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INCOTERMS
Masitoh Indriani Departemen Hukum Internasional FH Universitas Airlangga
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Contents
Definisi
1
Sejarah dan Perkembangan
2
Jenis-jenis Incoterms
3
Tugas?
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Definisi INCOTERMS
v INCOTERMS à International
Commercial Terms
v Incoterms à terminologi pengiriman barang ekspor impor yang
diformulasikan secara khusus oleh ICC (Int’l Chamber of Commerce)
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Please consider à
CISG Chapter II (obligation of the seller)
Article 30 – 44
Article 30 à “the seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating
to them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this
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Inti dari pengaturan INCOTERMSà Transfer of
v the tasks and responsibilities of buyer and seller
v the allocation of delivery costs
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INCOTERMS do:
v Membagi tugas, resiko dan biaya2 yang timbul diantara exportir-importir
v Mengurangi potensi sengketa diantara exportir-importir
v INCOTERMS perlu ditentukan dalam kontrak penjualan
v Diluar lingkup INCOTERMS, harus dibahas secara detail hal- hal lain didalam kontrak penjualan
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INCOTERM don’t:
v Merepresentasikan judul dari perjanjian eksportir-importir
v Tidak membahas keseluruah kewajiban
eksportir-importir didalam perjanjian/kontrak
v Tidak berlaku secara otomatis à harus secara jelas disebutkan didalam perjanjian
v Tidak membahas tentang pembayaran yang
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Sejarah & perkembangan INCOTERMS
INCOTERMS 1936
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
INCOTERMS 2000
INCOTERMS 2010
Enter into force on 1 January 2011
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v Harus dianggap sebagai ‘Rules’ diantara para pihak (exportir-importir)
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v Seller = Shipper = Exporter
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Jenis-jenis INCOTERMS:
v INCOTERMS 2000
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INCOTERMS 2000
v 13 jenis/istilah
v Klasifikasi:
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Berdasarkan Moda Transportasi 1. Transportasi Darat
- DAF (Delivered at Frontier)
2. Transportasi Air
- FAS (Free Alongside Ship) - FOB (Free on Board)
- CFR (Cost and Freight)
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- DES (Delivered Ex Ship)
- DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)
3. Moda Transportasi jenis apapun: - EXW (Ex-Work)
- FCA (Free Carrier)
- CPT (Carriage Paid To)
- CIP (Carriage &Insurance Paid To)
- DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)
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Contoh:
penggunaan INCOTERMS 2000:
v FCA Jakarta INCOTERMS 2000
v FOB Liverpool INCOTERMS 2000
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1. Rules for any Mode of Transport
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EX WORKS
v Abbreviation: EXW
v Transport mode: all
v Minimum requirements for the seller
v Seller’s cost and risk end when seller places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at sellers
premises or another named place
v Loading is buyer’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage is buyer’s responsibility
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Notes:
v Pre-Carriage – The movement that
happens BEFORE the container is loaded on the ship
v (main) Carriage - The movement that happens while the container is ON
BOARD the shipà Bill of Lading
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FREE CARRIER…NAMED PLACE (usually the seller’s Premises or a buyer appointed
carrier terminal on the seller’s side)
v Abbreviation: FCA
v Transport Mode: All
v Loading: truck, train, barge at Seller’s facility is seller’s responsibility
v Pre- carriage is seller’s responsibility
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FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP… NAMED PORT OF SHIPMENT
v Abbreviation: FAS
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train , barge, etc. at Seller’s facility is seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Seller’s cost and risk end when goods are placed alongside the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment
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FREE ON BOARD… NAMED PORT OF SHIPMENT
v Abbreviation: FOB
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train, barge, etc. at Seller’s facility is the Seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Vessel loading: Seller’s responsibility
v Seller’s cost and risk end when the goods are delivered on board the vessel nominated by the buyer
v Suggestion: For containerized shipments, consider FCA showing the carrier’s terminal at the port as the
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COST AND FREIGHT… NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CFR
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train, barge, etc. at Seller’s facility is the Seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Vessel loading: Seller’s responsibility
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v Seller’s risks for loss and damage end
when the goods are on board the vessel
v The Seller must contract and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination
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COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT…NAMED PORT OF
DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CIF
v Transport Mode: Vessel
v Loading: truck, train, barge, etc. at Seller’s facility is the Seller’s responsibility
v Pre carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Vessel loading: Seller’s responsibility
v The seller’s risks of damage or loss end when goods are on board the vessel
v The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of
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v Insurance: Seller must effect an insurance policy on behalf of the buyer
v Main carriage: the contract of main carriage and payment are the seller’s responsibility
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CARRIAGE PAID TO… NAMED PLACE OF DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CPT
v Transport mode: All
v Loading: Seller’s responsibility
v Pre carriage: Seller’s responsibility
v Main carriage: Seller’s responsibility
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v Suggestions: Ideal for containerized shipments
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CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO… NAMED PLACE OF DESTINATION
v Abbreviation: CIP
v Transport Mode: All
v Loading: truck, train, barge at Seller’s facility is Seller’s responsibility
v Pre-carriage: Seller’s responsibility
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v Seller’s risk ends when goods are
delivered to the carrier or another person
nominated by the seller at an agreed place
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DELIVERED AT TERMINAL (terminal on Buyer’s side)
v Abbreviation: DAT
v Transport mode: all
v Seller’s risks end once goods are unloaded from the
arriving means of transport and placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at port or place of
destination
v The Seller must contract for the costs of carriage to the named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination
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DELIVERED AT PLACE ( on Buyer’s side)
v Abbreviation: DAP
v Transport mode: all
v The seller’s risks end when goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of
transport ready for unloading
v The Seller bears the costs for the carriage of the goods to the named place of destination or the agreed place
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DELIVER DUTY PAID… NAMED PLACE (on Buyer’s
side)
v Abbreviation: DDP
v Transport mode: All
v The Seller bears
a. all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and
b. has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import,
c. has to pay any duty for both export and import and d. Has to carry out all customs formalities
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