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LANGUAGE PRODUCTION OF ONE AND
A HALF YEAR
OLD
CHILDREN
A THESIS
Submitted to the f.ngilsh AppUed UngulsUcs Depart.m<f.;J:a~;
<n:f
Graduate Program of State University of Metdao h5 rartiaJ fulfillment of The Requirements of
the Degree of' M:agaster Humaniora
BY
EKNITA DAULAY
Keg. No : 0350101.10
-·---"--·-·-'""1
MILIK PERPUST AKAAN'
UNIMEO '
'---···
LANGUAGE PRODUCTION OF ONE ANI>
A HALF YEAR OLD
CHTLDRRN
A THESIS
Arranged and Proposed by
ERNITA DAULAY Reg. No: 035010110
Has been defended before thesis Examination Committee, on July
2i
2005and declared to have fulfilled the requirements
Approved by
Consultant Commission
Consultant I
~~
-~~---Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibahl~
Nip: 130344775
Head of English Applied Linguistics Program
~'=
Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibaho Nip: 130344775Consultant II
Prof. Tina Marianv Arifin, Ph.D., M.A. Nip: 130095890
Name : Ernita Daulay
Reg. No : 035010110
Program : English Applied Linguistics
Title :Language Production of One And A Half Year Old Children
Approved on : July 27th 2005
Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibaho
Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, Ph.D., M .. A.
Prof.D.P.Tampubolon., Ph.D.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Praise be to God, the "Almighty", the merciful, and the "Most Beneficial" for His
Mercy and Beneficial without which the writer would have never been able to complete
her task in obtaining the degree of Master Degree of I-Iumaniora of the English Applied
Linguistics Study, State University ofMedan.
This study, in its present form is not without the support and assistance of many
people. There are many people to thank as no academic pursuit is solitary. Along the
way, the writer has been driven, inspired and supported by the following distinguished
and most appreciative persons.
rro mention a few, she would like to express her deepest gratitude to Prof. Dr.
Jawasi Naibaho, her first consultant, for ideas, criticisms and corrections from the very
beginning up to this special day.
Next, very special her appreciation goes to Prof.Tina Mariany Arifin, PhD., M.A.
her second consultant, for most valuable time spent in giving the direct guidance,
criticism and corrections from the very beginning up to this special day.
Secretary of the Program, for her helps in all administration matters and deep mental
support, and all the lectures who have taught a lot of knowledge to her. May God protect
them in all activities they
oo.
Furthermore, the writer's sincerest thanks goes to her beloved father, H. Ruslan
Daulay,BBA and mother, Hj. Netty Herawaty Nst, BBA, her sisters, Lenniaty Daulay,
Msc and Rizkia Daulay and brothers MHD. Affan Daulay,ST and Azhar Efendi Daulay,
S.Ked. Her Grandma, Hj.Siti Gom-Gom Nst, For the care, support, prayers and~any
other things that have been given to her.
Her special thanks is directed to her dear friend, MHD. Junaidi, S.Pd who has
helped me during her study and in the process of writing her thesis. Last but not least, her
final thanks goes to all her kind friends who have contributed very much to her
improvement in English. Few that the writer can mention here: Kak Melda, Kak Yanti,
Tini, Rere, Rini, Nana, Lena, Bapak Tobing, Bapak Simatupang, Bapak Simanjuntak,
Bapak Chaerul and Bapak Marpaung. Also to my classmates at LTBI, her fiiends from
LPK.DiNaMit and SMK Medan Putri (Bapak Syarifuddin, S.Pd) f(>r whom she cannot
mention one by one.
Finally, she realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, any
suggestions or criticisms for the improvement of this thesis arc warmly appreciated.
Medan, July 2005
ABSTRACT
Daulay, Ernita. Language Production of One And A Half Year Old Children.
Thesis, English Applied Linguistics Graduate Program. UNIMEO. 2005
The main objective of this thesis is to discover the children's language production. The instruments used were observation of the children' language production and interview session with their parents. The subjects were three children of one and a half years old, two female and one male.
A qualitative research was applied. The overall result shows that the three children in the process of language production have some the linguistic aspects in the similarities were three children able to pronow1cc Indonesian's vowels and consonants
and the differences were three children produced types' word-utterances in the different
sounds. For the children language production, their developments seem to be very much concemed with the influence of the caretakers and people aroun
ABSTRAK
Daulay, Emita Pemcrolchan Hahasa Pada Anak Satu Sctcngah Tahun.:. Tesis, Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pasca Satjana Universitas Negeri Mcdan. 2005.
Tujuan umwn dalam penelitian adalah untuk menemukan perkembangan bahasa anak. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah melakukan obscrvasi kepada anak-anak dalam pemerolehan bahasa dah tanya-jawab kcpada orang tua. Subjck pcnclitian ini adalah 3
(tiga) orang anak yang terdiri dari dua orang anak perempuan dan satu orang anak laki-laki, kctiga anak tcrsebut berusia satu setengah tahun.
Penelitian kualitatif telah dilakukan. Sesuai dengan basil penelitian memEUktikan bahwa dalam proses pemerolehan bahasa anak memiliki beberapa persan1~ aspek bahasa dimana ketiga anak dapat mengucapkan kata-kata dengan menggunakan beberapa
.
.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRAK ... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v
LIST OF TABLES ... viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 The Background of the Study ... 2
Z
1.2 The Problem of the Study ... 41.3 The Objectives of Study ... 5
1.4 The Significance of the Study ... 5
The Scope of and Limitation of The Study ... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 7
2.3 Language Acquisition ... 12
2.3.2 Linguistic Approach ... 16
Words And Meaning ... 20
2.4.1 Words ... 20
2.4.2 Meaning ... 21
Early Words ... 22
One-Word Utterances ... 22
2. 7 Two-Word Utterances ... 24
CHAPTER III THE RESEARCH METHOD ... 27
3 .1 Research Design ... 2 7 3.2 The Subjects ... 28
Technique of Collecting the Data ...
28-3.3.1
3.3 .2 Observation ... 29CHAPTER
IV THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... : ... 43
4.1 The Data ... 43
4.2 Data Collection ... 43
4.3 The Subjects Background ... 44
4.4 The Data Analysis ... 46
4.4.1. The Result of Word-Utterances ... 46
4.5 The Findings ... 47
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 48
z
5.1 Conclusions ... 485.2 Suggestions ... 48
REFERENCES ... 50
APPENDICES ... 52-87
LIST OF TABLES
Table
~
IJV
Page3.1
'f
Data Subjects ... 283.2 ) riyentories ... :: ... .' ... 31
3.3 Pattern of Production ... ." ... 33
3..4 -3:6 _ Contexts in Indonesian's vowels ... 38
3.7-39 Contexts in Indonesian's Consonants ... 40
-00'
e
z
~
[image:11.612.33.575.100.712.2]LIST OF APPENDIC}i~S
Appendi}{
~
The Bio Data of the Subjects ... 52
2 Interview ... : ... ~ ... 62
3 :::::::. -Observations .. .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... 63
4 ~ The Results of Observations ... .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .. . . ... ... . .. . . .. . .. . . ... ... ... ... .. . 65
Q
~
lX
00'
CHAPTER!
INTRODUCTION
.---·---
MILIK PERPUST
AKAA~UNIMEU
One of the most remarkable characteristics of human beings is that virtually
every single one acquires a language at a very young age. This fact is even more
remarkable considering the full complexity of the system, which is acquired. Human
beings have been blessed with the gift of words, which differentiate them from other
creatures in the world. Language is not a concrete set of things out in the world that
can be pointed to or measured. Rather, it is something inside the human brains or.
minds.
Any normal human infant will acquire language during development of the
infant. The language that infants acquire is shaped by the cognitive development of
the infants, and the environment where infant lived in. If a language is to be used by
human, a person who grows up among people who already know the language, even
though these others have no self-conscious knowledge on how to teach it, a language
1.1 The Background of the Study
Language is used for many purposes such as communication, interactions,
thinking, solving problems, indicating facts, expressing feelings, and others. We use a
language is used every day, face~to-face as a means of communication, while written
languag~ allows every individual to record all essential materials so that they can be
passed on to the generations. Language also allows us to coordinate with others, it is
possible to gain information, find out answers, and carry out every day activities such
as gossiping, making funs, writing memos, reading newspapers, learning history,
enjoying novels, greeting friends, telling stories, selling cars, and reading
instructions.
For many years, a language was assumed that the structure of what had been
acquired (the language) was understood and that a list of the sounds, words and
sentences types produced by children at the various stage of development would be
an adequate description of the process of language acquisition. In formal
development, all children go through a babbling period before words and sentences
are being produced, just as all children experienced the process of falling down and
sit before they can a walk. In addition, these language acquisition processes are
largely resistant to distortion. If a child is severely mentally retarded or glossily
physiologically impa~red in,. some ways such as being deaf or brain damaged these
processes are disturoed and language incomprehension, autism, or specific language
Clark (2000: 12) asserts that first language acquisition takes a comprehensive
look at where and when children acquire a first language. It integrates social and
cognitive approaches to how children analyze, understand, and produce sounds,
words, and sentences, as they learn to use language to cooperate and achieve goals. It
also takes a usage-based approach in considering what children learn. The pragmatic
factors in language use are emphasized researches on which word-formation and on
bilingualism and dialect-choice. During the infant or early childhood period, children
learn to express things by using speech sounds. Whenever they feel hungry, thirsty, or
hurt, they produce speech sounds such as crying. They are still not able to say what they want.
It is a fact that language acquisition is a crucial process in the attempt of
understanding language development more deeply; Krashen (1985:1) asserts that
acquisition refers to the subconscious process identical in all-important ways to the
process children utilize in acquiring their first language.
Descriptions of language acquisition and development have indicated certain
facts that can be observed intensively. An infant produces a number of sounds such as
grunts, cries, and gaps, etc because of the physiological states. The infant begins to
produce a number of sounds that are different in acoustic composition from those
produced which appear to provoke them is also different. The function of language
will depend largely on one's point of view. From a biological viewpoi ~) anguage
can be interpreted as ha:ving evolved as a behavioral car.acity because it is
This study is an attempt to analyze the pro: ess of development of the
--
-
-language ___,.. prod~ction g f- one a half year old. The resear ~ h ei ' .. trci ~ d ' t o focus to her
.-. ....
research on
L ~ guage
Production ofOne A Half Year Old.1.2 The Problem of the Study
'I
~ n ( the study of a child's language development, there are of course l[lany
problems to be solved, and a study should be conducted. There are many questions to
be ... answered. The answers will increase the scientific and academic values in the
process of being able to understand the process of a child's language development
which can be said to be complicated. This is due to the fact that in many cases. The
acquisition of a language is specific something very understand the chi ld.
It is a requirement to understand the child's family background. If that is
understood, perhaps some, if not all the problems can be solve. A study on the
language acquisition can be very interesting and challenging. It is important to be
~
studied so that the development can be well understood. After presenting the
background of the study, there are questions to be answered this study. They
formulated ~ as follows:
1. What language aspects are produced by children of one
a
half year old?...
_
2. How do children produce the language aspects?
3. Is there any different language aspects produced by children of one a half
~
-year old?
1.3 The Objectives of Study
A study_on a cliild's language is always interesting ana -will,£ontripute a great
deal in the process of a child' s mental development. As has be en mentioned that this
research focus on language production of one a half year oldr.,....'i"ol analyze the
language aspects produced by children of one a halfyear old.
c:r
Q
lfhe objectives of the study as conveyed in the problems of the study are:
1. To find out the language aspects are produced by children of one a half
year old.
2. To find out how children produce the language aspects.
3. To find out ifthere is any different language aspects produced by children
of one a half year old.
1.4 The Significance of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful as an input for the
mo_dif1cation of an analysis on language production. It is intended to be addressed
about the language acquisition on one and a half years old children.
To ·show parents, teachers as well as experts' in speech produce of language
acquisit:on development:
1.5 The Scope and Limitation of the Study
...
There ru:e ~ fnany ~ aspects on language production that can be ~ studie.d such as
syntax on one-word utterances and tw<D-word utterances. It is of course difficult to
include them all. So thi's research focuses on language proauction of one a half year
,
, ~
~ld children. It is intended to look their very closely on the language production by
child~
iC based
on their activities and how they interact with other children and adults ....
"'
To study the production of language production would be very challenging in
terms of knowing the whole process of a child's development. Certainly, all those
would be very valuable in relation to the academic value of one's study. At this stage,
..
the researcher conducted on language production to find out the result because the
limitations of the study on language production as a way in improving children
produce words.
BABV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
As the last part of this thesis, the researcher describes some conclusions
related to the research.
In the process of a child language production, the children were able to know
the well the function of the words, and they could acts as what the words-means, even
though some words are still unclear yet.
surrounding. The children show a significant development on word-utterances/speech
produced during the three month. From the interview with the parents, it is found that
the child
was
trying to kinetics development. Basically, children acquire the languageby their natural schemes. It means that parents and the family should adapt their
language to their children's development \vithout paying attention to the languag
structure, in order that the language can be understood by the children, as the parents
and the family in making communication with their children.
5.2 Suggestions
After describing the conclusions above, the next step will be the su, gestions
which related of the research.
In developing the children's language production, parents have to guide their
Generally children· do not want to speak even a word to everybody they do not
know before, so to make communication running well, it is suggested to everybody to
make an approach by knowing the children behavior.
Titis study is just simple complicated research, and the results might be
different if conducted to other subjects in other area. The knowledge about children
language production on language acquisition should be informed to parents in general
because they have to know when and what factors that can ini1uence c_hildren abllity
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