3. THE ANALYSIS
3.1 The Analysis of Symbol and Meaning of Malay Traditional House
This paper discusses about traditional malay house. the malay house is a
house built without nails, in fact, long before the arrival of outside influence, the
native Malay Peninsula and Sumatra as well as other indigenous borneo has a
sophisticated system of housing, beautiful and harmonious with the lifestyle and
the nature around. While the Malays and the indigenous population on the
peninsula, Sumatra and other islands are usually built a House (ala banglo)
who live in a large family by; some tribes in borneo even more fond of the
concept of ' the long home ' that can be occupied many people! every family to
inhabit a part such as a ' named ' apartment next door, withanjung terbuka in
front (called ' ruai ' in serawak) that connects all units into a long building. the
materials used in the extract from natural sources that can be updated, i.e. various
types of timber, rattan and Reed also to leaves
The House is
and boughs.
the oldest Malay Words. If according to the views and
opinions of the people of old, that the words of the House is a translation of the
Java language i.e.griya or gir. While the mountain is a natural from of the
the original so great. Javanese people call home senagai bhodo, which has a
broader meaning again. In addition to calling home, perekataan was alsoused to
describe a building that not only has significance as the residence
-Terms of Use
of the family. In
addition to food, clothing, housing and miniman is something the most
-In terms of Taste
-In terms of a symbol
1) In Terms Of Its Usefulness, as a shelter from the rain and heat, on
the dock and go home. As the place of individual activities as
well as societal as well as a few otheractivities. The Malays could not be
separated from home, just as they were born, livedand died. This life must
be very in touch with the House as a place of residence.
3) of purposes of the instinct that is giving a sense of security, at peace, a
senseof harmony, and gainpeace of mind. The Malays consider home is a
piece of the place which belongs to its inhabitants.
4) In Terms of The Emblem, it gives a sense of pride to its inhabitants.
Therefore, everyMalay people aspire to build a large and comfortable home.
Certainly the views offinancial ability, social position and to have a House
with an interesting shape maker.
The form of the Malay House usually only 2 (two), namely (1) the form
of a rectangle with a long Ridge (rumah bubung melayu atau rumah belah
bubung) called rumah melintang or also known asbubungan Melayu , and (2) of
the rectangular-shaped Ridge with limas and called the limas House. Forms this
form of mains building without taking into account the building's kitchen and
aligned or porch. Usually, part of the parent House of the Malays with separate
kitchen building. This separate buildings connected by a connecting buildings that
is the annex of the rear of the House. In the kitchen, made also apiece that merges
with the kitchen and somewhat protruding out called "Pagu" that serves as a place
to compose dishes and freshly washed glass. In addition, on the part of the kitchen
made related to the selasar or "ketapak". selasar, or ketapak this section serves as
a place to wash the dishes.
Additional building houses not only in the rear, but also performed in
front of House .The building is called a selasar or beranda or anjung. selasar or
beranda is divided into two types, i.e selasar berdinding and selasar terbuka given
engraved fence. The buildings traditional Malay houses have a platform so that
the House is called rumah panggung. Malay houses are usually made of
hardwood, such as punak, for homes that are on the ground, and for existing
homes nibung on the beach. The floor is made of thick boards, especially in the
building lobby's parent, while the kitchen, there is made of planks and some are
made from floor nibung or betel nut. The roof is made from sago palm leaves are
woven in such a way by using parts of rattan in the look slim. Thatched roofs can
last up to 10 years if plaited glazed and previously soaked in water for about a
week. Matting like this called "webbing eye.
According to the custom of the Malays, the search for wood or "beramu
kayu" done by the builders also or certain people that his work as a peramu
kayu. It is they who determine a decent, good wood is seen in term of the quality
of the wood as well as seen in terms of magical powers. To serve as
Head to the wood can not be done on a daily basis, but there should be
a walker his or her good days. So did his treatment as they will cut
the wood. Typically, peramu is using spells spells. This is done so that it does not
appear the events that can be detrimental to the owner of the House or so as not
to bring
Any bad luck.
framework should pay attention to the mounting base and the other
end of the wood so as not to incorrectly install or breech. If this happens,
according to the beliefs of the Malays can give rise to incidents which are
not convenient for the homeowner and his family. The establishment of any
House should be regulated anyway day and ground to be built home "turned off"
or "deadly ground" ceremony. The ceremony of turning off this land with the
devil in order to penyemahan the land which inhabited the land the House is gone
and does not bother the landlord
3.2 Composition of the Malay House
and his family.
Malay House consisted of three major elements, namely, pillars, walls
and pillar. The strength and resilience of a House is dependent upon the
combined building materials that fall into the "pillar of the passage". The most
important building materials in this passage is the pillar of the House. Therefore
construction must be than other types of wood are best, strong and resistant to
bear the heavy burden of home building.There are various types of Poles in Malay
homes. There is a long series of pole, pole, pole porch, pole, pole sticks and
row of the long pole, there is a pillar of the so-called "pillar". This pillar is the
"pillar of custom" and it was important in the construction of the home. Short
pole, pole pole sticks and pendants is just as high as the floor level only. Pole
sticks or poles of Cedar floors tall and also usually plus later strengthen the
position of the floor.
3.2.1Rasuk
Rasuk is a wooden house building materials serves as a binding order to
the House. Without rasuk, pole – pole can not stand properly. rasuk normally used
is a hard wood. Rasuk mounted penetrating mast. In addition to the known by the
name of rasuk, usually this section also called "gelegar jantan" or "gelegar
induk".
Lines horizontal wood is located above the "Reed" is called a girder. It
serves as the base floor. "Sill" is the closing end of the wooden floor, encircling
the building next to the outside of the House. Use as a separator Foyer spaces,
home moms, the hose and the kitchen.
3.2.2Girder.
Girder-shaped round, half-round or square. Its size is smaller than rasuk.
Girder arranged transverse (within certain) above rasuk. The number of certain
number specified with the girder. Typically, the number of girder is useful to
specify the "size of the House" for its owners.
3.2.3The Stick
The rod is part of the most down home, stick made in such a way from the
became the main strength of the joint home. That is, a sturdy Rod will allow the
home to be strong anyway, and vice versa.
3.2.4The Ladder
The staircase is part of the House that serves as a place for people to go
up and down from the House. The ladder consists of pillars of ladders and stairs.
Mast ladder flat, rectangular, or round. The foot of the ladder (the ladder next to
the pole below) there are planted and some are given a pedestal with hard objects.
Upper part leaning to the resting threshold and is located above the sill.
Stairs round or flat. On the left of the right stairs sometimes given the hand
ladder. This section in pairs parallel to the mast ladder and always given a
decoration in the form of grating arrays or perforated Board. Stairs are sometimes
bound with straps on the steps, but when the flat was sculpted (thin) into the mast
ladder. Straps, usually made from rattan. While the number of stairs along with
customized high low House. The higher the home more and more children of his
own, also recommended the number showing a certain meaning. Singular
staircases (one only) refers to the meaning of "oneness of God", four "number of
companions of Nabi Muhammad", five "pillars of Islam", and so on. The distance
between the rungs was not determined, but according to the custom of the distance
of the steps between each other more or less a cubit. An important distance of
stairs must be arranged in such a way that people easily go up to and down from
the House. The ladder can be also made of cement. This cement staircase designed
3.2.5 Sill
Sill rectangular or round. The material also allowed no sill attached, and
the same with the pole series and rasuk. Sill is also useful as a home room limits
and boundaries of the floor.
3.2.6The Floor
The floor is the space between the pillars of the passage with the passage
wall, wood on the girder. In ancient times people used the "lantai jerai", i.e., the
Reed every single width approx 5-6 cm. slats-slats that were organised over the
loud and packed with Wicker or roots. There also are using the floor than the
reeds and fresh. Today Malay House floor turned into a Board that is cut with a
saw or in pepatil with tarah. Now it is a lot of floor boards made of berketam
which can be purchased from the refinery's Board.
3.2.7The Frame
The frame beam-shaped oblong or round. Its main usefulness is the place
to attach the walls and pillars of the connectivity, rasuk as to cover the pillars. The
frame is mounted perpendicular to the cover of rasuk pillars. At both ends are
given a nipple. Putting the bottom was sculpted into rasuk, while putting the top
of the chisel right into the lid of the mast. The frame material is the same as the
ingredients of rasuk, i.e. hardwood.
3.2.8 Sentur
Sentur is a wood that connects the frame with the frame. Sentur made of
wood square or round. Material such as porridge, but smaller in size and both ends
Sentur useful as a frame of a wall, door frame, and frame Windows
(frames). The amount of sentur depends on the high wall as well as the number of
doors, Windows, and vents. High-walled homes that need sentur more than a
low-walled House (short). The more doors, Windows, and vents of the home, more
and more also needed sentur.
3..2.9The pillars of the CAP
Closed rectangular pillars or beams. The magnitude depends on the size
of the pole and useful as the upper locking pole. The materials used are the same
with porridge. Close the pole connecting the four pillars series called "long pole"
cover, while connecting with other pillars referred to "close the short pole".
3.2.10Reed
Wood mounted transversely in the upper lid of the mast is called a
partition. Its shape is rectangular or round. The material is the same as the pillar of
the CAP. The point can be likened to the attic or as beam girder pull under horses.
Its size is equal to or slightly smaller than the cap on the pole.
3.2.11 The Rafters
Rafters rafters are called "large" males are useful as walk the horses,
while smaller rafters on Rafter calls "females". Useful as a place to attach the
roof. Rafter males located below the rolls-rolls, while the female's is located at the
top of the Rafter rolls-rolls. The shape is there a round, flattened, or square.
Material from hardwoods, especially for males, while Rafter to Rafter females can
3.2.12Rolls-rolls
Scroll-scroll shape is round or square. Rolls-rolls are mounted parallel to
the bone bubung, above the rafters males.
3.2.13Bone Bubung
Bubung bone is the wooden top (on top of the roofs of the meeting). The
material of hardwood, while the shape is round or square. Bone bubung Rafter is a
meeting place and the tip of the roof next to the top.
3.2.14Pointing to the sky
Pointing to the sky rectangular or round. Material from hard wood or
similar materials with pole series. The point as a pillar of bone place bubung and
horses. Pointing to the ceiling mounted on top of the pole caps on both ends of
perabung, while the middle is mounted above the reeds. The amount was not
determined, but at least three pieces, two on the end and one in the middle. On top
of the ceiling mounted horses and walk the horses. It's mounted bones bubung.
3.2.15The wall
The wall is part of the construction of a just wake up the House. The wall
serves as a decorative addition to a contraction, engraved with a draw.
In the days before the wall Board is introduced, a Malay House using
leaves to the wall. The leaves are used including leaf bertam, your Kindle, sago
Palm and also a palm leaf. It leaves arranged become fields.
There are also using the wall made of bamboo. This wall can still be seen
at home few long bubung area. The wall is made of plaited reeds that bar
pelupuhcould hold up to 80 years. An example of a House that uses a stylish tepas
kelarai wall is the "Palace of the Tepas" or better known as the "Castle on the
Hill" Cadan Kenanga, Kuala Kengsar, silver.,Dari kabar yang di dapat, this
Palace was built in 1918, and became a temporary abode of Sultan Iskandar Shah
(Sultan of Perak who ruled from 1918-38), this is done because it is looking
forward to the completion of the official Palace (Palace of Iskandar in the
construction).
3.2.16The door
On the walls there are Windows and doors. The door is a wall that can be
closed and opened. The point gave way to the occupant comes out in. .. The doors
had two leaves the door opened inwards, and rarely Malay houses leaves the door
opened out. In the central part of the House there are also the "pintu gelangsar ",
that leaves that door on the slide to the edge of the wall during the open. The
doors of the first traditional house usually using ";" and "doorstop", but modern
limas homes now use the key or mango.Doorstop also serves as key tools so that
the door cannot be dikopak by nasty unwanted evils. In addition to that stake can
also be used as a weapon if they were attacked by people during their opening
doors.
Home – Malay traditional house usually has three doors, the presence of
which is located in the Foyer or on the porch, the door also located on the hose or
hose in kelek's children and the back door which is located behind the kitchen.
is like the door of the cubicle door, porch and doors separating the spaces of the
mother house, the hose and the kitchen.
3.2.17 Window
No Windows according to certain arrangements. First, the Malay House
using home Windows limas Melay. There is still a traditional Malay houses of old
age that maintain large form of old, the Windows have a piece is leaves Windows
open towards the House. Open window space is usually turned on "wood lattice".
Windows usually consist of two pieces of leaves Windows open out. There are
some Windows leaves his window made to the floor and half of the grille and
window openings are given some not re side.As for home made with various
window modes, apart from a piece or two pieces leaves a window.
3.2.18The Wind Holes
Is a hole which made specifically to get out the influx of wind (air).
Vents are usually made octagonal, rectangular, or round six. In simple houses
vents made of square shape. Usually, the wind hole was given a specific lattice,
spherical-shaped coma, oblong, or interwoven and mixture. Vents are made
specifically with various decoration called the "hole of the mirror".
3.2.19The attic
The attic is called "langa". Loft located above the back of the House are
called "role" or "the", but not many who wear the attic. The attic floor is made of
boards arranged a meeting just as the floor of the attic floor, only smaller and
thinner. On a House that is not apparent in certain ceremonies of the attic, the
made from patchwork with colorful then sewn into a large field according to a
certain pattern.
Many attics made didn't cover the entire upper part of the space, but only a
part of the course or the shape of the letter "L". the attic was not walled, but given
the ornate lattice made of wood or Board tebuk bubutan.
3.2.20Teban Screen
Also called "singap" or "splint". This section is typically made of
multilevel and given a decoration as well as useful as a hole in the wind. On the
part that protrudes out given the floor called "Reed" or "floor of the Hawk-the
Hawk".
3.2.21 The roof
The main material of the roof is a palm leaf, leaves the Sago Palm, then
also there are tiles, zinc and asbestos. A roof made of palm leaf or leaves of the
palm leaves were made with a single piece of wood at a braiding called
"bengkawan", usually made from slats staple nut, nibung Palm Grove or boughs,
Reed. On bengkawan that's a roof attached, woven with rattan, reeds, leather or
skin stem of sago Palm. If the roof is made of one ply leaves called "kelarai",
while if the two layers of the eye is called the "crab" (the roof). The roof of the
eyes of the crab class more meetings, thicker and more resistant than the roof of
kudi.
Half-walled loft called "platform lurking". Attic in the back (the) made in
and the attic is made if the home of the Virgin. They lived above the attic
(especially adult or was engaged) as a bed and a place to weave fabric.
3.2.22Bubung Bubung (second)
covers a wide range of wooden frame, wooden partition length (head of a
pole) to the bones of his perabung above all. Composite materials on wooden
rafters bubung consists of males, females, Rafter rolls-rolls, point to the sky,
dragons, perabung bone (bone of the pillar), jeria, roofing and more.
Over bubung there close bubung. Layer of cover is made from various
ingredients bubung. In ancient times, people use the "roof of your Kindle", i.e. the
leaves of your Kindle (a type of Palm-growing staple in the forest). There is also a
close bubung roof made of palm leaves and Palm roofs. Right now, most of the
Malay House using pieces of wood as a roof and is known as "insert" or "roof
roof" diamonds.
3.3 The Size of The House
In the tradition of the Malay community, make the House can not be
done with it, but shall require the specific requirements. One of the conditions to
make a matching House for its owners i.e. by determining the size of the House.
3.3.1 A Matter of Hasta
Before the House is built of wood and supplies cut, the home owner
(husband and wife) should make the size using a piece of string that is calculated
by "count cubits". On each menghasta the rope there is usually a term itself, for
-first : ular berang
-Second : meniti riak
-third cubits : riak meniti kumbang berteduh
-four cubits : habis utang berganti utang
-Fifth cubits : utang lama belum terimbuh
Any word on each particular meaning cubit, i.e.:
1) ular berang, meaning Snake House was no good, always hot and cross are
frequent disputes both between fellow occupants or with other people.
2) meniti riak, meaning residents will always be proud and arrogant.
3) abis utang, meaning its inhabitants will always owe, difficulties and destitute.
4) utang lama tak terimbuh mean residents will always in distress, even entire
Because of the meaning of every word in it, the homeowner will determine
his home with large repeat hasta her several times, then stop on the number with a
good word, i.e. "riak meniti kumbang berteduh".
Preferably do this measurement is a wife, because it is considered a wife
hand cooler from the hands of men. Moreover, the wives are at home a lot more.
Such a thing it is, be equated when sowing rice, supposedly the hands of women
better, rice seed grown larger into her hands than men.
3.3.2Mounting Size Rafter
Another way to determine the size of the House is with "kasau", and in
this way is called the number of rafters. Before you build the House, the
book, called "setulang". Every measure with his hands, he mentions the following
words:
1) the first bones: Kasau
2) the second bones: risau
3) the Third: rebah
4) four bones: api
Each word contains a specific meaning, namely if it is:
1) Kasau means the House will be very good for the owner, as it will bring
happiness and harmony.
2) Risauu means will wreak havoc and always whose unfortunate.
3) rebah meaning the residents always in a threat of danger.
4) the Api means the House is hot, always happens bickering and fighting,
both among fellow residents as well as between the occupants of the other
party.
To search for a matching size, homeowners will do calculations with over
and over again, and try to count to the number of rafters. Thus expected the House
to be built later got the grace of Almighty God. So it will bring happiness.
3.3.3Size of Girder
The number of the girder is the usual ways are also used to determine the
size of the House. The trick is similar to the calculation of the number of rafters,
just a different word.
1) the first bones: gelegar
3) Third: ulur
4) four bones: bangkai
Each word has a meaning, that is:
1) Gelegar means the House is very good.
2) Geligi means residents will be sickly.
3) Ulur means the owners are always in trouble.
4) bangkai its owner will be overwritten catastrophe.
3. 4The arrangement of the Spaces
Malay room generally consists of three main parts, namely anjung
(breezeway), parent's House, and the kitchen.
3.4.1The porch Porches (breezeway) is the very front.
The floor is lower than the parent's House and the walls are generally
half open. Anjung distinguished by anjung fall, outside porches. "The porch
outside" is separate from the porch House mains and is much indented to the fore.
If the porch it was attributed by the parent's House, but the floor is lower than the
parent's House, called "the porch fall", and the one with the porch House parent is
called a breezeway. The outer porch used to place children play. In certain
ceremonies, such as weddings, outside porches used as regular guests and the
youth.
Anjung fall also useful as a regular guest spot when certain events are
While "the porch in" was used as a place for receiving honored guests,
either in a particular event as well as in everyday life. There is also called
"elephant anjung suckle", usually used as a place to put the dishes in the wedding
ceremony, and festivals-followed and so on. On a typical day is also used as a
place of childhood play and parents bersembang-sembang.
3.4.2The parent House
Inside the House, her mother next room, space and deep space. The
Division of spaces that suit its location, i.e. next to the front entrance, called the
vestibule. While part of the parent's House in the middle is called the middle
room, and the master behind the House called deep space.
The vestibule is used place of families, it is also used as a space to sleep
aboard or family stay. While the living room as a guest place parents or close
family. In the room there is usually the middle of the booth number is matched
with the magnitude of the House. Deep space is used to place the House of mother
and family bedding women. In this place there are also some booths. The kids
slept in this room, the generally except a boy already 7 years and over, who had
to sleep in the middle of the room. The virgins of old women sleep together in
cubicle inside.
3.4.3The kitchen
In the kitchen there are two rooms namely kilik child and kitchen. "Kilik
children" are the liaison between the parent room and kitchen. The kitchen itself is
Kelek children used to store part of the farmers and fishermen's equipment.
In this room also placed reserve of water. While the kitchen space is where
cooking and family dining. At the end of the kitchen is always also created
pelantar which is used to wash away, wash the dishes, place jars of water or put
dirty objects.In addition, in the kitchen always also created a place to store its
dishes-bowls and so on that are used everyday. The place is called "roles" that are
made from the overhanging wall the kitchen out. The role is the place to store the
items of daily necessity, reserves of food which needs to be drained and so on.
While the "the" is located on top of the cooking.
3.5 Building forms
Home of the Malays Riau Islands, initially or generally is the home stage.
True to its name, the floor of the Malays could not trace of soil, but composed on
top of a girder supported by sticks. Because it uses a stick and floor layout in such
a way that the Malay House, also known as the House stage.Home of the Malays
was named after the shape of its roof. In such case it is known by several names,
among others, the "home" or "Malay bubung dividing bubung" or "long" bubung
home. Supposedly, the name given by the bubung House foreigners especially the
Chinese and Dutch.
The influence of the regional culture is clearly also will effect to the art
community development home of the Malays. Malay House was originally made
with simple then evolve in the form of long bubung home. Such a thing is also due
of strangers (Europe) towards the art form of Malay House community became
known as "the Limas House".
Then the House with Limas form growing and increasingly popular and has such
a huge influence in the Malay community art. Then, later, limas House also get
listed in the home of the Malays.
3.5.1 The House Long Bubung
The House was then more developed bubung made in such a way.
Although in part still sticking with style, with all the advantages of a Malay House
art community itself. Nevertheless there are some form of long flat bubung House
porch that is widely used by the Malays. Small forms called home twelve pillars,
while the little big house called the pillar of sixteen. Second home may be known
by the number of Poles in his mother's HouseIs the home of the twelve pillars, is
has twelve main pillar, comprised of six long and six pillars of the porch the same
ride. The position of the shaft is arranged in three rows, i.e. from the direction
before the House (the direction of the stairs before). If it is viewed from the side
(direction of stocking display), appears four lines, and each line contains three
stem pole.Sixteen pole House, his room is larger, because the number of posts
which is comprised of eight long pole and eight pillars of the porch the same rise
it has formed three spaces at home mom, not two spaces at home twelve pillars, at
his less three meters. Therefore it can be seen from the presence of that House
The House is long sometimes bubung using an open porch, intent is not
walled. Even if it is not full-walled, whether using a grating or wall board size
approximately shoulder length when sitting cross-legged.
3.5.2Limas House
Since the influx of Europeans in the cultural life of a Malay person
turned out to be very influential in the construction of the House. Alone again by
Europeans (Portuguese, Netherlands and United Kingdom) who made it home,
built the buildings with limas bubung form. Then the Malays from the lies that
have been infused with the modern culture of sharing, have started changing tastes
by making the house shaped bubung limas. Then came the one form of Malay
houses that are no longer rooted to the art community development home bubung
long.
Bubung limas House consist of various types. Earliest forms known as
"Limas Perabung Five", that bubung wear five perabung, comprised of one
perabung continue horizontally and connected with four perabung dropping into
the stream. Rasuk bones form the two bones bubung lengthwise and two closed
side bubung shaped triangle or pyramid called the limas. With the position of the
bone bubung, he formed close bubung sphere surrounded by the stream. The form
is different from the home of the only wear one bubung bone perabung that form
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion
Malay architecture is greatly affected by climate and weather. Hence, the
traditional Malay houses are almost always raised on timber stilts or pile to
elevate and protect the building from floods and also serve as a source of natural
ventilation. No nails are ever used in a traditional Malay house as pre-cut holes
and grooves were used to fit the timber together. Roofs of these houses are
typically steep and have wide overhangs for shading and protection from tropical
downpours. There are usually 2 parts to a traditional Malay house: the main house
(Rumah Ibu) and the kitchen annex (Rumah Dapur). The Rumah Dapur is
separated from the Rumah Ibu for fire protection as the bulk of the buildings are
made from timber. One or more verandas (Serambi) are attached to the Rumah
Ibu for seated work, relaxation, or where non-familiar visitors would be
entertained.
Materials and construction The traditional Malay house relies for its
strength on a complex jointing system made rigid by the use of timber wedges.
This allows the house to be easily taken apart and reassembled elsewhere. The
traditional Malay house is primarily a timber structure, built off the ground using
walls are usually made of timber, although bamboo is still used in certain areas.
Numerous full-length windows line the walls, providing both ventilation and a
view outside. The high-pitched, gabled roof, which dominates the house, was
traditionally covered with thatch but is now more often covered with galvanized
iron.
The meaning of the Malay House is also very functional for the life of a
day today, becausehouse is built on stilts some metres above ground. There is a
reason for that; houses built on the ground are prone to be flooded and not to
mention the uninvited guests in the form of crawling creatures (snakes,
centipedes, etc).
4.2 Suggestion
1) The writter hopes that he reader gets a benefit information by reading this
paper.
2) The writer welcomes suggestion and contructive critims for better
