurring within the relevant country

Mother- Child Mortality

Referring to factors affecting maternal and child health (0-5 years)

Women-headed Households

Referring to households headed by a woman

Children (with Special Needs)

Referring to children marginalized by special contexts, such as orphans or street children

Aged Referring to older age

Youth Referring to younger age without identifying gender

Ethnic Minorities Referring to non-majority groups in terms of culture, race or ethnic identity

Displaced Populations

Referring to people who, because
of civil unrest or unsustainable livelihoods, have been displaced from their previous residence Living away from

Services

Referring to people living far from health services, either in time or distance

Suffering from Chronic Illness

Referring to people who have an illness which requires continuing need for care

30 residence (rural or

urban) 2 Individualize

d Services

Increase the ability and diversify the response of physical and mental rehabilitation centers in order to meet the needs of people with disabilities; Ensure that equipment, and school learning materials are tailored to the type of disability and the process of learning

III 3

3 Entitlement Ensure the existence of social services to support people with disabilities and their families.

I 1

4 Capability Based Service

/ 0 0

5 Participatio n

The National Policy for Inclusion and

Promotion of the Rights of People with Disabilities has to that extent, defined principles and strategies to be implemented in a phased and

progressive manner by government

departments and state agencies, in order to ensure the

participation of disabled people in the society

IIIII 2

6 Coordinatio n of Services

Recognizing that the promotion of the rights of disabled people

requires the

involvement and coordination among multiple public and private institutions

IIII 2

7 Protection from Harm

There is a duty of protection by the State

31 8 Liberty The disabled person

must be maintained, whenever possible, with his family and his own social and professional

environment, so the institutionalization should be a measure of last resort

I 1

9 Autonomy / 0 0

10 Privacy / 0 0

11 Integration Create conditions that allow the integration, maintenance and professional

integration of disabled people in the labor market, through rehabilitation measures and

technical professional conversion.

IIIII 2

12 Contributio n

/ 0 0

13 Family Resource

/ 0 0

14 Family Support

Develop early

intervention activities that contribute to an immediate response to the needs of children with disabilities, through the strengthening of community health programs that involve the family

II 3

15 Cultural Responsiven ess

/ 0 0

16 Accountabili ty

/ 0 0

17 Prevention Develop early

intervention activities that contribute to an immediate response to the needs of children

32 with disabilities,

through the strengthening of community health programs that involve the family and the community 18 Capacity

Building

Ensure the existence of health professionals with specialized training, including physiotherapists, orthopedists,

occupational and speech therapists, psychiatrists, nurses, physiatrists,

psychologists and social workers

III 1

19 Access Promoting the transport of people with physical disabilities to health services in special or adapted vehicles

IIIIIIIIIIIII 3

20 Quality Ensure that technical assistance provided to people with disabilities is under the set internationally standards

I 1

21 Efficiency Financially and

technically support the institutions of civil society to provide assistance to people with disabilities and their families

33

Core Concept Terminology for core concepts in the UN CRPD (Article of UN CRPD in parentheses)

Non-discrimination States Parties shall prohibit all discrimination on the basis of disability (Art 5)

Individualized services States Parties shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that reasonable accommodation is provided (Art 5)

Entitlement In order to promote equality and eliminate

discrimination, States parties shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that reasonable accommodation is provided (Art 5)

Capability based services States Parties undertake to adopt immediate, effective and appropriate measures: to promote awareness of the capabilities and contributions of persons with disabilities (Art 8)

Participation In the development and implementation of legislation and policies to implement the present Convention, and in other decision-making processes concerning issues relating to persons with disabilities, States parties shall closely consult with and actively involve persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, through their representative organizations (Art 4)

Coordination of services States Parties. . . shall give due consideration to the establishment or designation of a coordination

mechanism within government to facilitate related action in different sectors and at different levels (Art 33)

Protection from harm States Parties recognize that all persons are equal before and under the law and are entitled without any

discrimination to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law (Art 5)

Liberty States Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities, on an equal basis with others. . . enjoy the right to liberty (Art 14)

Autonomy The principles of the present Convention shall be: respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the

freedom to make one’s own choices, and independence

of persons (Art 3)

Privacy No person with disabilities. . . shall be subjected to Core concepts of Human Rights in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with

34

arbitrary or unlawful interference with his or her privacy (Art 22)

Integration Community services and facilities for the general

population are available on an equal basis to persons with disabilities and are responsive to their needs (Art 19)

Contribution To promote recognition of the skills, merits and abilities of persons with disabilities, and of their contributions to the workplace and the labor market (Art 8)

Family resource Persons with disabilities and their family members should receive the necessary protection and assistance to enable families to contribute towards the full and equal

enjoyment of the rights of persons with disabilities (Preamble to the Convention)

Family support To ensure access by persons with disabilities and their families living in situations of poverty to assistance from the State with disability-related expenses, including adequate training, counseling, financial assistance and respite care (Art 28)

Cultural responsiveness Persons with disabilities shall be entitled, on an equal basis with others, to recognition and support of their specific cultural and linguistic identity, including sign languages and deaf culture (Art 30)

Accountability In order to prevent the occurrence of all forms of exploitation, violence and abuse, States parties shall ensure that all facilities and programmes designed to serve persons with disabilities are effectively monitored by independent authorities (Art 16)

Prevention States Parties shall provide. . . services designed to

minimize and prevent further disabilities, including among children and older persons (Art 25)

Capacity building Providing training in mobility skills to persons with disabilities and to specialist staff working with persons with disabilities (Art 20)

Access

General

Economic

The principles of the present Convention shall be: accessibility (Art 3)

35 Physical

Informational

them available at affordable cost (Art 20)

States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure to persons with disabilities access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment (Art 9)

To promote other appropriate forms of assistance and support to persons with disabilities to ensure their access to information (Art 9)

Quality States Parties shall. . . provide persons with disabilities with the same range, quality and standard of free or affordable health care and programmes as provided to other persons (Art 25)

36

VI.

Appendix 6 - Summary of Key Actions in EquIPP

Key Action 2: Ensure the highest level of participation This Key Action involves maximising the quality of participation and ensuring that all relevant

1. Vulnerable groups participate at the highest level possible and the possibility for joint- decision making has been considered

1. Do vulnerable groups participate in the highest-level deliberations and decision-making processes? Stakeholder mapping, scheduling of public consultations, partnership frameworks, focus groups, citizen’s panels, 2. The interests of

vulnerable groups

2. Are the interests of vulnerable groups

Theme 1: Inclusive and participatory policy procedure

Key Action 1: Set up inclusive and participatory mechanisms This Key Action involves detailing a public engagement strategy for the purpose of policy

development/ revision.

1. An engagement strategy which actively solicits the participation of vulnerable groups is put in place

1. Are concrete mechanisms in place to engage relevant stakeholders in an

inclusive manner? _Citizen

engagement strategy outcome document(s); citizen engagement strategy policy; stakeholder forums, working group formation; working group reports on citizen engagement; focus groups, consultations

2. Organisational, institutional and regulatory mechanisms for public participation are detailed and communicated with relevant

stakeholders and vulnerable groups

2. Are relevant stakeholders and priority groups adequately informed of the possibility and opportunities for participation?

3. Participatory mechanisms are context appropriate

3. Do engagement strategies take into account contextual factors that may prevent inclusive participation?

37 stakeholders

participate directly or are adequately represented in policy

deliberations.

are taken into consideration at the highest decision- making levels and included in final policy documents

adequately taken into consideration at the highest decision- making levels and are they visibly included in final policy documents? formation of working groups, composition of working groups
or committee; working groups or committee reports; public proceedings; stakeholder mappings

3. Consensus is sought from participants in the formulation process

3. Are policy related decisions consensus- based?

Theme 2: Cross-sectoral and intergovernmental cooperation and coordination

Key Action 3: Strengthen cross-sectoral cooperation This Key Action involves strengthening communicatio n and the flow of information across government departments and the integration of plans and policies.

1. Relevant government departments come together to

formulate an integrated strategy to address specific instances of exclusion

1. Are relevant government departments involved in formulating the policy strategy? Cross-sectoral working plans, cross-sectoral communication plans; secondment of staff, creation of new positions, cross- sectoral definition of social inclusion, creation of inter- departmental task forces and inter-

governmental committees, identification of focal points in different sectors, agreement of terms of

reference (TORs)

2. Working modalities are adapted as appropriate

2. Are working modalities adapted to meet the needs for inter-sectoral cooperation and coordination?

3. A consensually derived definition and clear vision of social inclusion is communicated across government departments

3. Do all relevant departments sign up to the same

definition and vision of social inclusion?

Key Action 4: Strengthen

This Key Action

1. Communication channels connect

1. Does

communication exist

38 inter- governmental cooperation involves the harmonisation of national and local level initiatives through the creation of an overarching policy framework.

national,

intermediary and local levels of government

between all levels of government? issuance of mandates, overarching policy framework, partnership frameworks, evidence of representation of local government in national level meetings, evidence of representation of national government at local level, agreement of terms of reference (TORs)

2. Guidelines and specific mandates are issued to

relevant government departments, executive agencies, local authorities and implementers as part of a

larger partnership framework

2. A larger partnership

framework has been established among relevant actors? Specific guidelines and mandates are issued to relevant actors?

3. National and local initiatives are coordinated and aligned

3. Are efforts made to align national and local initiatives?

Theme 3: Matching social need and provision

Key Action 5: Plan according to need This Key Action involves the adoption of participatory planning techniques to tailor policy provisions to local complexity of needs.

1. A participatory planning technique is adopted

1. Are vulnerable groups participant to and included in the policy planning

process? Needs

assessment, working group formation; rationale for policy priorities, evidence of recognition of the multidimensionali ty of social inclusion, evidence of efforts to seek out local

experiences and knowledge

2. Policy objectives correspond to the specific needs of vulnerable groups and are guided

by the principle of progressive realisation

2. Are policy

objectives informed by the specific needs of vulnerable groups and are they guided by the principle
of progressive realisation?

3. Planning is

informed by how the drivers of social exclusion operate and accumulate over time

39

Key Action 6: Specify actions by which social needs will be addressed This Key Action involves the identification of explicit projects, programmes, and interventions to address social needs and level the playing field and promote social inclusion.

1. Programme level information is detailed and published

1. Are specific programmes identified? Is programme level information available? Programme or project intervention level details, rationale for how distributional equity is achieved; overarching policy documents with clear alignment of priorities, goals and actions; evidence base

2. Programmes are explicit about their intention to level the playing field and promote social inclusion.

2. Are equity and inclusion

considerations in programmes made explicit?

3. Programmes are evidence-based, where possible

3. Are programmes adopted evidence- based?

Theme 4: Social budgeting

Key Action 7: Build equity consideration s into budgets

This Key Action involves the prioritisation and funding of programmes, projects and interventions specifically designed to benefit vulnerable groups in government budgets.

1. Priorities related to inclusion are affirmed in budget statements and this can be inferred from proposed and enacted budgets

1. Are priorities affirmed in budget statements and reaffirmed in proposed and enacted budgets? Priorities clearly affirmed in budget documents, budget statement, proposed budget, enacted budget, earmarked funding for priority programmes

2. Earmarked funding for programmes addresses social disparities

2. Does earmarked funding address social disparities?