Effects of Land Type Character on Vegetative (Leaves, Branches) And Rooting (Weight, Long, Nodule)of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) - repository civitas UGM

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Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

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Ministry of Agriculture Indonesian Society of Animal Sciences Gadjah Mada University th

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 Scope of AAAP: AAAP is established to devote for the efficient animal production in the Asian-Australasian region through national, regional, international cooperation and academic conferences.

 Brief History of AAAP: AAAP was founded in 1980 with 8 charter members representing 8 countries-those are Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines and Thailand. Then, the society representing Taiwan joined AAAP in 1982 followed by Bangladesh in 1987, Papua New Guinea in 1990, India and Vietnam in 1992, Mongolia, Nepal and Pakistan in 1994, Iran in 2002, Sri Lanka and China in 2006 , thereafter currently 19 members.

 Major Activities of AAAP: Biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress, Publications of the Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences and proceedings of the AAAP congress and symposia and Acknowledgement awards for the contribution of AAAP scientists.

 Organization of AAAP:

∙ President: Recommended by the national society hosting the next biennial AAAP Animal Science Congress and approved by Council meeting and serve 2 years.

∙ Two Vice Presidents: One represents the present host society and the other represents next host society of the very next AAAP Animal Science Congress.

∙ Secretary General: All managerial works for AAAP with 6 years term by approval by the council

∙ Council Members: AAAP president, vice presidents, secretary general and each presidents or representative of each member society are members of the council. The council decides congress venue and many important agenda of AAAP

 Office of AAAP: Decided by the council to have the permanent office of AAAP in Korea. Currently # 909 Korea Sci &Tech Center Seoul 135-703, Korea

 Official Journal of AAAP: Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. ISSN 1011-2367. http://www.ajas.info) is published monthly with its main office in Korea

 Current 19 Member Societies of AAAP:

ASAP(Australia), BAHA(Bangladesh), CAASVM(China), IAAP(India), ISAS(Indonesia),

IAAS(Iran), JSAS(Japan), KSAST(Korea), MSAP(Malaysia), MLSBA(Mongolia),

NASA(Nepal), NZSAP(New Zealand), PAHA(Pakistan), PNGSA(Papua New Guinea),

PSAS(Philippines), SLAAP(Sri Lanka), CSAS(Taiwan), AHAT(Thailand), AHAV(Vietnam).



Previous Venues of AAAP Animal Science Congress and AAAP Presidents

I 1980 Malaysia S. Jalaludin II 1982 Philippines V. G. Arganosa III 1985 Korea In Kyu Han IV 1987 New Zealand A. R. Sykes V 1990 Taiwan T. P. Yeh VI 1992 Thailand C. Chantalakhana VII 1994 Indonesia E. Soetirto VIII 1996 Japan T. Morichi IX 2000 Australia J. Ternouth X 2002 India P. N. Bhat XI 2004 Malaysia Z. A. Jelan XII 2006 Korea I. K. Paik XIII 2008 Vietnam N.V. Thien XIV 2010 Taiwan L.C. Hsia

XV 2012 Thailand C.Kittayachaweng XVI 2014 Indonesia Yudi.Guntara.Noor

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Proceedings of the 16th _{AAAP Animal Science Congress Vol. II}

10-14 November 2014, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Effects of Land Type Character on Vegetative (Leaves, Branches) And

Rooting (Weight, Long, Nodule)of Peanut

(Arachis hypogaea)

Bambang Suwignyo1, S. Al – Kautsar and Bambang Suhartanto

Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Corresponding email: bsuwignyo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This study Aimed to determine the difference types of soilon germination, number of leaf, stems,

roots and number of root nodules of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)planted in the area of exs Merapi

eruption.Research was conducted in the former lands and pyroclastic eruption of Merapi in the Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Sandy soil material originated from the eruption (lava) and former Merapi hot clouds was divided into three plots with three bed replications peanuts, with the same dung fertilizer. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using computer software (SPSS) version of 16. Soil analysis resultedthe levels of C, BO, and N-total land area of hot clouds was greater than soil area of exs eruption material (lava). Vegetative character of peanuts planted in the exs Merapi eruption versus hot clouds versus was not significanly different, except the number of leaves (P<0.05), meanwhile weight of roots andlength of roots was also significanlty different (P<0.05).As a feedstuff(from the number of leaves) peanuts were planted on exs Merapi eruption showed better compare with plants grown in the land of hot clouds.

Key Words: peanuts, Merapi Soil, fertilizer, vegetative charateristic, quality

INTRODUCTION

At the time of the eruption of Mount Merapi, a variety of volcanic material ejected into the air and very high temperature lava flooded the surrounding area.The content contained in volcanic material can be a gas, sand, rocks, sulfur, hot clouds also called "wedhus trash" (Abrianto, 2010).When Merapi eruption, there is land affected by hot clouds and volcanic ash but not directly hit by Merapi lava material in the form of sand and stone.Both types of the original land was agricultural land.After the eruption may be different due to the intervention experienced by different materials, although both had similar heating process.Hot clouds formed also causes acid rain which endanger health or the environment.Toxicities of this heat in the cloud can reduce soil fertility and mortality.

Volcanic ash is quite potential to improve soil fertility, due to weathering of the material contained in the volcanic ash will produce nutrient-nutrient Ca, Mg, Na, K, and micro elements (Cu) that plants need.Volcanic ash cover is relatively thick (<20 cm), can be done by mixing the effort at the time of tillage layer by farmers.But when of coverage> 20 cm, rehabilitation efforts with r subsoile tool will be able to be implemented properly.

Restoration of agricultural land needs to be done as an accelerated recovery of the ecosystem of Mount Merapi conditions needs to be studied and carried through conservation efforts.Under existing conditions, the researchers wanted to determine the effect of different land types on peanut plants in the vegetative character (germination, leaves, and stems) and roots (weight, length, nodule) using manure without composting process.

METHODOLOGY

This study was carried out in former agricultural land material and pyroclastic eruption Hamlet Paging Ravine, Kepuharjo Village, Cangkringan, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Region from March 2012 to July 2012.Two type of soilare Merapi eruption and pyroclastic (+ 120 m 2._),_{divided into two blocks with three replication beds.}_{Bean seeds were} planted in a hole as deep as 5 cm with a spacing of 50 cm x 25 cm.Basic fertilizer given a week before planting, manure ± 340 g / hole, equivalent to 6.18 tons / ha DM.In the form of

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cow dung mixed with the rest of the feed without the fermentation process.Subsequent fertilization with urea on bean plant at three weeks (dose of 100 kg / ha) and six weeks as much as 100 kg / ha.

Fertilizerwas analyzed for C content, BO, N-total, P-total, K-total and C/N ratio, whereas the soil samples analyzed levels of C, BO, N-Total.The percentage of seeds that grew calculated based on the ratio between the amount of beans that grow with the number of seeds planted (early 21 days from planting).The number of leaves counted from the leaves fully open and

at least 50% was still green.The number of brancheswas calculated including the main

stem.Root length was determined by measuring the root starting from the root base of the stem to the tip of the longest overall.Root weight was determined by weighing the roots from the base of the stem to the tip of the root.Total nodule count of the total existing nodules on the roots, whereas red root nodules were included in katgori active nodule.The number of leaves, branches, total nodule and active nodule taken from random observations of each treatment block as much as 20% of the number of 12 weekspeanut plants.Existing data in the analysis with one way ANOVA were prepared on the Completely Randomized Design (CRD).To test post hoc test was used Least Significant Different (LSD) with P <0.05 to see the connection parameters measured for each plot research (Gomez and Gomez, 1995)with the help of SPSS software version 16.

RESULTS

The results of the research data showed that quality of organic fertilizer used for peanut fertilization applications on land area after the eruption of Merapi.The data analysis is presented in Table 1 below:

Table 1. Quality of manure

C (%) BO (%) N Total (%) P Total (%) K Total (%) C / N

Manure 12.77 25.53 0.66 0.06 0.34 19.35

Result showed that the soil quality data used for peanut cultivation on the land area of Merapi eruption.The data analysis is presented in Table 2 as follows:

Table 2. Soil quality of soil in Merapi area after eruption

Code C (%) BO (%) N tot (%)

Soil heat clouds 3.28 5.65 0.20

Soil former eruption 2.03 3.52 0.02

The results of the germination of peanuts grown in different fields are presented in Table 3.

Table 3.Germination peanuts

Beds Treatment

Week-1 Week-2 Week-3

Soil hot clouds 24.2 _35.6

59.5

42.4 67.9

Soil eruption 53.4

The results of the study the number of leaves and branches peanuts grown in different fields are presented in Table 4.

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Table 4. The number of leaves, branches, length of root (cm) and weight of peanut s root (g)

Measured Variable Beds

Treatment

Soil eruption Soil hot clouds

Number of leaves Bed 1

The number of active nodules

Bed 1

p, q superscripts indicate significant differences between treatments (P <0.01)

DISCUSSION

The quality of this manure has met the ISO standard C-organic ranges between 27% - 58%, BO 21.8% - 25.53%, N-total of at least 0.40%, and the C / N ratio ranged from 20 10- (Sriharti, 2007).C content (%), BO, and N-total soil hot clouds greater than the soil exs eruption material, so the soil hot clouds can be said better than the former land of the eruption.This makes it possible to influence the activity of microorganisms present in the soil, including availability of nutrientsfor plant.Ijudin (2010) states that the land is formed of lava Merapi has physical properties such as: textured sand with very high sand content (97-99%), single grain soil structure or texture, and consistency of loose or firm.Soil has a very high aeration pore (approximately 40% by volume), the soil is very porous, and water availability is very low (about 1-3% by volume).From the data above it can be seen that the rate of germination in soil hot clouds bigger than the soil eruption material. The results of the study, the possibility of soil hot clouds provided a better growing factor in addition to the quality peanut due to availability of C, BO, and N-total compare with eruption material land.

The number of leaves of peanuts in soil eruption material wassignificanlty bigger than plants in hot clouds on land.The addition of manure to provide a balance of nutrients and physical factors sandy soil so that the soil is also able to provide the conditions for the formation of 3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK$$$3$QLPDO6FLHQFH&RQJUHVV9RO,, 1RYHPEHU*DGMDK0DGD8QLYHUVLW\<RJ\DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD

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leaves and branches.Purwono and Hartono (2008) states that the bean plants require soil that is not too heavy soil that does not contain a lot of clay, such as sandy soil.

The total root nodules and active nodule peanuts planted on soil eruption material was smaller than peanuts planted in the hot cloud.Temperature can affect plant growth, root nodules and N fixation peanuts.The most favorable temperature range for the formation of bacteroids in the nodule tissue is 20-30 0_{C (Subba Rao, 1994).}

The root length of peanut in soil eruption material was shorter than peanut roots planted in hot clouds, while the average weight of the root was reverse.The tendency of plants to look for the intake of nutrients required by the body causing the plant to work extra hard to form long roots to reach water and nutrients. Therefore the land of hot clouds tend to have a longer roots than the former land eruption material which was dominated by sand.

CONCLUSION

Land eruption and land of hot clouds after two years Merapi erupted hasdifferent physical and chemical properties change, so content of C, BO, and N-total was different.Peanut plants with the same fertilizer treatment can produce different vegetative characters and roots condition in the different field (growing media).

REFERENCES

Abrianto.2010. Dampak letusan Merapi pada ternak sapi.

<http://duniasapi.com/id/edufarming> . Diakses pada 20 Februari 2013.

Balai Penelitian Tanah. 2009. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian, Indonesia.

Gomez, KA and AA Gomez, 1995. Statistic Procedure for agriculure Research (translation by Syamsudin, E., and JS Baharsyah). Indonesian University Press. Jakarta

Idjudin, Abdullah Abas., Mas Dedy S. Erfandi and Sutono.2010.Land Productivity

Enhancement Technology Deposition Merapi Volcanic Eruption Post.Yogyakarta.

Purwono dan R. Hartono. 2008. Kacang Hijau. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.

Sriharti dan Takiyah Salim.2007. Pemanfaatan Limbah Nanas Untuk Pembuatan Kompos Menggunakan komposter Rotary Drum, Jurnal Purifikasi, Vol.8, No.1, Divisi Jurnal Purifikasi Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan FTSP-ITS bekerja sama dengan Ikatan Ahli Teknik Penyehatan dan Teknik Lingkungan Indonesia, Surabaya.

Subba Rao, N. S. 1994. Mikroorganisme Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Jakarta Univertas Indonesia-Press.

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Effects of Land Type Character on Vegetative (Leaves, Branches) And Rooting (Weight, Long, Nodule)of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) - repository civitas UGM

Sustainable Livestock Production in the Perspective of

Food Security, Policy, Genetic Resources, and Climate Change

A

A

A

P

Proceedings

Full Papers

!

"

#

$"

% & '&

" "#

$%

&% & $'#%(" %

" "



Previous Venues of AAAP Animal Science Congress and AAAP Presidents

CONTENTS

Effects of Land Type Character on Vegetative (Leaves, Branches) And

Rooting (Weight, Long, Nodule)of Peanut

(Arachis hypogaea)