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ABSTRAK
Beberapa permasalahan besar yang muncul di beberapa negara akibat peningkatan jumlah penduduk yaitu peningkatan volume sampah dan peningkatan konsumsi energi. Penanggulangan sampah plastik dengan landfill dan insinerasi masih meninggalkan efek samping lain seperti polutan. Cadangan sumber energi tidak terbarukan juga sudah menipis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Proses pirolisis atau cracking sampah plastik dapat menjadi solusi permasalahan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh suhu proses pirolisis dan jumlah katalis silika gel terhadap yield dan kualitas bahan bakar cair yang dihasilkan dari Plastik Bekas Kemasan Gelas (PBKG) jenis Polipropilena (PP). Suhu proses divariasikan yang dimulai dari suhu 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, dan 350 °C. Rasio jumlah bahan baku : jumlah katalis divariasikan dari 10 : 0 (tanpa katalis), 10 : 1, 10 :1,5; 10 : 2, 10 : 2,5, dan 10 : 3. Pirolisis dilakukan selama 2 jam. Rangkaian alat pirolisis terdiri dari reaktor pirolisis, burner / kompor, dan kondensor. Analisis yang dilakukan yaitu analisis densitas / specific gravity / API gravity, viskositas kinematis, karakterisasi GC-MS dan FTIR, dan heating value. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan suhu proses dapat menaikkan yield bahan bakar cair, namun suhu yang sangat tinggi dapat menurunkan yield bahan bakar cair. Penambahan katalis juga dapat menambah yield
bahan bakar cair namun dalam jumlah yang banyak akan menurunkan yield bahan bakar cair. Penambahan katalis silika gel memproduksi fraksi bahan bakar C8 – C21
lebih banyak dibandingkan tanpa penggunaan katalis silika gel. Yield bahan bakar cair tertinggi didapatkan pada pirolisis suhu 350 °C tanpa katalis yaitu 71,064 %. Namun kualitas bahan bakar terbaik didapatkan pada pirolisis suhu 300 °C dengan perbandingan jumlah bahan baku dan katalis silika gel 10 : 3.
Kata kunci : Sampah Plastik, Pirolisis, Cracking, Katalis Silika Gel, Suhu, Bahan Bakar Cair
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ABSTRACT
Several major issues that arise in some countries as a result of increasing population is increase in the volume of waste and energy consumption. Reduction of plastic waste in landfills and incineration are still leaving the other side effects such as pollutants. Non-renewable energy sources supply has also been low to meet energy needs. The process of pyrolysis or cracking plastic waste can be a solution to this problem. This study aims to observe the effect of temperature catalytic pyrolysis process and the amount of silica gel to yield and quality of liquid fuels produced from Polypropylene (PP) Used Plastic Packaging Glass. Temperatures varied process that starts from a temperature of 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C and 350 ° C. Ratio of raw materials and the amount of catalyst was varied from 10: 0 (without catalyst), 10: 1, 10: 1.5; 10: 2, 10: 2.5 and 10: 3. Pyrolysis carried out for 2 hours. Pyrolysis apparatus consists of a pyrolysis reactor, burner, and a condenser. The analysis carried out by an analysis of density/specific gravity/API gravity, kinematic viscosity, characterization of GC-MS and FTIR, and heating value. Raise the temperature of the process can increase the yield of liquid fuels, but the very high temperatures can reduce the yield of liquid fuels. The addition of the silica gel catalyst can also increase the yield of liquid fuels, but in large amounts will decrease the yield of liquid fuel. The addition of silica gel catalysts produce fuel fraction C8
- C21 more than without using silica gel catalyst. The highest yield obtained at
pyrolysis temperature of 350 ° C without a silica gel catalyst that is 71.064%. But the best fuel quality obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 300 ° C with a ratio of the amount of raw materials and silica gel catalyst 10: 3.
Keywords: Waste Plastics, Pyrolysis, Cracking, Silica Gel Catalyst, Temperature, Liquid Fuels
