THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH WORDS BY HOKKIEN CHILDREN : A CASE STUDY AT PRIME ONE SCHOOL.

(1)

ABSTRACT

Sioaga, Juoila Elida. The Acquisition of English Words By HoWen Children: A Case Study at Prime One School. Thesis, English Applied Lingusitics, Post Graduate Program,

State

of

University of Medon, 2010.

This research deals with The Acquisition of English Words by Hoklden Children at Prime One School. However, the acquisition in this study is not to be differentiated with language learning as the focus of this study is to describe English words productions by the subjects are to be observed in terms of the m.unber of grammatical words (closed word class). and lexical words (open word class). This research will try to answer whether Hokkien Children at the age of five can gain many vocabularies of English as resean:bed by Jackson. In particular, this research will try to answer the following problems: (1) What are lexical words of English acquired by Hokkien speaking children at the age of five? (2) What are grammatical words of English acquired by Hokkien speaking children at the age of five? (3) How do Hokkien speaking children at the age of five produce the English lexical and grammatical words? And (4) What is the dominant type of word that produced by Hookien speaking children at the age of five?

(2)

THE ACQUISITION OF EN(:;LISH WORDS BY HOKKIEN C HI LDREN:

z

·~

m

A CASE STUDY AT PRIME ONE SCHOOL

By:

JUNITA ELIDA SINAGA

Registration Number: 082188330040

Submitted to the Jl:nglish Applied Linguistics Study Program

In Partial Fulfillment ofthe Ret}uinrnents for the Deg ee

f

Magister Hmrmwiora

PLIED LINGUISTIGS

STUDY

PROGRAM

POSTG RADUATE SCHOOL

(3)

A THESIS

THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH WORDS BY HOKKIEN CHILDREN:

A CASE STUDY AT PRIME ONE SCHOOL

BY

JUNITA ELIDA SINAGA

Registration Number: 082188330040

This thesis was examined on September 2"d, 2010 by the Boa

tl

of Examiners

Approved by

Adviser Commissions

First Adviser

Second Adviser

Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd.

(4)

APPROVAL

This Thesis was examined on September 2nd, 2010 by Board of Examiners

Board of Examiners

Prof. Dr. Linee Sihombing, M.Pd.

NIP. 1961.0425 198601 2 001

Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed., TESP.

NIP. 195704121984031 001

Prof. D. P. Tampubolon, Ph. D.

Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D.

NIP. 19440302 196902 2 001

(5)

Advisers' Statement

I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion it is fully adequate in

scope and quality as a Thesis for the Degree of Magister Humaniora.

Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd

First Adviser

I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion it is fully adequate in

scope and quality as a Thesis for the Degree of Magister Humaniora.

(6)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise to God Almighty, the Merciful and the Most Beneficial.

Now that this thesis is finally written in order to achieve the degree of Magister

Humaniora of the English Applied Linguistics Study Program at State University of

Medan. The researcher would like to extend her indebtedness to a number of people,

without whom the completion of this work has

been

impossible.

Firstly,

Prof. Dr.

Lince Sihombing, M. Pd., and Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed TESP., as the first and second advisers, for their guidance, encouragement, kindness, and advise that

have greatly improved her rough draft.

Secondly, Prof.

Dr.

Busmin Gurning, M. Pd., as the Head of English Applied.-_,._. Linguistics of the Postgraduate Program for his support, help, advice in finishing this

work. Her sincere thankfulness is given to all lecturers: Prof. D. P. Tampubolon, Ph. D.,

Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M. Pd., and Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, MA, Ph. D., as her

reviewers and examiners, tutors of English Applied Linguistics Department for

transferring their precious knowledge and experience. Her indebtedness is also given to

all staff of Postgraduate Program at the State University of Medan for their kind service

during her study.

Finally, her deepest appreciation goes out to those closest to her heart, beloved parents: D. Sinaga and R. E. Lumban Gaol. BA., brothers: Denny Julianto Magelhanes

Sinaga and wife Santy lin Maria Br. Siagian; Eko Augustinus Sinaga, STand one tha is

(7)

Last but not least, her humble gratitude also goes to the Chief of Prime One

School Fowtdation: Mr. Amrin Susilo Halim and Mam Yanti; Centre Director of Prime

One School: Ms. Fauziah Chairani Halim Lubis, SS, M.Hum; the Principle and

Vice-Principle of Pre-School Department of Prime One School: Ms. Rosmina Salim, BBA and

Ms. Susan Purba, SS. Moreover her appreciation is given to Principle of Elementary

Department of Prime One School: Ms. Meliana, SE; Vice-Principles of Elementary

Department of Prime One School: Ms. Rofina Robin and Ms. Wini, and all staff and

teacher of Prime One School for their time, good cooperation and kindness during

collecting the data. A sincere thankfulness also goes to her great and lovely St ents (Kindcigarten 2 - Whale and Elementary I - Mississippi) for their mental support and . comfortable friendship.

The writer must admit that the content of this thesis is still far from being perfect.

but she warmly welcome any constructive ideas and critics that will improved the quality

of the thesis. She also hoped this thesis would be useful for those who read it, especially

majoring in English.

z

?

ii

Medan, September 20011 , 2010

The Writer,

Junita Elida Sinaga

(8)

4.4.4Tbe Dominaat Type

of Words...

76

4.3 The Findings •.••••••.••••••••••••••••••••.••••..•..•.•••••• -... 79 4.4 Discussions •• •• • ••••..•.•••••.••...•. ••••• .• ••. ••••••••..••. .. • 81 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion ••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•.•.••.•.•..•.•••••••••.• 5.2 Suggestion ••••.••..••.•.•••••..•..•• ~ ••••••.••.•..•••..•••.•••• REFERENCES ...•.•.•..•.•....•..•..•...•...•.•...•..•.•...•...•...•

APPENDIX

(10)

LIST OFT ABLES

Table Page

Table I All Lexical Words 53 Table 2 All Grammatical Words Uttered by Subjects

75

Table 3 Numbers ofLexical Words

of

English

Uttered by All Subjects in each place ...•.. . .. . ... Table 4 Number

of

Grammatical Words

of

English

Uttered by All Subjects in each place . . . .. 77 Table 5 Acquired Lexical and Grammatical Words

of

English

Uttered by Children at the age offive at Prime One School . . . .. 78

>

(11)

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix

Page

I

Subjects .. . . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. ••. . . .. . . ... . 88

(12)

(13)

CHAPTERV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

To conclUde the observation that has been conducted on the study, the researcher

has come to the following conclusions:

There are 432 English lexical words that produced by all subjects. Adrian Arif ljuarsa has produced 120 English grammatical words (32.14%) rathef than the

other subjects. He was followed by Vanness Wartono with 114 English

grammatical words (28.40"/o). Than, Angellyn Khosashi with 109

grammatical words (20.71%) and last is Nathania Yossel

English grammatical words (1929%).

2. There are 69 English grammatical words that produced by all subjects. Adrian

Arif Tjuarsa has produced 21 English lexical words (26.87%) rather than the

other subjects. -He was followed by Angellyn Khosashi with 18

grammatical words (25.83%). Than, Vanness Wartono with 16

grammatical words (23.83%) and last is Nathania Yossel who acquired I

English grammatical words (23.45%).

lbe total number of both grammatical and lexical words which have been

acquired by the subjects is 501. These words contained most based o what

Jackson (2008) have said in previous chapter. The words included the repetition

words. It could be produced by other subjects in different occasion.

4 To sum up the dominant type of English words that have been produced by all

(14)

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

In view of the research conducted on the English acquisition by Hokkien native

children at the age of five years, the following suggestions are put forward.

I. This research should be followed up in the same way to Indonesian speaking children at the other age such as 6,7,8 or other aged so that from the studies we

can fiiid out more insights such as how many words an Hokkien speaking

children can aequire at certain age and cenain period of English learning or exposures.

2. This study is just a small research, and the results might be different if conducted to other subjects in other area. Therefore, a more profound esearch can be undertaken to enrich the fuels about language acquisition among Hokkien children.

~

§!

3.

:.~::::m:::l:

::~:-_.:

00

_.::,

; . . : : : :

~

influence children ability to produce words and speech. This is anticipation for

some parents who worried about their children.

z

?

(15)

REFERENCES

Bogdan, C. Robert, and Bik1en Sari Knopp. 1992. Qualitative Research for Education. An Introduction to Theory and Methods.

r

Edition. Washington: Simon & Schuster.

Block, David. 2003. The Social Tum in Second Language Acquisition.George Square, Edinburgh: Edin~ University press.

Clark, V. Eve. 2003. First Language Acquisition. Cambridge:Cambridge University

Press.

~Vivian. 1995. LinguiStics And Second Language Acquisition: Modern

London: Mac-million Press.

Dana. Leo. Paul. 20 I 0. Handbook of Research of Ethnic Minority. Oxfi

University Press.

Denson, Carrel. et al. 1994. Maternal-fetal Medicine:Perspective. Utah: Elsevier-Sciences.

Echols, John. 2004. Encyclopedia of diasporas: immigrant and refugee cultures aroUiid the world. England: Springer.

Fasold, W. Ralph. 1990. The Sociolinguistics of Language. UK: Basil Backwell. Fishman. A. Joshua. 1972. The Rise and Fall of the Ethnic Revival Perspective on

Language and Ethnicity. Berlin: Druckerei Hildebrand.

Goode and William, Hatt. 1982. A Critical Introduction to Its Methods. London: Yale University Press.

Goodluck, Helen. 1996. Language Acquisition: A

Blackwell

Hymes, DelL 1985. Foundations in Sociolinguistics:

Philadelphia: University ofPennsy1vania Press.

Jackson, Howard. 2000. Words Meaning and Vocabulary. An Introduction to Modem

m

Lexicology. London: Cardiff University.

( X )Krashen, S. 1990. Principles and Practice in Secnnd Language Acquisition.

Pergamon.

(16)

-

z

?

Menyuk, Paula. 1999. The Acquisition and Development of Language. Massachusetts: Prentice-Hall.

Miharja, Sumi. 2010. Hokkien Language in Indonesia. Medan: USU Press.

Miles, Matthew B. and Huberman Michael A. 1984. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS. A sourcebook of New Methods. California: Sage Publication.

Morgan, D. L. 1988. Focus G"oup as Qualitative Research. California: Sage.

Papalia, Diane E:; and Olds, Sally Wendkos. 1975. A Child's Wor-ld: Infancy Through AdOlescence. New Y orlc: Pergamon press.

Riche, M. Edward. 2010. Snake Fish: The Chi Mak Spy Ring.Graveville: Panara Publishers.

Romaine, Suzanne. 2000. Language In Society: An lnJroduction to Sociolinguistics.

:fil

Edition. New York: Oxford University press.

SMilgtmessy, J. J., and Zechmeister, Eugene. D. 1994. Data Analysis and Interpretation in the Behavioral &iences. Michigan: Thomson/wordsworth.

Smith, Karmiloff, Annette. 1999. A Functional Approach To Child Language: A Study of. Determiners and Reforence. London: Cambridge University Press.

Tan, Dun. 2003. Rough Guide to China. England: Rough Guides. Wahid, Abdurrahman. 2003. Membongkar Nalar Sosia/, Budaya,

NTB: lnstitut Studi Krisis dan Perdamaian NTB. Webster, Meriam. 2000. Meriam Webster CoUegiate

Massachusetts, U.S.A.

(17)

THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH WORDS BY HOKKIEN CHILDREN : A CASE STUDY AT PRIME ONE SCHOOL.

ABSTRACT

THE ACQUISITION OF EN(:;LISH WORDS BY HOKKIEN C HI LDREN:

POSTG RADUATE SCHOOL

Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd.

scope and quality as a Thesis for the Degree of Magister Humaniora.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Prof. Dr.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.4.4Tbe Dominaat Type

LIST OF APPENDICES

CHAPTERV

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

REFERENCES