Pembahasan Soal TOEFL Bagian

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PEMBAHASAN SOAL TOEFL BAGIAN

“STRUCTUR AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION”

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Kelompok soal Structure pada TOEFL biasa terdiri atas dua

bentuk soal yaitu menyempurnakan kalimat dan

menunjukan bagian kalimat yang salah.

a. Bagian melengkapi kalimat : a. Bagian melengkapi kalimat :



1. P

1. Peringkat per

eringkat pertama (paling t

tama (paling tinggi frekuensinya) adalah

inggi frekuensinya) adalah

penggunaan kata kerja (verb), contohnya :

In 1776, when the Declaration of Independence …, the

United States became a new country.

((A

A)

)

SSiinnggeedd

((C

C)

)

W

Waas

s

ssiiggnneedd

((B

B)

) T

Thhaat

t ssiiggnneedd

((D

D)

) T

Thhaat

t iit

t ssiiggnneedd

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

2. Peringkat berikut nya adalah urutan kata

(w

(word o

ord order). Contohnya :

rder). Contohnya :

The union won benefits….

(A)

(A) The

The member

memberss

(B) for its members

(C) its members for

(D) members for its

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

3. Pokok kalimat dan predikat (subject+verb)

misalnya :

In 1970 B.C….the most col

In 1970 B.C….the most collection of

lection of early la

early laws.

ws.

(A) then Hammurabi wrote

(B) Hammurabi wrote

(C) Hammurabi’s wrote

(D) Hammurabi, who wrote

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4. Kata yang mulai dengan “wh

4. Kata yang mulai dengan “wh--” dan “h

” dan “how”,

ow”,

tetapi tidak digunakan sebagai kata tanya. Contoh

soal : ….he got home last night

soal : ….he got home last night is still a

is still a m

mystery

ystery

to me.

(A) How

(B) Although

(C) While

(D) Since

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5. Frasa preposisi (preposotional phrase).

Misalnya :

New York is a major center….

(A) at bank

(B) of bank

(C) of banking

(D) to banking

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

6. Struktur parallel (parallel construction).

Misalnya :

Sleeping,resting,…. are the best ways to care for

a cold.

(A) and that drinking fluids

(C) which drank fluids

(B) and drinking fluids

(D) and one drink fluids

Jawaban : B

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7.

Bentuk infinitive, grund, dan participle. Contoh

soal :

Impressionist artists tended….imagination and

light more important than faithful reproduction

of objects.

(A) considering

(B) be consider

(C) consider to

(D) to consider

Jawaban : D

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8. Frasa adjektif dan adverb (adjective or adverb

phrase). Misalnya :

A ray swims rapidly … broad wing like

appendages.

(A) by flapping its

(B) its flapping

(C) of the flapping

(D) the palp

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

9. Perbandingan (comparison). Contoh soal :

The greater…. increase in population, the harder

it is for people to find adequate housing.

(A) of

(B) is the

(C) the

(D) is of the

Jawaban : C

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10. Kata penghubung (conjunction). Contoh :

….nor animals can survive without oxygen.

(A) Plants can neither

(B) Neither can plants

(C) Plants, neither

(D) Neither plants

Jawaban : D

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11. Kata dengan (preposition). Misalnya :

Excessive absenteeism result … problems for the

schools.

(A) in

(B) with

(C) for

(D) to

Jawaban : A

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12. Klausan adjektif atau klausa adverbia

(adjective or adverb clause). Contoh :

…. left Europe in 1492, he was unaware of the

changes that would accur as a result of his voyage.

(A) From Columbus

(B) Because Columbus was

(C) That Columbus was

(D) When Columbus

Jawaban : D

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14. Frasa Subjek atau kata benda (subject/noun phrase). Misalnya :

….AIDS has engaged may researches in the last decade.

(A) By studying (C) Important study

(B) The study of (D) Now that the study

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15. Penggunaan kata “there”. Misalnya :

… during past centuries when people have come to the west

seeking gold

(A) Times (C) There have been times (B) Throughout times (D) Times have been

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16. Tingkat paling (superlative). Contohnya:

Of all the national parks in the United States, Yellowstone

is….visited.

(A) one of the most (C) one most

(B) of the most (D) the most one Jawaban : A

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17. Sebab akibat (cause and result). Misalnya :

Radio communication has changed…. the rapid development of

other cmmunication media, such as television.

(A) because its (C) because of (B) is it because (D) is because its

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18. Tujuan dan alasan (purpose and reason). Misalnya : The day was… that people went to the beach.

(A) such hot (C) very hot

(B) so hot (D) hot

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19. Kata sifat (adjective). Contoh soal :

….felt hat is one of the symbols of a cowboy.

(A) A broad-brimmed (C) The brimm which is broad

(B) Broad (D) Broad brim

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20. Kalimat pengandaian (condional and contrary to fact).

Contoh :

…. the ozone layer were destroyed, most living things would disappear from the Earth

in a few years.

(A) Besides (C) So

(B) If (D) For

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21. Kata “like” dan “unlike”. Contoh soal :

…. publich schools, private schools charge tuition.

(A) Do not like (C) Dislike

(B) No likeness to (D) Unlike

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22. kata “no”,”not”, dan “none”. Misalnya : …two fingerprints are identical.

(A) Nor (C) No

(B) none (D) Not

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23. Kata ganti tak tentu (indefinite pronoun). Misalnya : Silver nitrate dyes…, it touches black.

(A) somehow (C) them

(B) there (D) everything

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24. Benda yang dapat di hitung dan tak dapat dihitung

(countable and non-countable). Misalnya :

….of buying and selling occurs internationally.

(A) A great deal (C) Much greater (B) A great many (D) Many

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b. Menunjukkan bagian yang salah

dalam kalimat (error identification) :

 1. Peringkat tebanyak adalah tentang bentuk kata atau word

form. Misalnya :

The season changes of weather cause color changes in the

A B

leaves of deciduous trees.

C D

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 2. Peringkat ke dua adalah struktur parallel (parallel construction). Misalnya :

Victims of migraines are often unable tolarate ordinary

A B C

sights, sound, odors and press

D

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3. Peringkat berikutnya adalah bentuk waktu kata kerja (verb tense). Misalnya :

No one was sure how many Americans suffer from chronic

A B C D

fague syndrome.

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4. Bentuk tunggal dan jamak (singular an plurarnoun). Misalnya :

Science and technology are part of the knowledges of

A B C D

educated people.

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5. Kata depan (preposition). Misalnya :

Some people believe that humans will never use away all

A B C

the natural resource of earth D

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6. Salah menggunakan kata (wrong word). Misalnya : some artists like their art to be shown in apart museum.

A B C D

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7. Penambahan kata yang tak perlu (additional word/rendundancy). Misalnya :

The invention of Alexander Graham Bell extremely

A B

greatly extended the limits of comunication

C D

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8. Kurang kata (omission of word). Misalnya : A delicious mixture called a smoothie is a blend

A B

several different foods such as milk,

C D

bananas and vanila

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9. Susun kata terbalik (word reversal). Misalnya:

The Medal of National Science is the highest award

A B

scientific that can be given to any C

individual in the United States. D

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10. Kata sandang (article). Misalnya :

A milk can provide protein for a cheap, nutritionally

A B C

balanced diet D

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11. Kata ganti (pronoun). Misalnya :

Scientists say that the color of the lake is a result of his

A B C D

unusual algae

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12. Kata penghubung (conjunction). Misalnya : Three condition critical for growing plant are soil

temperature, chemical balance or amount of moisture

A B

C D

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13. Kesesuaian subjek-predikat (verb agreement). Misalnya :

A technical view of a new invention sometimes differ from an economic perspective.

A

B C D

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14. Tingkat perbandingan (comparative). Misalnya :

Engines used in space shuttles are much larger and more strong than the ones used injet planes

A B

C D

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15. Bentuk kata kerja infinitive dan gerund. Misalnya : when there are low sales, companies often decide

developing new products.

A B

C D

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16. Penggunaan kata-kata “so”, “such” atau “so…that” Misalnya :

Elephants have so long flexible trunks that they seem clumsy as they walk

A B C D

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17. Klausa adjektif dan klausa adverbia yang mulai dengan “wh-”(adjective and adverb clause

beginning with “wh-”). Misalnya :

Many people which know the Missouri River well doubt that it can ever really be tamed.

A B C

D Jawaban : A, seharusnya “who”

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18. Penggunaan “other” dan “another”. Misalnya :

Unlike another schools, fremont High School has a room and board program to provide

A

B C

assistance for out-of-town students D

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19. Kata-kata “like”,”unlike” atau “alike”. Misalnya : Garlic smells somewhat alike onion and is a flavorful

ingredient used in many dishes

A B C

D

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20. Bentuk paling (superlative). Misalnya :

Many people believe that New York is the most great city in the united States

A B

C D

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21. Struktur pasif (passive voice). Misalnya :

New laws should be writing to accommodate changes in our society.

A B C D

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22. Tentang kata-kata “no”,”not”, atau “none”. Misalnya :

With reforestration now, there are young forests where no long ago the land was gullied

A B C D

and bare.

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23. Penggunaan kata “many” dan “much”. Misalnya : Of the billions of stars in the galaxy, how much are

suitable for life?

A B

C D

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24. Kata depan “since” dan “for”. Misalnya :

Victor served as president of the school club since fifteen years.

A B C D

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25. Penggunaan kata-kata “each”,”every”,atau “all”. Misalnya :

The majestic Rocky Mountains stretch each the way from Mexico to the Arctic

A B C

D