Ekuitas saham modal perseroan revisi

(1)

Ekuitas : Saham

Chapter

15

Intermediate Accounting 12th Edition

(2)

Penerbitan

Penyajian dan Analisis

Bentuk Perseroan Modal Saham atau Sistem Saham Stock split (Pemecahan Saham)

Pengungkapa

Presentation Analysis

Ekuitas Pemegang Saham

(3)

Tiga Jenis Utama Organisasi Bisnis :

The Corporate Form of Organization

Perusahaan Perseoranga

n

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Modal Saham atau Sistem Saham

The Corporate Form of Organization

Hak-hak pemegang saham :

1. Untuk membagi laba dan rugi secara proporsional.

2. Untuk ikut serta dalam manajemen secara proporsional (hak untuk memilih direktur).

3. Untuk membagi aset perusahaan secara proporsional jika terjadi likuidasi.

4. Untuk ikut serta secara proporsional dalam setiap penerbitan saham baru dari kelompok

(5)

Berbagai Kepentingan Kepemilikan

The Corporate Form of Organization

Saham biasa mewakili hak kepemilikan dasar.

Risiko terbatas jika terjadi kerugian.

Menerima manfaat jika perusahaan sukses. Tidak dijamin akan menerima dividen atau pembagian aktiva bila perusahaan dilikuidasi.

Saham preferen atau Preferred stock

berdasarkan pada kontrak, dimana pemegang

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Modal

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Saham di otorisasi – Saham

ditawarkan untuk dijual – Saham

diterbitkan

_{Masalah akuntansi :}

1. Saham dengan nilai pari.

2. Saham tanpa nilai pari.

3. Saham yang dijual atas dasar pesanan.

4. Saham yang digabungkan dengan sekuritas lain.

5. Saham yang diterbitkan dalam transaksi non-kas.

Penerbitan Saham

(8)

Akun yang harus dicatat:

Saham Preferen atau Saham Biasa.

Tambahan Modal Disetor : Agio atau Disagio Saham

Saham Dengan Nilai Pari

(9)

Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar

saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham

pada harga $4,100. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat

adalah:

Kas

4,100

Saham Biasa

(300 x $10)

3,000

Agio Saham Biasa 1,100

Contoh Kasus

(10)

Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar

saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham

pada harga $2,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat

adalah:

Kas 2,000

Saham Biasa

(300 x $10)

3,000

Disagio Saham Biasa 1,000

Contoh Kasus

(11)

Alasan penerbitan Saham Tanpa Nilai Pari

(No-Par Stock) :

Menghindari kewajiban kontinjen.

Adanya kerancuan dalam hubungan

antara nilai pari dan nilai pasar wajar.

Saham Tanpa Nilai Pari

(12)

Shinobi Corporation menerbitkan 600 lembar saham biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan harga $10,200. Buat ayat jurnal yang harus dicatat apabila (a) saham tanpa stated value, dan (b) saham memiliki nilai tetapan sebesar $2 per lembar.

Kas 10,200

Saham Biasa 10,200 Ayat jurnal:

Contoh :

Kas 10,200

Saham Biasa (600 x $2) 1,200

Tambahan Modal disetor 9,000

a .

(13)

Akun yang harus dicatat :

1.

Pesanan Saham Biasa atau Preferen,

dan

2.

Piutang Pesanan Saham Biasa/Preferen

Saham Dijual Atas Dasar Pesanan

(14)

Landmark Corp. menawarkan saham atas

dasar pesanan pada masyarakat yang

memberikan hak untuk membeli 10 lembar

saham (nilai pari $5) pada harga $20 per

lembar saham. 50 org menerima tawaran

tersebut dan menyetujui membayar 50%

uang muka serta 50% sisanya pada akhir

bulan ke-enam.

_{Buat jurnal untuk mencatat pada saat :}

1.

Pemesanan saham diterima

2.

Pelunasan (enam bulan kemudian).

Contoh :

(15)

 Pada saat Pemesanan Saham:

Piutang Pesanan $10,000

Pesanan Saham Biasa $ 2,500

Tambahan Modal Disetor yang Melebihi Nilai Pari $ 7,500 (untuk mencatat penerimaan pesanan 500 lbr saham)

Kas $ 5,000

Piutang Pesanan $ 5,000

(untuk mencatat penerimaan angsuran pertama)

 Pada saat Pelunasan:

Kas $ 5,000

Piutang Pesanan $ 5,000 (untuk mencatat pelunasan pesanan saham) Pesanan Saham Biasa $ 2,500

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Dua metode alokasi yang tersedia :

1.

Metode

proportional

2.

Metode

incremental

Saham Yang Diterbitkan dengan Sekuritas

Lain

(17)

Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham

preferen dengan nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus (lump sum) seharga $14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa $20 per lembar, dan saham preferen $90 per lembar.

Contoh:

Proportion

al

Method

Number Amount Total Percent Common stock 300 x $ 20.00 = $ 6,000 40% Preferred stock 100 x 90.00 9,000 60% Fair Market Value $ 15,000 100%

(18)

Contoh:

Kas 14,200

Saham Preferen (100 x $50) 5,000

Ayat Jurnal (Metode Proportional):

Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen 3,520

Saham Biasa (300 x $10) 3,000

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Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham biasa dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham

preferen dengan nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus (lump sum) seharga $14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa $20 per lembar, sedangkan saham preferen tidak

diketahui.

Contoh:

Increment

al

Method

Number Amount Total Common stock 300 x $ 20.00 = $ 6,000 Preferred stock 100 x

-Fair Market Value $ 6,000

(20)

Contoh:

Kas 14,200

Saham Preferen (100 x $50) 5,000

Ayat Jurnal (Metode Incremental):

Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen 3,200

Saham Biasa (300 x $10) 3,000

(21)

Aturan Umum:

perusahaan harus

mencatat saham yang diterbitkan

untuk jasa atau kekayaan selain kas

berdasarkan :

Nilai pasar yang wajar dari saham yang

diterbitkan atau

Pada nilai pasar wajar dari penerimaan

bukan kas,

Mana yang dapat ditentukan secara lebih

Saham Yang Diterbitkan Dalam Transaksi Non-Kas

(22)

Contoh:

Tanah 80,000

Saham Biasa (24,000 x $1) 24,000

Pada 1 April diterbitkan 24,000 lembar saham biasa untuk ditukarkan dengan sebidang tanah yang

ditawarkan dengan harga $90,000; nilai pasar wajar dari tanah tersebut $80,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat :

Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation

(23)

Contoh :

Paten 50,000

Saham Biasa (10,000 x $1) 10,000

Pada 1Aug. diterbitkan lagi 10,000 lembar saham biasa dengan harga $50,000 yang akan ditukarkan dengan Paten yang belum dapat ditetapkan nilai pasarnya. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat adalah :

Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation

(24)

Biaya langsung yang berkaitan dengan

penjualan saham, antara lain:

Biaya penjamin (underwriting costs),

Fee Akuntan dan Pengacara (accounting

and legal fees),

Biaya administrasi, cetak (print), dan

Pajak

Harus dicatat sebagai

pengurang

atas

jumlah yang disetor dalam akun tambahan

Biaya Penerbitan Saham

(25)

Alasan Perusahaan membeli kembali saham yang masih beredar :

Untuk menambah laba per saham dan tingkat pengembalian dari ekuitas (ROE).

Untuk memenuhi kontrak kompensasi saham karyawan atau memenuhi kebutuhan merger yang potensial.

Untuk menghindari usaha pengambil alihan atau mengurangi jumlah pemegang saham.

Membentuk pasar bagi saham.

REAKUISISI SAHAM

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Pembelian Saham Treasuri (

Treasury

Stock

)

Dua metode yang digunakan :

Cost method

(lebih banyak digunakan).

Par or Stated value method.

Treasury stock, mengurangi ekuitas

pemegang saham.

REAKUISISI SAHAM

(27)

REAKUISISI SAHAM

Treasury stock (1,000 x $28) 28,000

Cash 28,000

Contoh: UC Company menerbitkan 15,000 lembar saham dengan nilai pari $1, saham biasa $25 per lembar. Catatlah ayat jurnal untuk transaksi berikut :

April 1st the company re-acquired 1,000 shares for

(28)

Sale of Treasury Stock

Above Cost

Below Cost

Both increase total assets and stockholders’

equity.

REAKUISISI SAHAM

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REAKUISISI SAHAM

Cash (500 x $30) 15,000

Treasury stock (500 x $28) 14,000

Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000 shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share. Record the journal entry for the following

transaction:

June 1st Sold 500 shares of its Treasury Stock for

$30 per share.

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REAKUISISI SAHAM

Cash (300 x $9) 2,700

transaction:

Oct. 15th Sold 300 shares of its Treasury Stock for

$9 per share.

Paid-in capital treasury stock 1,000 Retained earnings 4,700

Limite d to balanc

(31)

REAKUISISI SAHAM

Cash (100 x $11) 1,100

transaction:

Oct. 30th Sold 100 shares of its Treasury Stock for

$11 per share.

(32)

REAKUISISI SAHAM

Common stock (100 x $1) 100

Paid-in capital common (100 x $24) 2,400

transaction:

Nov. 10th Retired remaining 100 shares of its

Treasury Stock.

(33)

REAKUISISI SAHAM

Illustration 15-4

(34)

REAKUISISI SAHAM

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Features often associated with preferred stock.

1.

Preference as to dividends.

2.

Preference as to assets in liquidation.

3.

Convertible into common stock.

4.

Callable at the option of the corporation.

5.

Nonvoting.

Preferred Stock

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

_Cumulative

Specific Features of Preferred Stock

A corporation may attach whatever

preferences or

restrictions, as long as it does not violate its state incorporation law.

(37)

Chapter

15-37 LO 6 Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.

Dividend Policy

Dividend distributions generally are based

on accumulated profits (retained

earnings).

Few companies pay dividends in amounts

equal to their legally available retained

earnings.

Why?

Maintain agreements with creditors.

Meet state incorporation requirements.

To finance growth or expansion.

To smooth out dividend payments.

(38)

1.

Cash dividends.

2.

Property

dividends.

Types of Dividends

Dividends require information concerning

three dates:

a.

Date of declaration

b.

Date of record

c.

Date of payment

3.

Liquidating

dividends.

(39)

Cash Dividends

Board of directors vote on the declaration

of cash dividends.

A declared cash dividend is a liability.

Companies do not declare or pay cash

dividends on treasury stock.

Types of Dividends

(40)

Illustration What would be the journal entries made by a corporation that

declared a $50,000 cash dividend on March 10, payable on April 6 to shareholders of

record on March 25?

March 10 (Declaration Date)

Retained earnings 50,00

0

Dividends payable 50,00

0

March 25 (Date of Record) No entry

April 6 (Payment Date)

0

Cash 50,00

Debit Credit

Cash Dividend

(41)

Property Dividends

Dividends payable in assets other than

cash.

Restate at fair value the property it will

distribute, recognizing any gain or loss.

Types of Dividends

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Illustration A dividend is declared Jan. 5th and paid Jan. 25th, in bonds held as an investment; the bonds have a book value of $100,000 and a fair market value of $135,000.

Date of Declaration

Investment in bonds

35,00 0

Gain on investment 35,00

0

and

Date of Issuance

Property dividend payable

135,000

Property dividend payable

135,000

Property Dividend

(43)

Liquidating Dividends

Any dividend not based on earnings

reduces corporate paid-in capital.

Types of Dividends

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June 1 (Payment Date)

April 20 (Declaration Date)

Additional paid-in capital 125,000

Cash 700,000

BE15-12 Radical Rex Mining Company declared, on April 20, a dividend of $700,000 payable on June 1. Of this amount, $125,000 is a return of capital. Prepare the April 20 and June 1 entries for Radical Rex.

Liquidating Dividend

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Chapter

Stock Dividends

Issuance of own stock to stockholders on

a pro rata basis, without receiving any

consideration.

When stock dividend is less than 20–25

percent of the common shares

outstanding, company transfers

fair

market value

from retained earnings

(

small stock dividend

).

LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and

Types of Dividends

(46)

Chapter

10% stock dividend is

declared_{Retained earnings} _20,00

0 Common stock dividend

distributable

500

Additional paid-in capital 19,50

0

Stock issued

Common stock div. distributable

500

Common stock 500

Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and outstanding. The per share par value is $1,

book value $32 and market value is $40.

Stock Dividend

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Chapter

Stock Split

To reduce the market value of shares.

No entry recorded for a stock split.

Decrease par value and increased

number of shares.

Types of Dividends

(48)

Chapter

2 for 1 Stock Split

No Entry -- Disclosure that par is now $.50 and shares outstanding are 10,000.

Stock Dividend

Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and outstanding. The per share par value is $1, book value $32 and market value is $40.

(49)

Chapter

Stock Split and Stock Dividend

Differentiated

If the stock dividend is large, it has the same

effect on market price as a stock split.

A stock dividend of more than 20–25 percent

of the number of shares previously

outstanding is called a

large stock

dividend

.

With a large stock dividend, transfer from

retained earnings to capital stock the

par

Types of Dividends

(50)

Chapter

Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and outstanding. The per share par value is $1, book value $32 and market value is $40.

50% stock dividend is

declared_{Retained earnings} _2,500

Common stock dividend distributable

2,500

Stock issued

Common stock dividend distributable

2,500

Common stock 2,500

Stock Dividend

(51)

Presentation and Analysis of

Stockholders’ Equity

Presentation and Analysis of

Stockholders’ Equity

Presentati

on

Balance Sheet

(52)

Presentation and Analysis of

Stockholders’ Equity

Presentation and Analysis of

Stockholders’ Equity

(53)

Ratio shows how many dollars of net income the company earned for each dollar invested by the owners.

Analysis

Net income – Preferred dividends

Average common stockholders’ equity

Rate of Return on

Common

Stock Equity =

Presentation and Analysis of

Stockholders’ Equity

(54)

It is important to some investors that the

payout be sufficiently high to provide a good yield on the stock.

Analysis

Cash dividends Payout

Ratio =

Presentation and Analysis of

Stockholders’ Equity

Presentation and Analysis of

Stockholders’ Equity

(55)

The amount each share would receive if the company were liquidated on the basis of