Peran Perbankan Syariah bagi Perekonomian

(1)

Peran Perbankan Syariah bagi

Perekonomian

Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia

Provinsi Jawa Timur

Oleh:

Laura Rulida Eka Sari Putri

Asisten Direktur

(2)

(3)

FONDASI PEMIKIRAN/KARAKTER KEUANGAN SYARIAH &

NATIONAL HERITAGE

FALAH

Adil Seimbang Maslahat

Kebersamaan (Ukhuwah)

Syariah Etika (Akhlak)

Ketuhanan YME (Tauhid)

National Heritage

Masyarakat berkeTuhanan YME

Adab dan Moral yang tinggi

Persatuan dan Gotong Royong

Musyawarah untuk mufakat

Kesejahteraan bersama

Islamic Economics Value

Karakter Dasar Keuangan Syariah

Aktivitas yg dilarang:

Riba (interest base

activities), Maysir (speculative motive), Gharar (unclear information), Hoarding (penimbunan) Objek Transaksi :

Halal dan thayyib : No Khamar, No Pornografi, No

Pencemaran Lingkungan

Aktivitas yg diperbolehkan :

Bagi Hasil, Jual Beli, Titipan dan Jasa, Sosial (ZISWAF)

• Etika, moral yg luhur & memenuhi prinsip syariah

• Good Governance

• Real Sector Development • Limitation of Bubble Ec. • Inclusion of the society in

the Ec. Growth

• Ek. Partisipatif

berlandaskan keadilan & kesetaraan

a.Akses sumber daya ek. Yg merata b.Dorongan

implementasi konsep PLS

c.Sinkronisasi sektor keuangan dan riil d.Prudential Practices e.SSK f. Shariah fulfillment Masyarakat Indonesia Sejahtera Pertumbuhan Ek. Stabil Pemerataan kesejahteraan Kelestarian/harm

oni alam & lingkungan

(4)

KARAKTERISTIK AKTIVITAS

EKONOMI-KEUANGAN ISLAM

Aktivitas keuangan yang dilarang:

• Riba (interest based activities)

• Maysir (speculative activities)

• Gharar (unclear information)

Aktivitas keuangan yang dibolehkan:

• Bagi Hasil

• Jual Beli

• Titipan dan Jasa

• Sosial (ZISWaf)

Objek transaksi halal dan thayyib:

• No khamr

• No pornografi

• No pencemaran lingkungan

Karakter Dasar

• No/less money creation

• No money whirlpool/money

concentration/bubble economy

• No ketimpangan sektor riil & keuangan

• Penuh mendukung sektor riil

• Transaksi berbasis bagi hasil berdasar

prinsip saling mengenal dan memahami

dapat menekan risiko moral hazard

• Mendorong keterlibatan ekonomi

golongan dhuafa

• No masalah sosial

• No perusakan alam & lingkungan

Implikasi Antara

• Stabilitas sistem keuangan

• Penciptaan lapangan kerja

• Pertumbuhan ekonomi

• Pengentasan kemiskinan

• Stabilitas sosial

• Kelestarian alam &

lingkungan

(5)

5

“The world

economy has

turned out to

be much more

dangerous

place than we

imagined-1999”-Paul

Krugman

Peraih Nobel di Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi

"ekonomi dunia

lebih digerakkan

oleh transaksi

finansial

ketimbang

transaksi riil

(1980)”-Peter

Drucker

Allan Greenspan

(1996)

menyebut

adanya

fenomena

irasionalisme

kolektif di pasar

modal yang ia

sebut “irrational

exuberance”

“Orang-orang yang memakan riba tidak dapat

berdiri melainkan seperti

berdirinya orang yang kemasukan syaitan

lantaran (tekanan) penyakit gila.”

(QS. Al-Baqarah : 275).

“…supaya harta itu jangan beredar di antara

orang-orang Kaya saja di antara kamu…”

(QS. Al Hasyr: 7)

(6)

PERJALANAN KEUANGAN ISLAM INDONESIA

Islamic

banking

Takaful

Money

Market

Sukuk

1980

1994 2000 2002

2004 2007 2009 2011

I F S A

1992 1999 2001

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Capital

Market

▪ Office Channeling

▪ iBanking Act

▪ 1

st

_{Islamic Branch Bank IFI Syh}

▪ 2

nd

_{Islamic Bank Bank Syh Mandiri}

▪ 1

st

_{Islamic Bank}

Bank Muamalat Ind

▪ 1

st

_{Takaful Company}

Asuransi Takaful Keluarga

▪ 1

st

_{Takaful Branch}

Assi Great Eastern

▪ Islamic Capital Market

Jakarta Islamic Index

▪ ICM Master Plan (2005)

▪ 1

st

_{Corporate Sukuk}

Indosat (Mudharabah)

▪ SBIS (Ju’alah)

▪ Central Bank Act

▪ SWBI (Wadi’ah)

Monetary

Management

▪ COOP Act

▪ MF Act

▪ BT Salman Bdg, Kop. Ridho Gusti Jkt.

▪ BT TAMZIS (Oldest)

▪ D. Ch

▪ Tax Neutrality

▪ 1

st

_{Islamic Re-insurance}

ReINDO

▪ Islamic Money Market

IMA Certificate (Mudharabah)

▪ JFX

▪ 1

st

_{Govt Sukuk-SBSN (Ijarah)}

▪ 1

st

Govt Retail Sukuk (Ijarah)

▪ 1

st

Govt Global Sukuk

▪ Sukuk Guidelines

▪ Govt. Islamic Bond (Sukuk) Act

▪ Reverse Repo SBSN

▪ BMT ItQan (iGrameen)

▪ BMT UGT (Biggest)

(7)

OTORITAS SISTEM KEUANGAN ISLAM

AUTHORITIES

Ministry of Cooperatives &

Small Medium Enterprises

National Amil Zakat Body

Capital Market

Insurance

Pension Funds

Finance

Companies

Cooperatives

Pawn Shop

Zakah Fund

Institution

Commercial

Banking

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Microfinance

Institution

(Microprudential functions)

Investment

Banking

(Macroprudential functions)

Indonesian Awqaf Body

Awqaf Fund

(8)

SISTEM KEUANGAN SYARIAH

Pancasila

sebagai

dasar negara

Maqasid syariah

sebagai national

heritage dengan

komponen nilai

yang sama

• Etika, moral yang luhur & memenuhi prinsip

syariah

• Good Governance

• Real Sector Development

• Limitation of Economic Bubble

• Inclusion of the society in the Economic Growth

• Ekonomi partisipatif berlandaskan keadilan &

kesetaraan

Quality in

Economic

Development

“… as an additional

formidable pillar in

sustaining national

economic development

…

(9)

SISTEM EKONOMI KEUANGAN ISLAM

Pasar Riil

D S U

S S U

Sektor Riil

Otoritas Keuangan

Pasar

Keuangan

Institusi Sosial

Z, If, Sh, Wq

Ms,r, Tx, Tr

LKS

Sektor Keuangan

Pasar Riil

D S U

S S U

Sektor Riil

Baitul Maal

Ms,Tx, Z, If, Sh, Wq

LKS

(10)

SISTEM KEUANGAN ISLAM

Indirect

Financial Market

Direct

Financial Market

Islamic

Bond Market

Islamic

Equity Market

Unit Trusts

Takaful

Forex Market

Pension Funds

Islamic

Financial Market

Deficit Sector

Surplus Sector

Islamic

Capital Market

Islamic

Money Market

Social

Sector

Pawn Shop

Microfinance

Investment

Bank

Commercial

Bank

Finance

Companies

(11)

DAMPAK PENGEMBANGAN KEUANGAN

SYARIAH

Perusahaan

Pembiayaan

Syariah

Reksadana

Syariah

Obligasi Syariah

Pasar Modal

Syariah

Voluntary Sector

(ZISWaf)

Bank Syariah

Asuransi Syariah

 Pertumbuhan

Ekonomi

 Pengentasan

Kemiskinan

 Penurunan

Pengangguran

 Stabilitas

Sistem Keuangan

Mendorong

Aktivitas

Sektor Riil

(12)

Islamic

Financial

Institutions

Surplus Spending Unit

Customers/Investors

Deficit Spending Unit

Entrepreneurs

Intermediary Agent

Capital Market

Forex Market

Insurance Pension Funds Finance Companies

Micro Finance Pawn Shop

Social

Social Sector Banking

(13)

OPERASI BANK SYARIAH

Giro &

Tabungan

Deposito

Pool

Dana

Trade

Financing

Investment

Financing

Bagi Hasil

Bonus

Bagi Hasil

Bank Islam

Fee Based

Margin/Mark-Up

Investor

Entrepreneur

Titipan

Investasi

Jual-Beli

Wadiah & Mudharabah Mudharabah Murabahah, Salam, Istishna & Ijarah

Mudharabah & Musyarakah Kafalah, Hiwalah, Wakalah, Rahn & Sharf

Financial Market

Poor People

Treasury

Social Fund

PASAR

SUKUK

SIMA

ZISWaf

(14)

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PEMICU KEUANGAN ISLAM

ISLAMIC

FINANCIAL

INSTITUTIONS

ISLAMIC

FINANCIAL

MARKETS

REAL SECTORS

FINANCIAL

REGULATORS (BI,

OJK, MOF, LPS)

Rp10 T of hajj funds per year: Rp5 T in SBSN

and Rp5 T in Islamic banks

Corporate Sukuk have been issued by Adira,

Indosat, Mayora, PLN, Pupuk Kaltim,

Matahari Putra Prima, PTPN VII, Adhi karya,

Bakrieland

Islamic banking Sukuk have been issued by

BMI, BPD Sulsel, Bank Nagari, Bukopin, BSM

Recommendation of the Working group on

NCD syaria

Repo SBSN and SBIS to BI

Islamic deposit guarantee is being

formulated in LPS

Planning to issue SBN: Rp1439 T (2014),

Rp1549 T (2015) and Rp1573 T (2016)

Fatwa DSN no 76 regarding Issuance of

Sukuk based projects

(15)

SWOT ANALYSIS: INDONESIA FINANCIAL MARKET

 Continuous growth of Islamic financial markets  12 BUS, 23 UUS and 163 IRB

 Islamic insurance, pawnshop, financing, etc.  Strong support from parent companies

 Moderate and under controlled liquidity pressures  Loyal depositors (insensitive with interest)

 Positive performance and resilience with the crisis  Focus on SMEs and retail (less risky)

 Liquidity facilities (Islamic repo to BI)

 Issuance of Corporate Sukuk (Islamic banks, State owned companies, state government, private, etc)

 Issuance of other Islamic securities besides Sukuk (NCD, dll)  Financing government projects (MP3EI) with Sukuk

 Issuance of project based Sukuk by the government  Enlarging potential issuers and instruments

 Excess liquidity in the conventional money markets  Involvement of conventional banks or state owned

enterprises as issuers or buyers of Sukuk

 Involvement of local government as issuers or buyers of Islamic securuties (Sukuk, etc)

 Growth of TPF tends to decrease  Improper business expansion planning  Sensitive with economic performance  Limited market share (+/- 5%)

 Limited business operations and banking models

 Limited Islamic money market instruments: SBIS, SBSN, SPNS, SIKA, SIMA

 Problems in HR and technology

 Limited underlying asset to issue Sukuk

 Foreign Islamic banks have long experiences in Islamic financial markets

 AEC will increase competition among Islamic institutions as well as financial markets

 Competition with conventional banks

 Multiple effects from Islamic money market activities  Indirect impact from interest rate movement in the

conventional banks

 Proposals of Islamic contracts which are not sharia compliant with fatwa DSN.

 Foreign Islamic banks with higher capital, advanced IT, more well-experienced HR

S

W

T

O

(16)

KONDISI SAAT INI (1)

3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00 Ja n-1 1 A pr -1 1 Ju l-1 1 O k t-1 1 Ja n-1 2 A pr -1 2 Ju l-1 2 O k t-1 2 Ja n-1 3 A pr -1 3 Ju l-1 3 O k t-1 3 Ja n-1 4 A pr -1 4 Ju l-1 4 O k t-1 4 Ja n-1 5

market share (actual)

5% Market share has not been met

Growth of Assets (yoy) is slowing

Infrastructures are stagnant

Cost of operations are high

(17)

KONDISI SAAT INI (2)

FDR>100%, High demand for financing

Growth of TPF (yoy) is slowing

Volume of SBIS > Volume of PUAS

Activities of money market is active

(18)

KONDISI SAAT INI (3)

Share of Sukuk is still limited

Portion of CB is higher in PUAS

Potential investors

_{Accounts of Potential Investors}

 Conv. Bank

 Islamic Bank

(19)

PERAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH

Review Jawa Timur

(20)

PERKEMBANGAN ASET PERBANKAN SYARIAH JAWA TIMUR

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O K T O BE R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 T ri ll io n s

Aset Perbankan Jawa Timur

2010-2015

Total Konvensional Syariah

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%50% 60%70% 80% JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O K T O BE R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R JANUAR I APR IL JU LI O KT O B E R 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Growth Aset Perbankan Jawa Timur

2010-2015

Market Share Syariah-Aset (%) Growth Total Growth Konvensional Growth Syariah

Rp0 Rp5 Rp10 Rp15 Rp20 Rp25 Rp30 JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE M B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S E PT E MBER NO VE M B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE M B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NOPEM B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% T ri ll io n s

Growth & Aset Perbankan Syariah Jawa Timur

(21)

PERKEMBANGAN DPK PERBANKAN SYARIAH JAWA TIMUR

Rp0 Rp50 Rp100 Rp150 Rp200Rp250 Rp300Rp350 Rp400Rp450 JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JA NUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% T ri ll io n s

DPK Perbankan Jawa Timur

Growth Total Growth Konvensional Growth Syariah Total Konvensional Syariah

Rp0 Rp5 Rp10 Rp15 Rp20 Rp25 JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE M B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE M B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% T ri ll io n s

(22)

PERKEMBANGAN PEMBIAYAAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH JAWA TIMUR

Rp0 Rp50 Rp100 Rp150 Rp200 Rp250 Rp300 Rp350 Rp400 JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JA NUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NOPEM B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% T ri ll io n s

Pembiayaan Perbankan Jawa Timur

Growth Total Growth Konvensional Growth Syariah Total Konvensional Syariah

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Rp0 Rp5 Rp10 Rp15 Rp20 Rp25 JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO VE MB E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R JANUAR I MAR ET ME I JU LI S EPT E MB ER NO PEM B E R 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 T ri ll io n s

Growth & Pembiayaan Perbankan Jawa Timur

(23)

JUMLAH REKENING PERBANKAN

0 100.000 200.000 300.000 400.000 500.000 600.000 0,00% 2,00% 4,00% 6,00% 8,00% 10,00% 12,00% 14,00% 16,00% 18,00% JA N U AR I MA R ET MEI _JULI S EP TE MBER N OV EMBER JA N U AR I MA R ET MEI _JULI S EP TE MBER N OV EMBER JA N U AR I MA R ET MEI _JULI S EP TE MBER N OV EMBER JA N U AR I MA R ET MEI _JULI S EP TE MBER N OV EMBER JA N U AR I MA R ET MEI _JULI S EP TE MBER N OV EMBER JA N U AR I MA R ET MEI _JULI S EP TE MBER N OP EMBER 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Pembiayaan-Jumlah Rekening Syariah

Market Share Syariah Jumlah Rekening Pembiayaan Syariah

478.798 SYARIAH

2.980.580 KONVENSIONAL

3.459.378 TOTAL REKENING JATIM

0 500.000 1.000.000 1.500.000 2.000.000 2.500.000 3.000.000 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% JAN U AR I MAR ET ME I JU LI SE PT EM BE R N OVE MB ER JAN U AR I MAR ET ME I JU LI SE PT EM BE R N OVE MB ER JAN U AR I MAR ET ME I JU LI SE PT EM BE R N OVE MB ER JAN U AR I MA R ET ME I JU LI SE PT EM BE R N OVE MB ER JAN U AR I MAR ET ME I JU LI SE PT EM BE R N OVE MB ER JAN U AR I MAR ET ME I JU LI SE PT EM BE R N OPE MBE R 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DPK-Jumlah Rekening Syariah

(24)

FDR PERBANKAN JAWA TIMUR

72,72% 76,35% 82,84% 91,03% 90,20% _88,83% 97,17% _95,73% 96,72% 87,93% 99,23% 104,16% 72,04% 75,61% 82,22% 91,20% _89,72% 88,08% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

FDR Perbankan Jawa Timur

FDR TOTAL FDR SYARIAH FDR KONVENSIONA:

(25)

PERAN PEMBIAYAAN UMKM JAWA TIMUR

• Sektor ekonomi Provinsi

Jawa Timur didominasi

oleh sektor

UMKM

,

memberikan kontribusi

hingga

54,98% terhadap

PDRB

setara Rp

600 T.

• Ini berarti lebih setengah

gerak perekonomian

Jawa Timur ditopang

sektor UMKM.

• Perbankan syariah

lebih

Pro UMKM

dengan prosentase

rekening pembiayaan

UMKM yang mencapai

83%

.

Non UMKM 17% UMKM 83% Non UMKM 48% UMKM 52%

Share Rekening

UMKM

(26)

Total Pembiayaan Jawa

Timur

Rp 20.575.900.786.840

Jumlah Rekening

Pembiayaan

478.798 Rata-rata Nilai per

Rekening Pembiayaan

Rp 42.974.074/rk

Total Kredit Jawa Timur

Rp 354.877.489.533.236

Jumlah Rekening Kredit

2.980.580 Rata-rata Nilai per

Rekening Kredit

Rp 119.063.232/rk

14%

86%

5,5%

94,5%

Besarnya rata-rata nilai per rekening pembiayaan syariah lebih kecil dari

rata-rata nilai per rekening kredit konvensional

(27)

PENGGUNAAN

PEMBIAYAAN

BANK

SYARIAH

-0,2 0,3 0,8 1,3 1,8 2,3

OKT NOV DES 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Growth Pembiayaan Berdasarkan

Penggunaan

MODAL KERJA INVESTASI KONSUMSI

Penggunaan Modal Kerja

Didominasi 4 Sektor

Perdagangan

25% ↔ Rp 2,3 Triliun

Industri Pengolahan

20% ↔ Rp 1,8 Triliun

Perantara Keuangan

19% ↔ Rp 1,7 Triliun

Konstruksi

12% ↔ Rp 1 Triliun

MODAL

44%

INVESTASI

20%

KONSUMSI

36%

(28)

PERAN PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH TERHADAP PDRB JAWA

TIMUR

PDRB

Jatim

Loan to GRDP Syariah

1,58%

Loan to GRDP

Konven

27,3%

(29)

PEN

YAL

UR

AN

PEMBIA

YAA

N

SEK

T

OR

AL

-PERB

ANK

AN

SY

AR

IAH

Pembiayaan

Perbankan

Syariah

Pertanian

1,49%

Industri

Pengolahan

14,43%

Konstruksi

6,68%

Perdagangan

14,5%

Perantara

Keuangan

8,69%

8 Sektor lain

55,36%

Pembiayaan

Perbankan

Konvensional

8 Sektor lain

32,93%

Pertanian

2,67%

Industri

Pengolahan

31,20%

Konstruksi

3,14%

Perdagangan

27,28%

Transportasi

2,79%

Kredit Bukan

Lapangan

Usaha

25,5%

Kredit Bukan

Lapangan

Usaha

36,46%

(30)

PENGGUNAAN PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH

Pembiayaan Syariah Spasial

(juta Rupiah)

Kab./ Kota

Modal

Kerja

Investasi

Konsumsi

Total

Pembiayaan/ PDRB*

Jawa Timur

8.976.298

4.097.412

7.502.190

20.575.900 1,58%

Surabaya

5.656.744

3.241.713

4.479.566

13.378.023 4,26%

Kota Malang

1.050.579

164.853

1.484.607

2.700.039 2,40%

Sidoarjo

1.050.385

217.625

224.627

1.492.637 3,43%

Kediri

382.924

210.128

508.694

1.101.746 2,75%

Jember

170.665

110.510

384.849

666.023 2,78%

*Rasio pembiayaan/PDRB per wilayah

Kelima kota dengan pembiayaan terbesar di

Jawa Timur tersebut, dalam konteks jumlah

PDRB regional, berperan dalam membangun

PDRB Jawa Timur sebesar 40,1%.

Total porsi pembiayaan perbankan syariah

untuk kelima kota tersebut mencapai

93,99%.

Pembiayaan perbankan syariah belum menjangkau kota/kabupaten di Jawa Timur

secara merata