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THE USE OF MODALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF

ACADEMIC INTERACTIONS

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Department of State University of Medan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree Of Sarjana Sastra

BY :

LITA ARABIA JT PANJAITAN

Reg. No. 2102220010

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the greatest thanks to almighty God in heaven for His

opportunity, blessings and health given to her which enable her to completed this

thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra at

English and Literature Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, State

University of Medan.

This thesis could have not been accomplished without guidances,

comments, suggestions, and support from several people, for which the writer

would like to extend her sincere and special thanks to:

Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., as the Rector of State University

of Medan.

Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum as the Dean of Faculty of Language and

Arts, Vice Dean I, Vice Dean II, Vice Dean III, and all the Administrative

Staff.

Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd as the Head of English and Literature

Department and Rika, S.Pd.,M.Hum, the Secretary of English and

Literature Department.

Dra. Meisuri, M.A. as the Head of Literature Prody of English

Department, and Her Thesis Supervisor, Dra. Masitowarni Siregar,

M.Ed as the head of English Education and also Ma’am Eis for all

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All the lectures of English Department and the whole Staff of Faculty

of Languages and Arts State University of Medan who have helped and

guided her during her study.

Her beloved parents Jonter Panjaitan and Riamaida Sagala for their

encouragement, prayers, and their deepest love.

Government for Bidik Misi’s program by giving the finance during study.

Her lovely sisters ever Lisna Eka Noverinda Panjaitan and Nurhadi

Sirait, Lisbet Dwi Peronika Panjaitan, and Ernita Panjaitan, her

beloved brother Romual Panjaitan. And also her niece and nephew

Rezky, Samuel, and Carlies Veodora.

Her cell group SECD (Lestari, Pinta, Marini, Nelly and Novita) for the

deepest love of them and for her unforgettable sister Riahmawani Purba

thanks for patient, attention and pray, and her closed friends Marini, Eva

Meliana and Penni Uli for supporting, togetherness, and best moment

during study.

For those who are her friends in English Literature 2010, and Partners

in BT-BS Medica the greatest thanks to all of them for their motivation

and supports each other that can not be mentioned one by one. Love you

all.

Medan, July 2014 The Writer

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ABSTRACT

Panjaitan, Lita Arabia JT. NIM 2102220010. The Use of Modality in the Context of Academic Interactions. Thesis. English Department.Faculty of Language and Arts. State University of Medan. 2014

The study deals with the kinds of modality used in the context of academic interactions. The objectives of the study to discover the dominant modality, to imply for the dominant use of modality in the context of academic interactions. The data were the transcript of interactions between university students and their lecturer in the classroom, talking by phone, and using short message service which were gotten from the recordings. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The findings showed that there were 85 utterances which contained 4 types of modality, the obligation (49,41%) , the inclination(30,58%) , the probability (17,64%) for the probability, and the usuality (2,35%) . The percentage shows that obligation of modality was the most dominant type used in the context of academic interactions.

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Theoretical Framework ... 8

7. Communication: Face to Face, talking in Phone and short Message ... 23

8. Student’s University ... 25

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design ... 27

B. Source of Data ... 27

C. Technique of Collecting Data ... 28

D. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 29

CHAPTER IV DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS A. Data ... 30

B. Data Analysis ... 30

C. Research Findings ... 34

D. Discussions ... 34

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions ... 37

B. Suggestions ... 37

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1. The Frequency of Occurrences for Probability ... 31

Table 4.2. The Frequency of Occurrences for Usuality ... 31

Table 4.3. The Frequency of Occurrences for Obligation ... 32

Table 4.4. The Frequency of Occurrences for Inclination ... 33

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 The interpretation and the Classification of Modality

in the classroom (Face to Face) ... 41 Appendix 2 The interpretation and the Classification of Modality

in the Short message ... 65 Appendix 3 The interpretation and the Classification of Modality

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message, and talking in phone, it can be concluded that there are four types

of modality used in that medias, namely: probability, usuality, obligation,

and inclination.

2. The most dominant type of modality in the context of academic

interactions was modality of obligation (49,41%) and the most dominant

type of modality in obligation was “can” with 33 occurrences.

3. This research gave the implication to the students especially who has study

in the university in the English department, because this research consisted

with the subject of Functional Grammar about Modality which is used by

people in their language when they are doing interactions to show the

respect to the other people and also give the good learning about the

subject of Modality.

B. Suggestions

From the conclusions given, the following suggestion are needed, the

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1. For the readers, is needed to learn more about modality, so they can

apply the modality when they are doing conversation to the other to

show the good respect or politeness.

2. For the students, especially English Department who take Functional

grammar, it suggested to learn more how to apply modality in order to

distinguish the four types of modality easily and simply.

3. For the other researchers, these findings can be applied by other

researchers to conduct the research about modality in other field of

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Gil- Salom, Luz, and Soler, Carmen. 2009. Interacting with the Reader: Politeness Strategies in Engineering. Research Article Discussions. pp 89-175.

Hickey, Leo. 2001. The Pragmatics of Translation. China: Sanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

Holmes, Janet. 1990. An introduction to sociolinguistic. New Zealand: Wellington.

Hengeveld, Kees.2008. Journal of Semantic. Illocution, Mood, and Modality in a

Functional Grammar. Vol 6 pp 227-269

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_language/ December 27th 2013/ 16:32:05

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletalking in phone/ December 27th 2013/ 11:03:53

http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-face-to-face-communication/ December 27th 2013/ 08:25:19

Inchaurrald B., Carlos. 2001. Modal and Modality in English. Francis: University of Zagaroza.

Intachakra, Songthama. 2004. Contrastive Pragmatics and Language Teaching:

Apologies and Thanks in English and Thai. Vol 35 (1) pp 37-62.

Ogiermann, Eva.2009. On Apologising in Negative and Positive Politeness

Cultures. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Rahadi, Kunjana. 2005. Pragmatik: Kesantuan Imperatif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.

Rahmah. 2012. Functional Grammar. Medan: Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Medan, UNIMED.

Sandu, Rajwanti, and Dyson, Benjamin. 2013. Modality and Task Switching

Interactions using Bi-Modal and Bivalent Stimuli. Vol 82(1) pp90-99.

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Thomson, A.J. Martinet, A.V. 1985. A Practical English Grammar. London: Oxford University Press

Gambar

Table 4.1.  The Frequency of Occurrences for Probability ............................

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