Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon) Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Pada Tikus dengan Diet Tinggi Lemak

(1)

40 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Velayutham, P., Babu, A., and Liu, P. Green Tea Cathechins and

Cardiovascular Health: An Update. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(18):1840-50. 2. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pusat Data dan Informasi.

Situasi Kesehatan Jantung. 2014:1.

3. World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. p. 9-10.

4. Hall JE. Guyton dan Hall Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi ke-12. Singapore: Elsevier Singapore Pte Ltd; 2014. p.855-98.

5. Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennely PJ, and Weil PA. Harper’s

Illustrated Biochemistry. 30th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2015. p. 143, 252, 246, 247.

6. NIH (2001). ATP III Guidelines At-A-Glance Quick Desk Reference.

National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/atglance.pdf - Diakses pada Oktober 2017

7. J Jeppesen, HO Hein, P Suadicani, and F Gyntelberg. Triglyceride Concentration and Ischemic Heart Disease: An Eight-Year Follow-Up in the Copenhage Male Study. Circulation Journal of American Heart Association. 1998;97:1029-36.

8. PERKI (2013). Pedoman Tatalaksana Dislipidemia.

http://www.inaheart.org/upload/file/Pedoman_tatalksana_Dislipidemia.pdf - Diakses pada 3 Mei 2018.

9. Rohmah NJ. Pengaruh Pemberian Beberapa Jenis Tepung Kacang Terhadap Penurunan Resiko Atherosklerosis pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvigicus, L) Akibat Diet Tinggi (Skripsi).Malang : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim; 2010. 10. Mufidah. Aktivitas Antiaterosklerosis Ekstrak Terstandar Klika Ongkea

(Mezzetia parviflora Becc.) pada Tikus Wistar yang Diberi Asupan Kolesterol : Kajian Efek Anti-Oksidan dan Anti-Kolesterol terhadap Penghambatan MCP-1 dan Disfungsi Endotel (Disertasi). Makassar: Universitas Hasanudin; 2011.

(2)

11. Dachriyanus DO, Katrin RO, Oktarina O, Ernas, Suhatri, dan MH Mukhtar.

Uji Efek A-Mangostin terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total, Trigliserida, Kolesterol HDL, dan Kolesterol LDL Darah Mencit Putih Jantan serta Penentuan Lethal Dosis 50 (Ld50). J. Sains Tek. Far. 2007;12(2):64-72. 12. Ikuta T, Saito S, Tani H, Tatefuji T, and Hashimoto K. Resveratrol

derivative-rich melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract improves obesity and survival of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 2015;79(12):2044-49.

13. W Citra Dwi Feri Ira, NHS Cikra Ikhda. Efek Farmakologi Infusa Biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Sebagai Antihiperglikemia pada mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Dextrosa Monohidrat 40%. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmacy Practice. 2015 Jan;2(1):27-31.

14. Sari RK. Ujie Efektivitas Protein Biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Sebagai Inhibitor Aktivitas α-amilase dan α-glukosidase secara in vitro (Skripsi). Jember; Universitas Jember. 2015.

15. Baur JA, Pearson KJ, Price NL, et al. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature. 2006;444(7117):337–342. 16. Brasnyó P, Molnár GA, Mohás M, et al. Resveratrol improves insulin

sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011;106(3):383–389.

17. Wong RHX, Howe PRC, Buckley JD, Coates AM, Kunz I, Berry NM. Acute

resveratrol supplementation improves flow-mediated dilatation in

overweight/obese individuals with mildly elevated blood pressure. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2011;21(11):851–856.

18. Tatefuji T, Yanagihara M, Fukushima S, Hashimoto K. Safety Assessment of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2015;67; 230-5.

19. Senduk B, Buddhi W, Kepel BJ. Gambaran Profil Lipid pada Remaja Obes di

Kota Bitung. Jurnal e-Biomedik. 2016;4(01):122-27.

20. NIH (2001). ATP III Guidelines At-A-Glance Quick Desk Reference. United

States: National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human

(3)

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/atglance.pdf - Diakses pada Oktober 2017.

21. Gajera HP, Patel SV, and Golakiya B. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. 1st ed. International Book Distributing Co.; 2008. P. 80.

22. Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennely PJ, and Weil PA. Harper’s

Illustrated Biochemistry. 30th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015. Figure 21-8 Triacylglycerol; p.215.

23. Murray RK, Granner DK, Rodwell VW. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 27th ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2009. p 804-08.

24. Hall JE. Guyton dan Hall Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi ke-12. Singapore: Elsevier Singapore Pte Ltd; 2014. Tabel Lipoprotein; p. 889. 25. Kato H, Samizo M, Kawabata R, et al. Stilbenoids from the melinjo (Gnetum

gnemon L.) fruit modulate cytokine production in murine Peyer’s patch cells

ex vivo. Planta. Med. 2011;77:1027-34.

26. Konno H, Kanai Y, Katagiri M, et al. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Seed Extract Decreases Serum Uric Acid Levels in Nonobese Japanese Males: A Randomized Controlled Study. Evid. Based. Complement Alternat. Med. 2013;2013:589169.

27. Manner HI, Elevitch CR. Gnetum gnemon (gnetum), ver. 1.1. In: Elevitch CR (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Hōlualoa, Hawai’i. 2006.

28. Cadiz RT, and HB Florido (compilers). Gnetum gnemon Linn. Research Information Series in Ecosystems. 2001;13(2).

29. Hariadhi. File: Melinjo.jpg. Indonesia: Wikimedia; 20 Februari 2008. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melinjo.jpg#filehistory – Diakses pada 29 Oktober 2017.

30. Saputra AY. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenolik Total Berbagai Fraksi dari Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon

L.)(Skripsi). Padang. Universitas Andalas; 2017.

31. Kato E, Tokunaga Y, Sakan F. Stillbenoids isolated from the seeds of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) and their biological activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009;57:2544-49.

(4)

32. Watanabe K, Shibuya S, Ozawa Y, Izuo N, and Shimizu T. Resveratrol Derivative-Rich Melinjo Seed Extract Attenuates Skin Atrophy in Sod1-Deficient Mice.Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2015, Article ID 391075, 8 pages, 2015.

33. Tani H, Hikami S, Iizuna S, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of resveratrol derivatives in humans after oral admonistration of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon

L.) seed extract powder. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2014;62:1999-2007.

34. Iliya I, Ali Z, Tanaka T, et al. Stilbene derivatives from Gnetum gnemon

Linn. Phytochemistry. 2003;62:601-06.

35. Kunimasa K, Ohta T, Tani H, et al. Resveratrol derivative-rich melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extrac supresses multiple angiogenesis-related endothelial cell functions and tumor angiogenesis. Mol. Nutr. Food. Res. 2011;55:1730-34.

36. Yanagihara M, Yoshimatsu M, Inoue A, et al. Inhibitory effect of Gnetin C, a resveratrol dimer from Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon), on tyrosinase activity and Melanin biosynthesis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2012;35:993-96.

37. Ota H, Akishita M, Tani H, et al. Trans-resveratrol in Gnetum gnemon

protects against oxidative-stress-induced endhotelial senescence. J. Nat. Prod. 2013;76:1242-47.

38. Yadav, M.; Jain, S; Bhardwaj, A.; Nagpal, R.; Puniya, M.; Tomar, R; et al. Biological and Medicinal Properties of Grapes and Their Bioactive Constituents: An Update. J. Med. Food. 2009, 12, 473-84.

39. Shahi MM, Haidari F,and Shiri MR. Comparison of Effect of Resveratrol and Vanadium on Diabetes Related Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2011;1(2):81-86.

40. Hafidz KA, Puspitasari N, Azminah, Yanuar A, Artha Y, Mun’im A.

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Gnetum gnemon Seed Extract and Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Lowering Cholesterol Level. J Young Pharm. 2017; 9(4):559-65.

(5)

41. Istvan ES, Palnitkar M, Buchanan SK, Deisenhofer J. Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Portion of Human HMG-CoA Reductase: Insights into Regulation of Activity and Catalysis. The EMBO Journal. 2000;19(5):819-30.

42. Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Regulation of The Mevalonate Pathway. Nature. 1990;343(6257):425-30.

43. World Health Organization (WHO). General Guideline for Methodologies on

Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. Geneva: WHO; 2000. 44. Pratama ES, Probosari E. Pengaruh Pemberian Kefir Susu Sapi Terhadap

Kadar Kolesterol LDL Tikus Jantan Sprangue Dawley Hiperkolesterolemia. Journal of Nutrition Collage. 2012;1(1):358-64.

45. Slamet S. 2008. Pengaruh Pemberian Yoghurt Kedelai Hitam (Black Soyghurt) terhadap Profil Lipid Tikus Hiperkolesterolemia. Skripsi. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.

46. Yamada N. Control of Triglyceride. Asian Med. J. 2001;44(1):42-47.

47. Hardiningsih R, Nurhidayat N. Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan

Hiperkolesterolemia terhadap Bobot Badan Tikus Putih Wistar yang Diberi Bakteri Asam Laktat. Biodiversitas. 2006;7(2):127-30.

48. Ridwan E. Etika Pemanfaatan Hewan Percobaan dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. J Indon Med Assoc. 2003;63:112-6.

49. Widiartini W, Siswati E, Setiyawati A, Rohmah IM, Prastyo E.

Pengembangan Usaha Produksi Tikus Ptih (Rattus norvegicus) Tersertifikasi dalam Upaya Memenuhi Kebutuhan Hewan Laboratorium. Direktorat

Pendidikan Tinggi.

http://artikel.dikti.go.id/index.php/PKMK/article/viewFile/149/150- Diakses April 2018.

50. Schlingmann FS, De Rijk HLM, Pereboom WJ and Remie R. Avoidance as a

behavioural parameter in the determination of distress amongst albino and pigmented rats at various light intensities. Animal Technology. 1993;44(2): 87-96.

51. Cayen M N, Givner ML and Kraml M. Effect of diurnal rhythm and food withdrawal on serum lipid levels in the rat. Experimentia. 1972;28:502-503.

(6)

52. Henning SJ and Gisel EG. Nocturnal feeding behavior in the neonatal rat. Physiology and Behavior. 1980;25:603-605.

53. Sukumaran S, Xue B, Jusko WJ, DuBois DC, and Almon RR. Circadian variations in gene expression in rat abdominal adipose tissues and relationship to physiology. Physiol Genomics. 2010;42A:141-152.

54. Gnocchi D, Pedrelli M, Hurt-Camejo E, Parini P. Lipids around the clock: Focus on Circadian Rythms and Lipid Metabolisms. Biology. 2015;4:104-132.

55. Violet B, et. al. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in the liver: a new strategy for the management of metabolic hepatic disorders. J Physyiol. 2006:574(1):41-53.

56. Sari LO. Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional dengan Pertimbangan Manfaat dan Keamanannya. Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2006;3(1):1-7.