The acceptability of Indonesian

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ABSTRACT

Kusumastuti, Ria Apriani (2017). The Acceptability of Indonesian – English Translation of the Scene Plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum Based on Larson’s Theory. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University

Museum is a favorite destination for foreigners to know about country they are visiting. Museum is also important for people who are interested in history to broaden their knowledge. Therefore, it is important to introduce the museum to public and the museum management are expected to make the information written in the museum in bilingual language to attract not only local people but also foreigners. One example which is written in bilingual is the scene plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum. This research is conducted to analyze the acceptability of the English translation of the plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum. The aim of this research is to answer a question: How is the acceptability of the scene plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum based on Larson’s theory?

This research is a qualitative research and the method is document analysis. The data were obtained from Diorama I and ten data were used in this research. The data were analyzed using meaning-based translation proposed by Larson (1984). There were six ways to test the translation, namely comparison with the source language, back-translation, comprehension checks, naturalness and readability testing, and consistency checks. Larson (1984) stated that a good translation is a translation which is clear, natural and accurate, and since the aim of the research was to find the acceptability of the English translation of the plaques, only three steps were taken. The three steps were clarity checking, naturalness checking, and accuracy checking. There were five categories for the translation, namely excellent, very good, good, sufficient, and poor.

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ABSTRAK

Kusumastuti, Ria Apriani (2017). The Acceptability of Indonesian – English Translation of the Scene Plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum Based on Larson’s Theory. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University

Museum adalah tujuan favorit bagi orang-orang asing untuk lebih mengetahui mengenai negara yang mereka kunjungi. Museum juga penting bagi orang-orang yang tertarik mempelajari sejarah untuk memperluas wawasan. Maka dari itu, sangatlah penting untuk mengenalkan museum dan pengelola museum diharapkan untuk menyediakan informasi dalam dwibahasa untuk lebih menarik minat pengunjung lokal maupun turis pendatang. Salah satu contoh yang tertulis dalam dwibahasa adalah deskripsi adegan di Museum Vredeburg. Penelitian berikut bertujuan untuk meneliti keberterimaan terjemahan Bahasa inggris dalam deskripsi adegan di Museum Benteng Vredeburg. Tujuan dari penilitian berikut adalah untuk menjawab pertanyaan: Bagaimanakah keberterimaan terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia-Bahasa Inggris dalam deskripsi adegan di Museum Benteng Vredeburg menurut teori terjemahan berdasarkan makna menggunakan teori Larson?

Berikut adalah penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan metode analisa dokumen. Data diambil dari Diorama I dan ada 10 data yang digunakan. Data tersebut kemudian diteliti menggunakan teori terjemahan berdasarkan makna menurut Larson (1984). Ada enam cara untuk menguji terjemahan, yaitu perbandingan dengan teks bahasa sumber, terjemahan balik, tes pemahaman, tes kewajaran dan tes keterbacaan, serta tes konsistensi. Larson (1984) menyatakan bahwa terjemahan yang baik adalah terjemahan yang jelas, wajar, serta tepat, dan karena tujuan dari penelitian berikut adalah untuk mengetahui keberterimaan terjemahan Bahasa Inggris, maka hanya tiga cara yang digunakan. Tiga cara tersebut adalah tes pemahaman, tes kewajaran, dan tes ketepatan. Ada lima kategori kualitas terjemahan, yaitu hampir sempurna, sangat bagus, baik, cukup, dan buruk.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata dari seluruh terjemahan adalah 9,5 dari total 12 yang menunjukkan bahwa terjemahan tersebut sangat bagus. Terjemahan yang sangat bagus ditunjukkan dengan sedikitnya perbedaan makna dan kesalahan kosa kata. Sementara itu, hanya ada satu teks terjemahan yang masuk dalam kategori cukup. Terjemahan yang berkategori cukup bermakna adanya terjemahan yang kaku dan kesalahan penggunaan idiom dan tata bahasa. Dalam pemahaman dan kewajaran, beberapa terjemahan tidak dapat dipahami dan diterjemahkan kata per kata. Dalam ketepatan, sebagian besar terjemahan menberikan informasi tambahan yang membuat target pembaca memahami istilah dari bahasa sumber. Meskipun demikian, beberapa perbaikan diperlukan untuk membuat terjemahan menjadi lebih baik.

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i

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ENGLISH

TRANSLATION OF THE SCENE PLAQUES IN FORT

VREDEBURG MUSEUM BASED ON LARSON’S THEORY

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By

Ria Apriani Kusumastuti Student Number: 121214109

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

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vi ABSTRACT

Kusumastuti, Ria Apriani (2017). The Acceptability of Indonesian – English

Translation of the Scene Plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum Based on Larson’s

Theory. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University

Museum is a favorite destination for foreigners to know about country they are visiting. Museum is also important for people who are interested in history to broaden their knowledge. Therefore, it is important to introduce the museum to public and the museum management are expected to make the information written in the museum in bilingual language to attract not only local people but also foreigners. One example which is written in bilingual is the scene plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum. This research is conducted to analyze the acceptability of the English translation of the plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum. The aim of this research is to answer a question: How is the acceptability of the scene plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum based on Larson’s theory?

This research is a qualitative research and the method is document analysis. The data were obtained from Diorama I and ten data were used in this research. The data were analyzed using meaning-based translation proposed by Larson (1984). There were six ways to test the translation, namely comparison with the source language, back-translation, comprehension checks, naturalness and readability testing, and consistency checks. Larson (1984) stated that a good translation is a translation which is clear, natural and accurate, and since the aim of the research was to find the acceptability of the English translation of the plaques, only three steps were taken. The three steps were clarity checking, naturalness checking, and accuracy checking. There were five categories for the translation, namely excellent, very good, good, sufficient, and poor.

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vii ABSTRAK

Kusumastuti, Ria Apriani (2017). The Acceptability of Indonesian – English

Translation of the Scene Plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum Based on Larson’s

Theory. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University

Museum adalah tujuan favorit bagi orang-orang asing untuk lebih mengetahui mengenai negara yang mereka kunjungi. Museum juga penting bagi orang-orang yang tertarik mempelajari sejarah untuk memperluas wawasan. Maka dari itu, sangatlah penting untuk mengenalkan museum dan pengelola museum diharapkan untuk menyediakan informasi dalam dwibahasa untuk lebih menarik minat pengunjung lokal maupun turis pendatang. Salah satu contoh yang tertulis dalam dwibahasa adalah deskripsi adegan di Museum Vredeburg. Penelitian berikut bertujuan untuk meneliti keberterimaan terjemahan Bahasa inggris dalam deskripsi adegan di Museum Benteng Vredeburg. Tujuan dari penilitian berikut adalah untuk menjawab pertanyaan: Bagaimanakah keberterimaan terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia-Bahasa Inggris dalam deskripsi adegan di Museum Benteng Vredeburg menurut teori terjemahan berdasarkan makna menggunakan teori Larson?

Berikut adalah penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan metode analisa dokumen. Data diambil dari Diorama I dan ada 10 data yang digunakan. Data tersebut kemudian diteliti menggunakan teori terjemahan berdasarkan makna menurut Larson (1984). Ada enam cara untuk menguji terjemahan, yaitu perbandingan dengan teks bahasa sumber, terjemahan balik, tes pemahaman, tes kewajaran dan tes keterbacaan, serta tes konsistensi. Larson (1984) menyatakan bahwa terjemahan yang baik adalah terjemahan yang jelas, wajar, serta tepat, dan karena tujuan dari penelitian berikut adalah untuk mengetahui keberterimaan terjemahan Bahasa Inggris, maka hanya tiga cara yang digunakan. Tiga cara tersebut adalah tes pemahaman, tes kewajaran, dan tes ketepatan. Ada lima kategori kualitas terjemahan, yaitu hampir sempurna, sangat bagus, baik, cukup, dan buruk.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata dari seluruh terjemahan adalah 9,5 dari total 12 yang menunjukkan bahwa terjemahan tersebut sangat bagus. Terjemahan yang sangat bagus ditunjukkan dengan sedikitnya perbedaan makna dan kesalahan kosa kata. Sementara itu, hanya ada satu teks terjemahan yang masuk dalam kategori cukup. Terjemahan yang berkategori cukup bermakna adanya terjemahan yang kaku dan kesalahan penggunaan idiom dan tata bahasa. Dalam pemahaman dan kewajaran, beberapa terjemahan tidak dapat dipahami dan diterjemahkan kata per kata. Dalam ketepatan, sebagian besar terjemahan menberikan informasi tambahan yang membuat target pembaca memahami istilah dari bahasa sumber. Meskipun demikian, beberapa perbaikan diperlukan untuk membuat terjemahan menjadi lebih baik.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I thank Allah SWT for the endless blessings during the writing of my undergraduate thesis. Without Him, I could not carry the weight of the heavy world.

My gratitude goes to my thesis advisor, Carla Sih Prabandari, S.Pd., M.Hum., who always brightens me with ideas and advises; Yohana Veniranda, M.Hum, M.A., Ph.D. and Laurentia Sumarni, S.Pd., M.Trans.St., who had given me endless support and motivation in writing a thesis on translation, also ideas and feedback on my thesis. I would like to thank all lecturers of the English Language Education Study Program for the knowledge during my study period in Sanata Dharma University, also to the Faculty of Teachers Training and Education for helping me during my study period. I also thank Fort Vredeburg Museum for the permission to take pictures related to this research.

My special thanks go to my beloved parents; Joko Riyanto and Suharsi for caring, loving, praying and supporting. In addition, I also thank my sisters and brother; Reni Yuliana Kusuma Astuti, Rina Febriani Puspitasari, Yoga Agung Kurniawan, and also my beloved nieces; Leandra Akila Larasati, Kiandra Vania Nareswari, Keisya Adeliana Az-Zahra for the happiness, joy, and love they bring to me.

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x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ... i

APPROVAL PAGES ... ii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ... iv

PERNYATAAN PERETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ... v

ABSTRACT ... vi

ABSTRACT ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x

LIST OF TABLES ... xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... xiv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Research Background... 1

B. Research Problem... 4

C. Problem Limitation ... 4

D. Research Objectives ... 5

E. Research Benefits ... 5

1. Future Researcher... 5

2. Fort Vredeburg Museum ... 5

3. Translator ... 5

4. Reader ... 6

F. Definition of Terms ... 6

1. Translation Acceptability ... 6

2. The Scene Plaques... 6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 8

A. Theoretical Description ... 8

1. Review on Related Study ... 8

2. Translation... 10

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xi

b. Translation Procedures ... 12

1. Preparation ... 12

2. Analysis ... 13

3. Transfer ... 13

4. Initial Draft ... 13

5. Reworking the initial draft ... 13

6. Testing the translation ... 14

7. Preparing the manuscript for the publisher ... 14

c. Meaning-based Translation ... ₁₅

d. Translation Testing... 16

1. Comparison with the source language ... 16

2. Back-translation ... 17

3. Comprehension tests ... 17

4. Naturalness tests ... 17

5. Readability tests ... 18

6. Consistency checks ... 18

7. Using the testing results ... 18

e. Acceptable Translation ... ₁₈

B.

Theoretical Framework ... ₂₂

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... ₂₄

A. Research Method ... ₂₅

B. Research Setting... ₂₅

C. Research Subject ... ₂₅

D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique ... ₂₅

1. Human ... ₂₆

2. Documents ... ₂₆

3. Rubric ... ₂₆

E. Data Analysis Technique ... ₂₇

F. Research Procedure ... ₂₉

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... ₃₁

1. Excellent Acceptability ... ₃₂

2. Very Good Acceptability ... ₃₅

3. Good Acceptability ... ₃₉

4. Sufficient Acceptability ... ₄₁

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xii

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... ₄₄

A. Conclusions ... 44

B. Recommendations... ₄₅

REFERENCES ... ₄₈

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xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 2.1 Translation Criteria Suggested by Machali, 2000 ... 19

Table 2.2 Scoring Criteria ... 20

Table 2.3 First Acceptability Rubric made by the Researcher ... 21

Table 2.4 Final Acceptability Rubric ... 22

Table 4.1 The Overall Acceptability of English Translation Plaques ... 32

Table 4.2 Accuracy of Information from Case 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 ... 33

Table 4.3 Accuracy in Grammar from Case 2.4 ... 34

Table 4.4 Accuracy in Grammar from Case 6 ... 35

Table 4.11 Clarity and naturalness Problem from Case 3.1 ... 39

Table 4.12 Accuracy in Grammar problem from Case 3.3 ... 40

Table 4.13 Accuracy in Grammar problem from Case 3.2 ... 41

Table 4.14 Accuracy in Grammar and Naturalness Problems from Case 10.1 .... 41

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xiv

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the important aspect of the research. This chapter includes research background, research problem, problem limitation, research objectives, research benefits, and definitions of terms. The first part is the research background. The research background explains the reason for conducting the research, some issues in translation, and the consequences of translation failure. Then, the research problem deals with the question which is going to be answered through this research. The third part of this chapter is the problem limitation. The focus of the study will be limited and presented on the problem formulation part. The next part is the research objectives and the desired outcome of the research will be presented. The fifth part of this chapter is the research benefits of the research for the future researchers, Fort Vredeburg Museum, the translator, and the readers. The last part of this chapter is the definition of terms used in this research, such as the translation acceptability and the scene plaques.

A. Research Background

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(Aitchison, 2003). The way of communicating can help people to convey the message to the interlocutor.

By communicating, a lot of messages can be delivered. To convey the message successfully to the interlocutor, the same language should be considered. In this case, the role of translators is important. Translators help in transferring one language or Source Language (SL) to another language or Target Language (TL) (Munday and Hatim, 2004).

Nowadays, translators are needed because more and more countries are cooperating with each other in every aspect of life. Translators are needed because not many people understand the target language. The role of translators is also important in helping the source language users to communicate with the target language users. This communication is not limited to the conversation in real life, but it is also helpful in promoting certain products manufactured in foreign countries.

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translators make a mistake in translation, it can lead into ambiguous information. Keeping the information is necessary to avoid miscommunication.

The bilingual signs are also found in Fort Vredeburg Museum. Fort Vredeburg Museum is a museum located in Yogyakarta. The museum is open for public and the visitors can go to the museum from Tuesday – Sunday from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. The museum is famous among the local and foreign tourists and it is the symbol of the hardship of the Indonesian people during the colonial era. As a place where the objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest are kept (“Museum”), Fort Vredeburg Museum gives the visitors real scenes and properties

used during the colonial era. Each scene is equipped with the explanation written both in English and Indonesian and the explanation of the scenes is called plaques. The aim of this paper is to analyze the acceptability of the bilingual plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum since the museum is widely known in Yogyakarta; both among local and foreign tourists. The museum has four dioramas and there are some plaques inside each diorama. The plaques are mostly bilingual. The researcher aims to know the acceptability of the English translation in the plaques in Diorama I. Each plaque has the Indonesian and the English description on it. The detailed descriptions are given. Besides, there are several Japanese and Dutch terms which are untranslatable into English.

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acceptable. The expected result is to find out the acceptability of the English translation in the plaques.

B. Research Problem

From the ideas presented in the background above, not all translation products are acceptable. The translation product should be tested further to know its acceptability. Based on those reasons, this paper aims to answer a question: How is the acceptability of the scene plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum based on Larson’s theory?

C. Problem Limitation

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D. Research Objectives

The aim of this research is to analyze the acceptability of the scene plaques translation in Fort Vredeburg Museum. The acceptability covers the clarity, accuracy, and naturalness of the plaques. The acceptability is checked using the meaning-based theory.

E. Research Benefits

The finding of this research will be beneficial for: 1. Future Researcher

This research can be beneficial for the future researchers to follow the same path. This research can be a guide to improve the translation of a certain product.

2. Fort Vredeburg Museum

The results of this research will be given to Fort Vredeburg Museum management later on. This research can be beneficial for Fort Vredeburg Museum to produce acceptable translation of the plaques. If the plaques are corrected, they will be beneficial for the visitors, especially for the foreigner. They will understand the scenes given and the information they get will not be ambiguous. 3. Translator

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4. Reader

This research can also be beneficial for the readers who are interested in translation. The readers get to know some theories and can know how to check the acceptability of a certain translation product.

F. Definition of Terms 1. Translation Acceptability

There are two main kinds of translation which are form-based translation and meaning-based translation. The form-based itself deals with the word-per-word translation, while the meaning-based translation deals with the communicative meaning of the translation. The acceptable translation is the one using as natural language as possible or in other words, the acceptable translation uses meaning-based translation. Larson (1984: 6) states three aspects of the best translation which are:

a) uses the normal language forms of the receptor language, b) communicates, as much as possible, to the receptor language speakers the same meaning that was understood by the speakers of the source language, and c) maintains the dynamics of the original source language text.

Some aspects should be considered, such as clarity, accuracy and naturalness. Therefore, translation products are called acceptable if they are clear, accurate, and natural.

2. The Scene Plaques

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8 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains the review on related studies, theoretical description, and theoretical framework of the research. The theoretical description deals with the translation, which are the definition of translation, translation procedure, meaning-based translation proposed by Larson, and translation acceptability. The theoretical framework deals with summarizing the theories which can help the researcher to find the answers to the research problem.

A. Theoretical Description 1. Review on Related Study

In this part, the researcher discussed related studies done by other researchers. This part is important to know the focus of the research. There are two related studies conducted to find translation acceptability.

The first is a graduate thesis written by Veniranda (2003) entitled An

Analysis on the Translation of Shiraishi’s Young Heroes: The Indonesian Family

in Politics into Pahlawan Pahlawan Belia: Keluarga Indonesia dalam Politik

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also finds out that the translations omit or add some information to adjust them to TL culture.

Another related study is an undergraduate thesis written by Hapsari (2014) entitled The Acceptability of the English translations of the zoo plaque displayed

in the Gembira Loka Zoo Yogyakarta based on Larson’s theory. This thesis

focuses on the Indonesia – English translation and it has one objective. This thesis uses Larson’s theory and it finds the acceptability of the zoo plaque translation.

The result of the study conducted by Hapsari (2014) is that the acceptability of the English translations of the zoo plaque displayed in the Gembira Loka Zoo Yogyakarta is poor. From the study, she finds out that 78.26% of the translations are unacceptable due to some grammatical mistakes and unnatural sentences in the translations.

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2. Translation

a. The Definition of Translation

According to Newmark (1981, p. 7), translation is a kind of work in changing one language to another. This work, as he proposed, makes a lot of changes in the target language. It is because the source language culture is different from the target language culture, and that is why the translator needs to adjust them to make the readers understand the meaning.

The process of translation involves transferring one language to another (Bassnett, 2008). By translating one language to another, readers will understand a text written in the source language. In line with this problem, translators have a big role to bridge the language gap between the foreigner and the native, according to Newmark (1988):

He works on four levels: translation is first a science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describes them- here, what is wrong, mistakes of truth, can be identified; secondly, it is a skill, which calls for appropriate language and acceptable usage; thirdly, an art, which distinguishes good from undistinguished writing and is the creative, the intuitive, sometimes the inspired, level of the translation; lastly, a matter of taste, where argument ceases, preferences are expressed, and the variety of meritorious translations is the reflection of individual differences. (p. 6).

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language and the target language to make the readers understand the meaning. A deep research should be done to make the translation product acceptable, readable, and understandable.

In translating, the translators need to adjust the SL culture and the TL culture to produce a good translation (Bassnett, 2008), “… translation as a highly suspect activity, one in which an inequality of power relations (inequalities of economics, politics, gender and geography) is reflected in the mechanics of textual production.” It means that in translating something, translator does not

only translate word per word but also consider the target language cultures. The important thing on translation is to make the target reader understand the information given. The information they receive should be suitable with their own society.

In translation, Newmark (1981) states that there are two strategies which can be applied. The first is global translation strategies or often called translation methods and the second is local translation strategies or even called translation procedures. The translation methods include translation procedures. The translation procedures are more specified than translation methods.

In coping with the globalization era, a lot of advertisers are willing to pay a certain amount of money to make the products known worldwide. Translation is a good way to make the foreigners understand the product given. According to Munday (2001):

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written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL). (p. 11).

b. Translation Procedures

There are a lot of theories of the translation procedures proposed by the experts of translation. Newmark (1981) proposes a theory of the translation procedure, other experts proposed a similar theory with a different name, i.e. translation strategy. Other experts are Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), who proposed the same theory, which is the translation method. According to Vinay and Darbelnet (1995, p. 128), translation procedures may vary, but the core of translation procedures can be seen from seven procedures. According to Newmark (1988), “while translation methods relate to whole texts, translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language.” (p. 81).

Translation procedures proposed by Larson (1984) consist of eight steps, which are:

1. Preparation

According to Larson (1984), preparation in translation consists of two steps which are the preparation the translator needs before taking the translation project and the preparation before the translator translates the project. The first step deals with the ability of transferring the SL text into the TL text. The ability should be mastered by the translator by taking some training in translation.

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text and even the translator needs to know the background of the author to communicate the meaning well.

2. Analysis

In analyzing the text, the translator needs to be very careful. The translator needs to point out the terms used in the text. Larson (1984) calls the terms as the “key words” and they should be analyzed further to understand the text. Some

adjustment should be made and a deep research should be conducted. This step is important to help the translator familiar with the SL and it makes the translation process easier.

3. Transfer

After analyzing the text, the text transfer will be done. This step requires the changing language of the SL into the TL. This step, according to Larson (1984), should be done using the meaning-based translation to make the text as natural as possible.

4. Initial draft

According to Larson (1984, p. 481), “the work of analysis, transfer, and initial draft are not independent the one of the other”. He points out that the key of

this process is making the translation as natural as possible. It can be done by checking the SL text and the TL text back and forth as the translation is not an instant process.

5. Reworking the initial draft

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and marking the unclear sentences is highly recommended. In this step, Larson (1984, p. 482) states that “the reworking of the initial draft includes checking for

naturalness and for accuracy”. Checking naturalness and accuracy cover some aspects that should be taken care of, according to Larson (1984):

1) wrong grammatical forms or obscure constructions, 2) places that seem too wordy, 3) wrong order, awkward phrasing, 4) places where the connections don’t seem right and it doesn’t flow easily, 5) collocational clashes, 6) questionable meaning, i.e. it seems strange now that he hears it read, and 7) style. (p. 482)

After checking is done, the translator needs to remake the initial draft. The initial draft should be remade over and over again to make sure there is no mistake. After the translator is sure about the initial draft, the next step is making the second draft. This second draft is a draft containing no mistakes according to the translator. The next stage is checking the second draft with other parties and it will be discussed on the sixth step.

6. Testing the translation

This step requires other parties to take a part in checking the second draft. Those parties are needed to fulfill the triangulation. Besides the translator, the experts and the reviewers are needed to avoid the translation bias. After the second draft is checked by other parties, the third draft should be made considering the suggestion of the parties. There are some processes in this step and the processes are discussed on part d.

7. Preparing the manuscript for the publisher

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and it should be read by the translator and other parties. Reading the final draft is needed to make sure that the final draft is ready.

c. Meaning-based Translation

Larson (1984) states two main kinds of translation, namely form-based translation and meaning-based translation. The theory deals with the quality of the translation itself. Meanwhile, the goal of translation is to make the translation which sounds alike as the TL as much as possible.

The first theory is form-based translation or usually known as literal translation. This kind of translation deals with translating word-per-word. The goal of this literal translation is keeping the same grammatical form of the SL and it is useful for studying the SL words. By translating word-per-word, the intended meaning of the text is unknown; that is why this kind of translation is considered as a poor translation.

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Example 2.1

SL : Saya tidak meninggalkannya. Literal Translation : I not leave her.

Idiomatic translation : I do not leave her.

In example 2.1, the literal translation translates words as exactly as the SL. It makes a little sense and it is grammatically wrong. Meanwhile, in the idiomatic translation, adjustment is made and it is grammatically right and acceptable.

d. Translation Testing

According to Larson (1984, pp. 488-503) in testing the translation, the translator needs to work together with the consultants and the reviewers to make the translation accurate, clear and natural. The test with other parties is needed to avoid translation bias. Another reason is that when making the translation, the translator might leave accuracy, clarity and naturalness of the text. The test should be done to make the translation product be understood by the TL users. In this testing, according to Larson (1984) there are some steps to be conducted, which are:

1. Comparison with the source language

In this step, the translator needs to compare the SL and TL by doing it over and over again. According to Larson (1984, p. 490), “the translator will make

another comparison of source language and receptor language texts, looking for any problems or potential problems”. In making this comparison, the information

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translator himself or by the people who know both SL and TL. If the translator compares the text himself, he needs to be as objective as possible.

2. Back-translation

Back-translation is done by translating the TL into SL. According to Larson (1984), “a back translation makes it possible for the translator and a

consultant to make a careful comparison with the source text, looking for differences in meaning, and for inadequate application of translation principles. It should be done by another person. This person should master the SL and TL well. He or she should read the TL text and try to write the SL without reading the SL text first. The purpose of the back-translation is to check if the translation communicates the meaning well to the TL users. This back-translation is very different from the translating process; the translating process concerns with naturalness of the text, meanwhile the back-translation deals with meaning equivalence.

3. Comprehension tests

This comprehension test is done by the person who is fluent in TL to retell the information from the TL text. Then, some questions related to the text are formulated to check the understanding of the respondent. The questions related to the text can cover “… the discourse style, or about the theme of the text, or they

may be questions which have to do with details” (Larson, 1984, p. 490).

4. Naturalness tests

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this step, the reviewer not only checks the clarity and naturalness, but he or she needs to check the accuracy.

5. Readability tests

The readability test is done by asking someone to read the text aloud. The hesitation or the mistaken part should be marked and asked to the respondent. Some questions related to the difficulty of reading should be prepared and asked. 6. Consistency checks

Consistency checks deal with the term used in the text. If there are some foreign words in the text, they should be carefully checked. This consistency check is done to communicate the same meaning. Some questions should be prepared in this consistency check to be analyzed further.

7. Using the testing results

The testing results are used to do the next stages, which are preparation, analysis, transfer, initial draft, reworking the initial draft, testing the translation, polishing the manuscript, and preparing the manuscript for the publisher. Some checking should be done again to make sure that the tests are valid and acceptable.

e. Acceptable Translation

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Table 2.1 Translation Criteria Suggested by Machali, 2000

Category Score Indicator

Excellent 86-90 translation. There are no vocabulary mistakes; only one or two spelling mistakes (in Arabic, no spelling mistakes are than 15% of the translation. Only one or two non-standard terms. Only one or two spelling mistakes (in Arabic, no spelling mistakes are allowed).

Sufficient 46-60

(D)

It feels like a translation; some literal translation but not more than 25%. Some idiomatic and grammatical mistakes, but not more than 25% from the whole text. Only one or two non-standard/not common and/ unclear terms.

Poor 20-45

(E)

It sounds like a translation; too many awkward literal translation (more than 25% of the whole text). Distortions of meanings and vocabulary mistakes are more than 25% of the whole text.

Based on the criteria, the researcher made the acceptability rubric and helped by an expert in translation. The rubric is a compilation of some theories in translation. The criteria were divided into four namely idiomatic, near idiomatic, modified literal, and very literal. The scoring was adapted from Machali (2000) and they are divided into five categories. The highest total score would be 12 and it made the excellent translation. In the contrary, the lowest total score would be 3 and it made the poor translation. Detailed scoring of the translation is expressed in Table 2.2.

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understood by TL users who are not familiar with SL text. It is important to avoid ambiguities so it will not cause a confusion from the readers.

Table 2.2 Scoring Criteria

Score Criteria

3-4 Poor

5-6 Sufficient

7-8 Good

9-10 Very Good

11-12 Excellent

Then, the second criteria of an acceptable translation is natural. Natural means the TL users are familiar with the idiomatic forms used. To be natural, the translator should translate ideas, not words (Larson, 1984). Awkward sentences and transitions that make a translation sound awkward should be avoided.

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Table 2.3 First Acceptability Rubric made by the Researcher

Score

Category 4 (Idiomatic)

3 (Near Idiomatic)

2 (Modified

Literal) 1 (Very Literal)

Clear

Score: 1-4= unacceptable 4-8= corrections are needed 9-12= acceptable

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acceptability rubric made by the researcher with the help of the expert is presented in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Final Acceptability Rubric

Score

Category 4 (Idiomatic)

3 (Near Idiomatic)

2 (Modified

Literal) 1 (Very Literal)

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check the acceptability of the translation of the plaques. In this part, the researcher explains how the theories are used to check if the translation is acceptable.

The researcher uses the theory proposed by Larson (1984) to check the accuracy, clarity, and the naturalness of the plaques. The researcher makes a rubric helped by the expert to evaluate the translation. The accuracy will be tested by comparing the SL text to the TL text and naturalness checking. In comparing the TL text, the researcher will do it herself, while the naturalness checking will be done by asking the expert and the researcher herself.

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24 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes research method, research setting, research subject, research instrument and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

The research was under qualitative data method. According to Strauss and Corbin (1997), “qualitative data analysis is a search for general statements about relationships and underlying themes; it builds grounded theory” (as cited in

Marshall and Rossman, 2006, p. 154). The data were obtained from the bilingual plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum and some related literatures were linked to the data. The bilingual plaques were taken from Diorama I. The research was aimed to find the acceptability of the bilingual plaques using Larson’s meaning-based

theory.

Then, the method of this research is document analysis. According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun (2015), “content or document analysis is a technique

that enables researchers to study human behavior in an indirect way, through an analysis of their communication” (p. 476). The comparison of the texts, both in

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B. Research Setting

The data were collected twice on 14 September 2015 and 20 September 2015 in Fort Vredeburg Museum. The data were obtained by taking pictures of the plaques. The researcher decided to use only ten plaques out of forty-eight and they were taken from Diorama I. The researcher was focusing on the non-random sampling and the plaques chosen were from Prince Diponegoro era until Japanese colonial in Indonesia. There was no special permission needed to take the pictures since it is a public place and the plaques are categorized as the public documents.

C. Research Subject

The researcher and Fort Vredeburg museum plaques act as the subject of the research. The data are obtained by the researcher and the data analysis is done by the researcher. The testing is conducted by the researcher to find the acceptability of the plaques. Moreover, the researcher was actively participated on the research process.

D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

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1. Human

The instrument of this research is human or the researcher herself. Larson (1984, p. 489), proposed some criteria for the researcher on translation. The first is the researcher should know both languages. The second is the researcher should be able to write in the target language. Lastly, the researcher should have the academic background of the translation studies. The plaques mainly contain two languages which are Indonesia (source language) and English (target language), but some plaques used Japanese and Javanese terms. Since the research focused on the translation between English and Indonesian, the terms in Japanese and Javanese were ignored. The researcher knows and able to write on both languages; English and Indonesian. In terms of educational background, the researcher is the student at the English Language Education Study Program, which enables the researcher to communicate fluently in English.

2. Documents

The documents are obtained from Fort Vredeburg museum plaques and there are forty-eight of them. The plaques used are the plaques in Diorama I and there are ten plaques. The documents consist of some information about the scene presented. The document on the museum plaques contain both source and target language which are Indonesia and English. Some plaques contain Javanese and Japanese terms, but they will be ignored.

3. Rubric

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the most used theories are the meaning-based translation theory proposed by Larson (1984) and a translation criteria proposed by Machali (2000). Those theories are combined into a scoring rubric to judge the translation. It contains clarity, naturalness, and accuracy category and the total score of it will determine the translation criteria.

E. Data Analysis Technique

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The first step in analyzing the data was checking the data using the scoring rubric. The first checking is clarity checking, the researcher pointed out the intended meaning of the text. Clear translation is a translation which can communicate to the readers (Larson, 1984). To fulfill the acceptability criteria, the text should be able to deliver the meaning to the readers. Moreover, the sentences should flow smoothly and should not have ambiguities. In this checking, TL text was analyzed and marked. Sentences which were hardly understood should be marked as unclear sentences. After the clarity was known, then the process went to naturalness checking.

Then, in the naturalness checking. The researcher pointed out about the ideas of the text. As the criteria of meaning-based translation, the natural translation should not translate words but it should translate ideas (Larson, 1984). To be acceptable, the ideas should be translated in the natural form of the TL.

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F. Research Procedure

In the research, the researcher used some procedures, the first is collecting the data. The data were obtained by taking some pictures using cameras and some blurred words were retyped in cell phone. After the data were obtained, the data were retyped and put into tables. Both Indonesian and English versions of the data were included into the table.

After the data were collected, related theories were connected to analyze the data. After understanding the theories, the researcher found the good criteria of the translation product. An acceptability rubric was made to evaluate the translation. Then, the data were categorized into several categories to check the acceptability of the translation. There were 5 categories for the translation, namely excellent, very good, good, sufficient, and poor.

Then the third is triangulation. Triangulation is needed to avoid translation bias. According to Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun (2015), “it involves checking what one hears and sees by comparing one’s sources of information” (p. 515). The

triangulation was done by the expert in the translation field who masters both SL and TL. The expert is a lecturer of English Education Study Program in Sanata Dharma University and she understands both SL and TL. Larson (1984), proposed that the translation tester should understand the translation principles and understand the TL well. Since she wrote about translation in her master degree, she knows about the translation principles.

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questionnaire is not good since the researcher may not learn from it. Then based on her suggestion, the triangulation is done orally with only one expert in translation to save some times since the oral triangulation will not finish quickly. This oral triangulation is carried out as suggested by the expert and it is proven to be meaningful since it requires a discussion between the researcher and the expert. In this triangulation, the researcher points out some reasons in giving the score for each text and gives a suggestion for the correct translation. Then, the expert will agree or disagree with the reasons; she will give some suggestions and it will help the researcher giving the correct scoring for the translation.

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31 CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter contains the results and findings of the research of the acceptability of the Fort Vredeburg Museum bilingual plaques. In this chapter, the overall results and detailed description of the research are presented. Moreover, the research question is answered in this chapter.

In finding the acceptability of the translated plaques, some theories from experts are used. The checking was done by using the rubric based on the theory proposed by Larson (1984) namely meaning-based translation. There are some tests on it, but the researcher only uses three types of test since the goal is to check the acceptability of the bilingual plaques.

The types of test used by the researcher are clarity checking, naturalness checking, and accuracy checking. As mentioned on the previous chapters, clarity checking is done by reading through the text and marking the unclear sentences. Then, the naturalness checking is done by analyzing the diction and expression of the text. Lastly, the comparison test and grammar checking are done to check the accuracy of the translated text.

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further whether it has good and/ bad phrases, and good and/ bad sentences. The acceptability of the overall cases is presented in table 4.1.

Table 4.1 The Overall Acceptability of English Translation Plaques

Case Number

Clarity Naturalness Accuracy Total Score

Acceptability

1 4 3 3 10 Very Good

2 4 4 4 12 Excellent

3 2 2 4 8 Good

4 2 3 4 7 Good

10 2 2 2 6 Sufficient

The highest score found in this research is 12 and it is considered as excellent translation, meanwhile the lowest score is 6 and it is considered as sufficient translation. From table 4.1, the total score is added together then it is divided by total case number which is 10, and the overall acceptability of the English translation plaques is 9.5 out of 12. From the overall acceptability, the translations are categorized as very good translations. Each category has been discussed with the expert in translation and it is discussed further.

1. Excellent Acceptability

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information skewed. Moreover, accuracy in grammar should be concerned. In this research, the bilingual plaques are excellent if the score is 11 or 12; three cases have excellent accuracy, namely case 2, 6, and 8.

Case number 2 is scored 12 and it is shown that it has excellent acceptability. There are no serious problems found, yet three good phrases and a bad sentence are found. In case number 2, the researcher found three additions, namely case 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3. The additions are underlined and presented in table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Accuracy of Information from Case 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3

Case Source Language Target Language

2.1 AI

KONGRES BUDI UTOMO DI YOGYAKARTA

FIRST CONGRESS OF BUDI UTOMO IN YOGYAKARTA

2.2 AI

Lokasi : Ruang Makan

Kweekschool Yogyakarta (SMU 11, Jl. AM. Sangaji Yogyakarta)

Location : Dining Room of

Kweekschool Yogyakarta (State Senior High School, SMU 11, AM. Sangaji Street. Yogyakarta)

2.3 AI

Adegan : Sutomo (Pelajar STOVIA) menyampaikan gagasan di Konggres I Boedi Oetomo di Gedung

Kweekschool Yogyakarta.

Scene : Sutomo, a student of

STOVIA (Medical School for the Indigenous People), was explaining his ideas in The First Congress of Boedi Oetomo in Kweekschool Yogyakarta.

From table 4.2, the additions are considered good since the TL readers are not familiar with the terms from SL. From case 2.1, the addition is on the word first, it gives the TL readers more information since the readers probably do not

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The first term is the word SMU; in Indonesia, it means Sekolah Menengah Umum or in English it is a high school and SMU 11 is a state school, therefore the

translation is correct and presented in case 2.2. Meanwhile, STOVIA stands for School tot Opleiding van Indilandsche Artsen and it is a medical school in Dutch

colonial era. The translation for STOVIA is presented in case 2.3. and it is a correct translation. Those additions are good since the addition of necessary information will make TL readers understand more about the things which are being discussed.

Table 4.3 Accuracy in Grammar from Case 2.4

Case Source Language Target Language Suggestion

2.4 AG

Setelah Boedi Oetomo terbentuk tanggal 20 Mei 1908, segera dibentuk cabang-cabang di daerah.

The organization Boedi Oetomo was established on May 20, 1908 and was immediately followed by establishment of the branches in some regions.

The organization Boedi Oetomo was established on May 20, 1908 and was immediately followed by establishments of

branches in some regions.

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This research focuses on the big picture of translation which means it is to check whether the readers understand the message of the translation or not. From the problem in table 4.3, the use of article is not considered as a serious problem since the message of the translation is clear. Moreover, the information is preserved and it avoids translation bias.

Meanwhile, some serious mistakes are found from case 6, and they are presented in table 4.4. Those cases have some untranslated words and they may make the TL readers confused if they have not read the other plaques. Since those words are not translated, the score for naturalness is 3; but for the clarity, the score is 4 because those words do not affect its entire translation, meaning that the TL readers can still get the intended meaning of the text by reading through it. Those words are lokasi, waktu, and adegan. The same untranslated words are also found in case 8 and it also gets 3 for the score. The suggestion for those cases is to translate those words to avoid confusion and the correct translations for lokasi is location, waktu is time, and adegan is scene.

Table 4.4 Accuracy in Grammar from Case 6

6.1 C/N

Lokasi Lokasi Location

6.2 C/N

Waktu Waktu Time

6.3 C/N

Adegan Adegan Scene

2. Very Good Acceptability

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7, and 9. Those cases get 4 for the clarity which mean they can be easily understood and no serious mistakes is found. For the naturalness and accuracy, distortion of meaning and some grammatical mistakes are found in those cases.

1.1 AG

sejak 21 Juli – 9 Oktober 1825

Since July 21 to October 9, 1825

From July 21 to October 9, 1825

Some grammatical mistakes are found in case 1 and they make case 1 gets only 3 for the score. The first mistake is related to the choice of conjunction. From table 4.5, the word sejak which means from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now. The translation for this word used in the case is since and it is not wrong. The word since here is the literal translation of the word sejak. The reason which makes it wrong is the following words. It is said that the event was happened until 1825 and according to Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, the word since should be used to signal time in the past until now. Therefore, the word since should be replaced with the word from because it indicates a range of time. Therefore, a correct translation for sejak 21 Juli – 9 Oktober 1825 is from July 21 to October 9, 1825.

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1.3 AG

Akhir Juli 1825, di Selarong berkumpul

gathered in Selarong. They were Prince Mangkubumi, they were ready to fight with Prince Diponegoro they were ready to fight with Prince Diponegoro against the Dutch.

Beside of those problems, case 1 has a goodness in it. The goodness found is about the accuracy in information and it is presented in table 4.7. From case 1.2, the SL does not give detailed information about who leads the attack. Meanwhile in TL, the translator gives an information that the attack was led by someone. The addition is on the phrase under the leadership of the Resident Chevalier and it is considered good to give additional information to the readers.

1.2 AI

Tangal 20 Juli 1825 Belanda berhasil mengepung kediaman Pangeran Diponegoro di Tegalrejo.

On July 20, 1825, under the leadership of the Resident Chevalier, the Dutch surrounded the residence of Prince Diponegoro in Tegalrejo.

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of the abbreviation STOVIA. Although it has been mentioned before in the previous plaque, the addition is necessary since the TL readers may not read the previous plaque. The suggestion is to add additional information for the abbreviation STOVIA which is Medical School for the Indigenous People.

7.2 AI

STOVIA STOVIA STOVIA (Medical School for the

Indigenous People)

The next problems are found in case 7.3 and it is also related to naturalness and accuracy. The first problem is on the phrase but then and according to the rule of grammar, the word but should not be placed in front of the sentence when used in the formal context. Since the plaque is considered as formal document, the conjunction is considered wrong. The second problem from the phrase but then is related to the accuracy of information in terms of the use of conjunction. The Indonesian phrase for but then is tetapi selajutnya and it shows a contrast or difference. On the contrary, the SL word used is selanjutnya or then in English and it shows continuity. Since the meaning of those conjunctions are different, the suggestion for the phrase but then is to delete the word but to make an accurate translation.

7.3 AI / AG / N

Selanjutnya, nama Tri Koro Dharmo diubah menjadi Jong Java pada tahun 1918.

But then, Tri Koro Dharmo was renamed into Jong Java in 1918 in Solo.

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Beside of those problems, addition of information that is considered good is also found from case 7.4. From this case, the location is Kintelan street but it is now a primary school and the name of the street is changed into Bridgen Katamso street. The SL does not provide additional information about this location since the SL readers may now about it, but the TL gives more information about it. This addition is considered good to make TL readers know that the name of the street is now changed.

7.4 AI Jl. Kintelan 139 Yogyakarta Kintelan Street No. 139 (now Brigjen Katamso Street No. 23)

3. Good Acceptability

From the research, case 3 and 4 have good acceptability. In clarity, both cases get 2 for the score. Some sentences are in the awkward translation and they make the readers hardly understand the intended meaning of the text.

Table 4.11 Clarity and naturalness Problem from Case 3.1

3.1

established in response to the situation in which there were many deviation of religious practices from the principle

guidance of the Qur’an and

Sunnah, such as the practice of khurofat (superstitions),

Bid’ah (excessive religious practices), and Shirk (adoration to many gods).

Muhammadiyah was established in response to many deviations of religious practices from the principle guidance of

the Qur’an and Sunnah,

such as the practice of khurofat (superstitions),

Bid’ah (excessive

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From table 4.11, the translation has problems in clarity and naturalness. The translated sentence seems awkward and they are translated word-for-word. It is shown in the phrase in response to the situation in which there were many deviation. The phrase is awkward and complicated; it is suggested to delete some

of the words to make it simple. The suggestion is to delete the situation in which there were and leave the translation into in response to many deviations.

The second problem found in case 3.1 is related to the accuracy in grammar. In English, the word deviation is either countable or uncountable noun, and begun with the word many then it is considered as countable noun. As the rule of grammar, the word many should be followed by plural forms and the suggestion is to add -s after the word deviation since it is countable.

Table 4.12 Accuracy in Grammar problem from Case 3.3

3.3 AI / AG

Selain pendidikan & sosial masyarakat belum mengalami masa cerah, akibat adanya diskriminasi dari Belanda.

In addition, the education and social life was so terrible due to the discrimination of the Dutch colonial government.

In addition, the education and the social life were so terrible due to the

discrimination of the Dutch colonial government.

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the social life, but the verb is was. As the rule of grammar, the verb was is used if

the subject is one, and the verb were is used if the subject is more than one. Therefore, it is suggested to change the verb was into were to avoid grammatical mistake.

Table 4.13 Accuracy in Grammar problem from Case 3.2

3.2 AI

Bid’ah, & syirik Bid’ah (excessive religious practices), and Shirk

(adoration to many gods)

On the contrary, the translation in case 3 is related to the accuracy of information. The terms bid’ah and syirik are related to religious terms and some people will not understand them. Those additions are considered good since they give information for TL readers.

4. Sufficient Acceptability

A translation is called sufficient if the translation is not good or not bad. From the research, only case number 10 has sufficient acceptability. In clarity, naturalness, and accuracy, the case gets 2 for the score.

Table 4.14 Accuracy in Grammar and Naturalness Problems from Case 10.1

10.1 Japanese exercise Taisso, had to follow the habits of Japanese people such as shaving their heads balded, wearing hat like Japanese soldiers, and joining the marching exercises.

The school children had to do a Japanese

exercise called Taisso

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There are some mistakes found from case 10.1. The first mistake is related to the use of conjunction. The word hence, according to English grammar, should not be placed in the beginning of a sentence in formal writing. It is also considered wrong in terms of accuracy in information. The SL does not have a conjunction in it and the addition in TL considered not good since it is different from the SL. Another problem found in case 10.1 is related to the use of complex sentence and the verbs are not parallel. The verbs used in this case are not parallel since they use past perfect tense and v-ing in a sentence. Moreover, the translation seems word-for-word and it has incomplete sentence. The suggestion for this case is to break the sentence into two sentences to avoid a run on. Another suggestion is to make the verb parallel by combining same verbs into a sentence.

Another problem is related to the use of adjective. The sentence had to follow the habits of Japanese people such as shaving their heads balded is incorrect in terms of grammar. The word balded was not correctly written since it is an adjective and it should not have affixes on it. Therefore, the word balded should be changed into bald.

Table 4.14 Accuracy of Information Problem from Case 10.2

10.2 AI

penanaman semangat Kebaktian (Hokoseisyin) meliputi tiga hal yaitu mengorbankan diri, mempertebal persaudaraan dan melakukan sesuatu dengan bukti.

In schools they were also trained to

internalize the Spirit of Loyalty (Hokoseisyin), which contained three things: sacrificing ourselves, strengthening the

In schools they were also trained to

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Meanwhile, for case 10.2, the sentence is incomplete since there is no translation for the phrase mempertebal persaudaraan dan melakukan sesuatu dengan bukti. The translation for the phrase is only strengthening the and the rest

of it is left blank. The suggestion for this problem is to add the translation of it and not to leave the sentence hanging. The suggestion for this sentence is strengthening relationship, and doing something with a proof.

5. Poor Acceptability

A translation is called poor if the translation only scored 3 or 4. It shows that the translation is very literal and nearly word-for-word translation. In the clarity, the translation is not clear and cannot communicate the meaning to the readers.

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44 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions of the research and some suggestions related to the bilingual plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum. The suggestions are given to the translator of the bilingual plaques, the management of Fort Vredeburg Museum, English learners and lecturers, and future researchers who want to follow the same path in translation.

A. Conclusions

The research is conducted to find the acceptability of the bilingual plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum based on Larson’s theory. There are seven steps in

testing the translation, but since this research focuses on the acceptability, only three steps are taken. The results show that overall data have very good acceptability.

Ten analyzed plaques used in this research are located in Diorama I. The plaques are divided into five categories, i.e. excellent, very good, good, sufficient, and poor translation. In determining each category, the researcher is helped by the expert to make a scoring rubric and doing the triangulation.

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In the naturalness, the score domination is three which means that the translations focus on the idea. Messages are successfully conveyed yet they do not lose the original language. Then, three data get two for the score because some translations do not sound natural. On the contrary, only one gets perfect score for the naturalness. The translation shows that ideas are the main focus and it is translated in the natural form of the receptor language.

Lastly, in the clarity, six data get perfect score. In terms of grammar and information, the translations are considered very good because the data adds information which is not familiar for TL users. Three data get three for the score because some information is not well-preserved. Meanwhile, only one gets two for the score because the information is barely preserved.

From the results, overall data have very good acceptability. Most of them are in excellent and very good acceptability category and only one is in the sufficient acceptability category. Based on the results, the researcher suggests some improvement for the data.

B. Recommendations

This translation research is beneficial for some parties since it is a translation evaluation. The researcher gives some suggestions for the translator of the bilingual plaques in Fort Vredeburg Museum, Fort Vredeburg Museum management, English learners and lecturers, and future researchers.

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Museum. Firstly, the researcher points out about the translation procedure. Even though the translator is an expert in the translation field, mistakes can be made. The same thing should be done by the translator, to avoid mistakes, consultation is needed. The second suggestion is about the information carried out by the text. The translator needs to check the grammar and diction to avoid unnatural and unclear translation. The translator should pay attention to this aspect since the text information is important to avoid miscommunication. Lastly, the suggestion is about text details. Some details related to the punctuation and article, attention should be drawn to this point. Another concern is mistyping and writing style. Even though they seem not important, the translator should know that incorrect details can lead into a misleading translation. Since this research focuses on the bigger picture of the text, minor problems in text details are not discussed.