Ekosistem Mangrove, Padang Lamun, dan Terumbu Karang

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^]DIV ]OKIL IHCKQ VMJMV^MQ MHE@EDK @I]^

O]N]@ JIHI@IC

‐

MHEVKV^MJ JILDQERM, WINILD @IJ]L, ^MQ]JA] HIQILD

‚‚

E`mc?

Viric

Viric Ncistkili

Ncistkili Hirtkhi

Hirtkhi Nmwk

Nmwk

9672>99317

1796

NMWIQ^MJML AKE@EDK

BIH]@^IV JI^MJI^KHI NIL K@J] WMLDM^IC]IL I@IJ

]LKRMQVK^IV KLNELMVKI

NMWEH

1792

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K.

K. WMLNIC]@]IL

WMLNIC]@]IL

Klnelmski jmrupihil siìc situ lmdiri hmpuìuil tmramsir nk nulki, tmrnkrk itis 94.=73 Klnelmski jmrupihil siìc situ lmdiri hmpuìuil tmramsir nk nulki, tmrnkrk itis 94.=73 puìu nm

puìu nmldil pildil piloild dloild dirks piltiirks piltik 39.4;k 39.4;9 hj, 9 hj, jmjk`khk jmjk`khk hmilmhihmilmhiridijil ridijil ciyitk yciyitk yild fuhild fuhup tklddkup tklddk smpmrtk cutil jildrevm, tmrujau hirild, pinild ìjul, khil, jiji`ki, rmptk`ki, hrustismi nil smpmrtk cutil jildrevm, tmrujau hirild, pinild ìjul, khil, jiji`ki, rmptk`ki, hrustismi nil amraidik omlks jeùshi. Vujamrniyi iìj

amraidik omlks jeùshi. Vujamrniyi iìj ìut tmrsmaut ìut tmrsmaut jmrupihijmrupihil l siìc situ siìc situ jeni` nisir yildjeni` nisir yild nipit nkjilbiithil ultuh pmjaildulil liskeli`.Inilyi suitu skstmj mheèdk yild tmramltuh e`mc nipit nkjilbiithil ultuh pmjaildulil liskeli`.Inilyi suitu skstmj mheèdk yild tmramltuh e`mc cuauldil tkjai` ai`kh iltiri jicùh cknup nmldil `kldhuldillyi nksmaut nmldil mheskstmj. cuauldil tkjai` ai`kh iltiri jicùh cknup nmldil `kldhuldillyi nksmaut nmldil mheskstmj. Mheskstmj amrisi` nirk hiti ?

Mheskstmj amrisi` nirk hiti ? DmeakefemlesksDmeakefemlesks, yild amrirtk, yild amrirtk Akefemlesk Akefemleskss ? hejpelml aketkh nil ? hejpelml aketkh nil Dmefemlesks

Dmefemlesks ? hejpelml iaketkh. ^knih cilyi tmrdiltuld nk jili erdilksjm tink cknup, tmtipk ? hejpelml iaketkh. ^knih cilyi tmrdiltuld nk jili erdilksjm tink cknup, tmtipk oudi pini

oudi pini ipi yild ipi yild nkìhuhil erdilksjm tmrjisuh nkìhuhil erdilksjm tmrjisuh jmlduaic mlmrdk, amrtkldhic jmlduaic mlmrdk, amrtkldhic ìhu, amrmihsk,ìhu, amrmihsk, jmlduaic `kldhuldil bkskh jiupul akeèdk nil aidikjili erdilksjm nkcijait e`mc spmskms ìkl. jmlduaic `kldhuldil bkskh jiupul akeèdk nil aidikjili erdilksjm nkcijait e`mc spmskms ìkl.

I`kril mlmrdk ni`ij

I`kril mlmrdk niìj lkfcmlkfcm yild tmroink iniìc hmtkhi jiticirk jmlyklirk ìut, sklirlyi yild tmroink iniìc hmtkhi jiticirk jmlyklirk ìut, sklirlyi ihil jmjailtu presms beteskltmsks yild nkìhuhil e`mc bktepìlhtel. Bktepìlhtel klkìc yild ihil jmjailtu presms beteskltmsks yild nkìhuhil e`mc bktepìlhtel. Bktepìlhtel klkìc yild hmjunkil ihil nkhelsujsk e`mc zeepìlhtel, zeepìlhtel nkhelsujsk e`mc cmwil nmldil tkldhit hmjunkil ihil nkhelsujsk e`mc zeepìlhtel, zeepìlhtel nkhelsujsk e`mc cmwil nmldil tkldhit yild `makc tklddk (hirlkveri), cklddi pini ihckrlyi cmwil hirlkveri ihil jitk nil nknmhejpesksk yild `makc tklddk (hirlkveri), cklddi pini ihckrlyi cmwil hirlkveri ihil jitk nil nknmhejpesksk e`mc nmhejpesmr jmloink nmtrktus, yild hmjunkil nksmrip bktepìlhtel smaidik zit ciri/lutrkml. e`mc nmhejpesmr jmloink nmtrktus, yild hmjunkil nksmrip bktepìlhtel smaidik zit ciri/lutrkml. Ini amamripi mheskstmj yild tmrnipit nk ìut trepks felteclyi ? jildrevm, ìjul nil tmrujau Ini amamripi mheskstmj yild tmrnipit nk ìut trepks felteclyi ? jildrevm, ìjul nil tmrujau hirild. cuauldil hmtkdi mheskstmj klk sildit sklmrdks. Ipiakì siìcsitu skstmj jmldiìjk hirild. cuauldil hmtkdi mheskstmj klk sildit sklmrdks. Ipiakì siìcsitu skstmj jmldiìjk dildduil,jihi skstmj yild ìkl ihil amrpmldiruc oudi.

dildduil,jihi skstmj yild `ikl ihil amrpmldiruc oudi.

Mheskstmj jildrevm, pinild `ijul, nil tmrujau hirild jmjk`khk pmril yild si`kld Mheskstmj jildrevm, pinild `ijul, nil tmrujau hirild jmjk`khk pmril yild si`kld jmlnuhuld aidk hmutucil mheskstmj jiskld-jiskld. Jildrevm jmjk`khk pmrilil smaidik jmlnuhuld aidk hmutucil mheskstmj jiskld-jiskld. Jildrevm jmjk`khk pmrilil smaidik pmlomaih ci

pmlomaih ciri nil smnkjmri nil smnkjml, pm`klnuld niritil, pm`klnuld niritil nirk iarisk, nil kltrusk il nirk iarisk, nil kltrusk ikr `iut nil jmloinkr `iut nil jmloink tmjpitk tmjpit amr`klnuld aidk

amr`klnuld aidk ailyih erailyih erdilksjm ìut. dilksjm ìut. Hejulktis ìjul Hejulktis ìjul jmjk`khk pmrilil, jmjk`khk pmrilil, yiktu yiktu jmlduriljmldurildkdk mlmrdk dmèjaild, jmlstiak`hil suastrit smcklddi jmldurildk hmhmrucil, jmlomaih zit ciri, smrti mlmrdk dmèjaild, jmlstiak`hil suastrit smcklddi jmldurildk hmhmrucil, jmlomaih zit ciri, smrti jmloink tmjpit amrtmùr nil jmlfirk jihil. ^mrujau hirild smlnkrk jmjpulyik pmrilil yiktu jmloink tmjpit amrtmùr nil jmlfirk jihil. ^mrujau hirild smlnkrk jmjpulyik pmrilil yiktu jmldurildk mlmrdk dmèjaild, oudi jmjpmrhehec nimric pmskskr smfiri hmsmùrucil nil jmloink jmldurildk mlmrdk dmèjaild, oudi jmjpmrhehec nimric pmskskr smfiri hmsmùrucil nil jmloink ciaktit aidk ailyih omlks erdilksjm ìut.

ciaktit aidk ailyih omlks erdilksjm `iut.

KK.

JILDQERM

Jildrevm amrisi` nirk hiti

Jildrevm amrisi` nirk hitijildumjildum//jildi` jildi` (Wertudksc) nil (Wertudksc) nil drevm drevm (Mld`ksc). Vmfiri ujuj (Mld`ksc). Vmfiri ujuj cutil jildrevm nipit nknmbklkskhil smaidik suitu tkpm mheskstmj cutil yild tujauc nk suitu cutil jildrevm nipit nknmbklkskhil smaidik suitu tkpm mheskstmj cutil yild tujauc nk suitu nimric pisild surut (piltik, ìduli, juiri suldik) yild tmrdmlild pisild nil amais pini siit ikr nimric pisild surut (piltik, ìduli, juiri suldik) yild tmrdmlild pisild nil amais pini siit ikr ìut surut nil hejulktis tujaucillyi jmjpulyik te`mrilsk tmrcinip dirij (

ìut surut nil hejulktis tujaucillyi jmjpulyik te`mrilsk tmrcinip dirij ( si`klkty si`klkty) ikr ìut.) ikr ìut. ûjaucil yild cknup nk mheskstmj jildrevm iniìc tujaucil yild amrskbit

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jmjpulyik te`mrilsk yild tklddk tmrcinip tkldhit hmisklil (

jmjpulyik te`mrilsk yild tklddk tmrcinip tkldhit hmisklil ( si`klkty si`klkty) ikr `iut nil pini ujujlyi) ikr `iut nil pini ujujlyi amrskbit

amrskbit i`hi`kl. i`hi`kl. Mheskstmj jildrevm Mheskstmj jildrevm nknmbklkskhil smaidik nknmbklkskhil smaidik jkltihijkltihit t pisut pisut nil nil jkltihit supri-jkltihit supri- pisut nirk

pisut nirk piltik amrùjpur nil piltik amrùjpur nil tmùh, deai, tmùh, deai, nilnil mstuirymstuiry yild nknejklisk e`mc cièpcyti yihlk yild nknejklisk e`mc cièpcyti yihlk tujauc-tujaucil yild cknup nk ikr iskl, amrpeheh, nil amriniptisk tklddk yild amrhiktil nmldil tujauc-tujaucil yild cknup nk ikr iskl, amrpeheh, nil amriniptisk tklddk yild amrhiktil nmldil ilih suldik, riwi, nil ailokril, amrsiji-siji nmldil pepuìsk cmwil nil tujaucil. Jildrevm ilih suldik, riwi, nil ailokril, amrsiji-siji nmldil pepuìsk cmwil nil tujaucil. Jildrevm tujauc pini piltik-piltik yild tmr`klnuld itiu piltik piltik yild nitir. Akisilyi nk tmjpit yild tujauc pini piltik-piltik yild tmr`klnuld itiu piltik piltik yild nitir. Akisilyi nk tmjpit yild tih ini juiri suldiklyi cutil jildrevm tmrnipit idih tkpks, lijul pini tmjpit yild jmjpulyik tih ini juiri suldiklyi cutil jildrevm tmrnipit idih tkpks, lijul pini tmjpit yild jmjpulyik juiri suldik amsir nil nm`ti yild i`kril ikrlyi ailyih jmldilnuld ùjpur nil piskr, jildrevm juiri suldik amsir nil nm`ti yild i`kril ikrlyi ailyih jmldilnuld ùjpur nil piskr, jildrevm akisilyi tuja

akisilyi tujauc jm`uis. Jildrevm tknih tujuc jm`uis. Jildrevm tknih tujauc nk piltik yild tmroi` yild amrejaih amsiauc nk piltik yild tmroi` yild amrejaih amsir nilr nil irus pisild surut yild huit.

irus pisild surut yild huit.

KKK.

WINILD @IJ]L

Winild ìjul jmrupihil suitu hejulktis nmldil prenuhtkvktis prkjmr nil smhulnmr yild Winild ìjul jmrupihil suitu hejulktis nmldil prenuhtkvktis prkjmr nil smhulnmr yild sildit tklddk, nmtrktus yild nkcisk`hil sildit ailyih, nil jijpu jmlnuhuld amraidik jifij sildit tklddk, nmtrktus yild nkcisk`hil sildit ailyih, nil jijpu jmlnuhuld amraidik jifij hejulktis cmwil. Winild ìjul jmjk`khk pmrilil mheèdks yild sildit pmltkld, yiktu smaidik hejulktis cmwil. Winild ìjul jmjk`khk pmrilil mheèdks yild sildit pmltkld, yiktu smaidik tmjpit amr`klnuld, tmjpit jmlfirk jihil, tmjpit tklddi` itiu tmjpit jkdrisk amraidik omlks tmjpit amr`klnuld, tmjpit jmlfirk jihil, tmjpit tklddi` itiu tmjpit jkdrisk amraidik omlks cmwil. Ciaktit ìjul nipit nkpilnild smaidik suitu hejulktis, niìj ci` klk suitu pinild ìjul cmwil. Ciaktit ìjul nipit nkpilnild smaidik suitu hejulktis, niìj ci` klk suitu pinild ìjul jmrupihil hmrildhi

jmrupihil hmrildhi struhtur nmldil tujaucil struhtur nmldil tujaucil nil cmwil nil cmwil yild si`kld yild si`kld amrcuauldil. amrcuauldil. CiaktitCiaktit `ijul nipit oudi nkpilnild siaidik suitu mheskst

ìjul nipit oudi nkpilnild siaidik suitu mheskstmj, niìj ci` klk cuauldil cmwil nil tujaucilmj, niìj ci` klk cuauldil cmwil nil tujaucil tink nkpilnild smaidik suitu presms tulddi` yild nkhmlni`khil e`mc pmldiruc-pmldiruc kltmrihtkb tink nkpilnild smaidik suitu presms tulddi` yild nkhmlni`khil e`mc pmldiruc-pmldiruc kltmrihtkb nirk bihter-bihter akeèdks, bkskhi, hkjkiwk. @ijul nipit cknup juìk nirk rmlnic lutrkml nil nirk bihter-bihter akeèdks, bkskhi, hkjkiwk. @ijul nipit cknup juìk nirk rmlnic lutrkml nil jm`kjpic pini ciaktit yild tklddk lutrkml. Hmamriniil ìjul pini helnksk ciaktit tmrsmaut, tknih jm`kjpic pini ciaktit yild tklddk lutrkml. Hmamriniil ìjul pini helnksk ciaktit tmrsmaut, tknih tmr`mpis nil dilduil itiu ilfijil-ilfijil tmrcinip hmìlsuldil cknuplyi aikh amrupi ilfijil tmr`mpis nil dilduil itiu ilfijil-ilfijil tmrcinip hmìlsuldil cknuplyi aikh amrupi ilfijil iìjk jiupul ilfijil nirk ihtkvktis jiluski.

i`ijk jiupul ilfijil nirk ihtkvktis jiluski.

Dijair 9. Qiltik jihilil pini mheskstmj jildrevm Dijair 9. Qiltik jihilil pini mheskstmj jildrevm

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@ijul

@ijul cknup cknup nil nil tmrnipit tmrnipit pini pini nimric nimric nimric nimric jkn-kltmrtjkn-kltmrtkni` kni` sijpik sijpik hmni`ijil hmni`ijil 7,=-977,=-97 j, nil sildit jm`kjpic nk nimr

j, nil sildit jm`kjpic nk nimric ic sua`kteri`. sua`kteri`. Ouj`ic spmskms `makc aOuj`ic spmskms `makc ailyih ilyih tmrnipit nk nimrtmrnipit nk nimricic trepkh nirk

trepkh nirk pini nk pini nk nimric ucioirknimric ucioirk. Ciaktit ìjul nipi. Ciaktit ìjul nipit nk`kcit smaidik suitt nk`kcit smaidik suitu hejulktis,u hejulktis, niìj ci` klk suitu pinild ìjul jmrupihil hmrildhi struhtur nmldil tujaucil nil cmwil niìj ci` klk suitu pinild ìjul jmrupihil hmrildhi struhtur nmldil tujaucil nil cmwil yild si`kld

yild si`kld amrcuaulamrcuauldil. dil. Ciaktit ìjul nipit Ciaktit ìjul nipit oudi nk`kcit siaidik suitu oudi nk`kcit siaidik suitu mheskstmj, niìjmheskstmj, niìj ci` klk cuauldil cmwi

ci` klk cuauldil cmwil nil tujaucil tink nk`kcl nil tujaucil tink nk`kcit smaidik suitu presms yild it smaidik suitu presms yild nkhmlni`khilnkhmlni`khil e`mc

e`mc pmldiruc-pmpmldiruc-pmldiruc kltmldiruc kltmrihtkb nirihtkb nirk bihter-bihrk bihter-bihter akeèdks, ter akeèdks, bkskhi, hbkskhi, hkjkiwk. kjkiwk. Mheskstmj Mheskstmj pinildpinild ìjul pini nimric tr

ìjul pini nimric trepkh nipit jmlmjpitk aepkh nipit jmlmjpitk amraidik mraidik ciaktit, niìj ci` kciaktit, niìj ci` klk stitus lutrlk stitus lutrkmlkml yild

yild nkpmrùnkpmrùhil sildit hil sildit amrpmldiruc. amrpmldiruc. @ijul @ijul nipit cknipit cknup juìk nup juìk nirk rmlnirk rmlnic lutnic lutrkml nilrkml nil jm`kjpic

jm`kjpic pini pini ciaktit ciaktit yild yild tklddk tklddk lutrkml. lutrkml. @ijul @ijul pini pini ujujlyi ujujlyi nkilddip nkilddip smaidik smaidik hm`ejpehhm`ejpeh tujaucil

tujaucil yild yild cejedml. cejedml. @ijul @ijul tmr`kcit tmr`kcit jmjpulyik jmjpulyik hiktil hiktil nmldil nmldil ciaktit ciaktit nkjilinkjili ailyih

ailyih ìjul ìjul (^ciìsski(^ciìsski) ) iniìc iniìc suastrit suastrit nisir nisir nmldil nmldil piskr piskr hisir.hisir. Mlciùs ifereknms Mlciùs ifereknms nejklil ckn

nejklil cknup pini sup pini suastrit uastrit nisir amrnisir amrpiskr nil piskr nil piskr smnkpiskr smnkhkt amr`ujpuhkt amr`ujpur r nil hinildnil hinild-hinild-hinild tmrnipit

tmrnipit pini pini nisir yild nisir yild tmrnkrk itis ftmrnkrk itis fijpuril pmficil ijpuril pmficil hirild yild hirild yild tm`ic jitk.tm`ic jitk.

KR.

^MQ]JA] HIQILD

Mheskstmj tmrujau hirild jmlmjpitk airksil tmrnmpil, nksusu` mheskstmj ìjul nil Mheskstmj tmrujau hirild jmlmjpitk airksil tmrnmpil, nksusu` mheskstmj ìjul nil jildrevm. ^mrujau hirild jmjautuchil pmrikril nmldil hmfmricil tklddk nil kltmlsktis ficiyi jildrevm. ^mrujau hirild jmjautuchil pmrikril nmldil hmfmricil tklddk nil kltmlsktis ficiyi yild jmjinik, yild akisilyi amrini pini nimric pipiril yild nildhi`. Tkìyic Klnelmski yild jmjinik, yild akisilyi amrini pini nimric pipiril yild nildhi`. Tkìyic Klnelmski jmjk`khk pmrikril piltik smpiloild `makc nirk 39.777 hj. Wmrikril klk smaidkil amsir jmrupihil jmjk`khk pmrikril piltik smpiloild `makc nirk 39.777 hj. Wmrikril klk smaidkil amsir jmrupihil pmrikril

pmrikril nildhi` nildhi` yild siyild sildit petmldit petmlski` aidlski` aidk amrhmk amrhmjaildlyi jaildlyi mheskstmj mheskstmj tmrujau htmrujau hirild. irild. ^mrujau^mrujau hirild jmrupihil siìc situ mheskstmj yild ijit pmltkld aidk hmamrìloutil sujamrniyi yild hirild jmrupihil siìc situ mheskstmj yild ijit pmltkld aidk hmamrìloutil sujamrniyi yild tmrnipit nk hiwisil pmskskr nil ìutil, nil ujujlyi tujauc nk nimric trepks, smrti jmjpulyik tmrnipit nk hiwisil pmskskr nil ìutil, nil ujujlyi tujauc nk nimric trepks, smrti jmjpulyik prenuhtkvkti

prenuhtkvktis s prkjmr yild prkjmr yild tklddk (97 tklddk (97 hd hd F/j1/ticulF/j1/ticul). ). ^klddklyi prenuhtkvktis prkjmr ^klddklyi prenuhtkvktis prkjmr nk nk nimricnimric tmrujau hirild klk jmlymaiahil tmroinklyi pmldujpuìl cmwil-cmwil yild amrilmhiridij tmrujau hirild klk jmlymaiahil tmroinklyi pmldujpuìl cmwil-cmwil yild amrilmhiridij smpmrtk8 khil, unild, jeùshi, nil ìkllyi. Nirk cisk` klvmltirksisk yild nkìhuhil nktmjuhil smpmrtk8 khil, unild, jeùshi, nil ìkllyi. Nirk cisk` klvmltirksisk yild nkìhuhil nktmjuhil

Dijair 1. Mheskstmj pinild `ijul Dijair 1. Mheskstmj pinild `ijul

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hm`ejpeh hirild

hmèjpeh hirild cirn feri` cirn feri` nmldil amraidik tkpm yiktu ? nmldil amraidik tkpm yiktu ? arilfckld arilfckld ,, tiauìtm, sua jisskb, niltiauìtm, sua jisskb, nil ìkllyi. Omlks khil hirild nktmjuhil smhktir 12 bijk`k nkiltirilyi bijk`k Fcimteneltknim, ìkllyi. Omlks khil hirild nktmjuhil smhktir 12 bijk`k nkiltirilyi bijk`k Fcimteneltknim, Wejifmltrknim,

Wejifmltrknim, nil nil @iarknim.@iarknim.

^mrujau iniìc nmpeskt amramltuh jiskb nirk hi`skuj hiraelit yild nkprenuhsk e`mc ^mrujau iniìc nmpeskt amramltuh jiskb nirk hi`skuj hiraelit yild nkprenuhsk e`mc hirild (bkùj

hirild (bkùj Flknirki, erne Vfmìriftklki) nmldil Flknirki, erne Vfmìriftklki) nmldil tijaicil tijaicil utiji nirkutiji nirk fi`ìfmreus i`dimfi`ìfmreus i`dim nil nil erdilksjm ìkl yild jmldmùirhil hi`skuj hiraelit. Hirild iniìc cmwil tih amrtuìld amìhild erdilksjm ìkl yild jmldmùirhil hi`skuj hiraelit. Hirild iniìc cmwil tih amrtuìld amìhild yild tmrjisuh niìj bkùj Fem`mltmriti (cmwil amrrelddi) itiu Flknirki yild nksmaut smaidik yild tmrjisuh niìj bkùj Fem`mltmriti (cmwil amrrelddi) itiu Flknirki yild nksmaut smaidik hirild (

hirild (feri` feri` ) jmlfihup hirild nirk erne Vf`mriftklki nil suahmìs Efteferi``ki (hmìs Iltcezei) jmlfihup hirild nirk erne Vf`mriftklki nil suahmìs Efteferi``ki (hmìs Iltcezei jiupul hmìs Cynrezei). ^mrujau hirild (

jiupul hm`is Cynrezei). ^mrujau hirild (Feri` rmmb Feri` rmmb ) jmrupihil jisyirihit erdilksjm yild) jmrupihil jisyirihit erdilksjm yild cknup nknisir pmrikril nil amrupi amltuhil aituil hipur (FiFE

cknup nknisir pmrikril nil amrupi amltuhil aituil hipur (FiFE66) yild fuhup huit jmlicil diyi) yild fuhup huit jmlicil diyi dmèjaild ìut. Vmtkip omlks hirild jmjk`khk amltuh heèlk yild hcis, ini yild amrfiaild, dmèjaild ìut. Vmtkip omlks hirild jmjk`khk amltuh heèlk yild hcis, ini yild amrfiaild, pkpkc/`mj

pkpkc/`mjpmldil, auìtil amsir, nil ìkl pmldil, auìtil amsir, nil ìkl smaidiklysmaidiklyi. Amltuh- amltuh heèlk i. Amltuh- amltuh heèlk yild nkaildul e`mcyild nkaildul e`mc hirild sildit nkpmldiruck e`mc

hirild sildit nkpmldiruck e`mc bihter dmlmtkh hirild smrti bihter dmlmtkh hirild smrti amaidik bihter `kldhuldil amaidik bihter `kldhuldil smpmrtk irus,smpmrtk irus, hmniìjil, ficiyi jiticirk, nil ìkl-ìkl. Vmcklddi amltuh heèlk sioi tknih nipit nkoin

hmniìjil, ficiyi jiticirk, nil ìkl-ìkl. Vmcklddi amltuh heèlk sioi tknih nipit nkoin khil ifuilkhil ifuil niìj

ni`ij jmldknmltkbkjmldknmltkbkhisk hisk omlks-omlkomlks-omlks s hirildhirild

R.

R. HIKÎL ILÎQI C]ÎL AIHI], WINILD @IJ]L, NIL ^MQ]JA]

HIKÎL ILÎQI C]ÎL AIHI], WINILD @IJ]L, NIL ^MQ]JA]

HIQILD

Mheskstmj jildrevm, tmrujau hirild, nil ìjul jmjpulyik hmtmrhiktil mheèdks Mheskstmj jildrevm, tmrujau hirild, nil ìjul jmjpulyik hmtmrhiktil mheèdks (cuauldil buldskeli`), aikh niìj lutrksk tmrìrut, skbit bkskh ikr, pirtkhm` erdilkh, jiupul jkdrisk (cuauldil buldskeli`), aikh niìj lutrksk tmrìrut, skbit bkskh ikr, pirtkhm` erdilkh, jiupul jkdrisk sitwi, nil nijpih hmdktil jiluski. E`mc hirmli ktu ipiakì siìc situ mheskstmj tmrsmaut sitwi, nil nijpih hmdktil jiluski. E`mc hirmli ktu ipiakì siìc situ mheskstmj tmrsmaut tmrdilddu, jihi mheskstmj yild ìkl oudi khut tmrdilddu. Kltmrihsk yild cirjelks iltiri hmtkdi tmrdilddu, jihi mheskstmj yild ìkl oudi khut tmrdilddu. Kltmrihsk yild cirjelks iltiri hmtkdi

Dijair 6. Qiltik jihilil pini mheskstmj tmrujau hirild Dijair 6. Qiltik jihilil pini mheskstmj tmrujau hirild

(6)

mheskstmj klk cirus nkpmrticilhil idir tmrfkpti smamltuh sklmrdk hmsmkjaildil `kldhuldil. mheskstmj klk cirus nkpmrticilhil idir tmrfkpti smamltuh sklmrdk hmsmkjaildil `kldhuldil. ^mrnipit `kji bihter yild jmjmldiruck cuauldil hmtkdi mheskstmj klk, yiktu?

^mrnipit `kji bihter yild jmjmldiruck cuauldil hmtkdi mheskstmj klk, yiktu? 9)

9) Vkbit bkskh ikrVkbit bkskh ikr

Cutil jildrevm smoitk akisilyi tujauc nk nimric yild tmr`klnuld nirk pmldiruc Cutil jildrevm smoitk akisilyi tujauc nk nimric yild tmr`klnuld nirk pmldiruc ejaih nil irus yild huit. ^mrujau hirild nil `ijul nksklk amrbuldsk smaidik ejaih nil irus yild huit. ^mrujau hirild nil `ijul nksklk amrbuldsk smaidik pmlicil

pmlicil ejaih ejaih nil nil irus irus yild yild huit huit ultuh ultuh jmjpmrìjjmjpmrìjait ait pmrdmrihipmrdmrihillyi. llyi. KlkKlk jmrupihil siìc situ kltmrihsk bkskh nirk tmrujau hirild nil ìjul tmrcinip jmrupihil siìc situ kltmrihsk bkskh nirk tmrujau hirild nil ìjul tmrcinip jildrevm smcklddi jildrevm tmr`klnuldk nirk ejaih nil irus yild huit.

jildrevm smcklddi jildrevm tmr`klnuldk nirk ejaih nil irus yild huit.

1)

1) Wirtkhm` erdilkhWirtkhm` erdilkh

Wirtkhm` erdilkh yild amrisi` nirk smrisic ìjul nil jildrevm nipit Wirtkhm` erdilkh yild amrisi` nirk smrisic ìjul nil jildrevm nipit jmjpmldiruck pmrtujaucil nirk tmrujau hirild. ^klddklyi pirtkhm` erdilkh jmjpmldiruck pmrtujaucil nirk tmrujau hirild. ^klddklyi pirtkhm` erdilkh yild tmrsuspmlsk nkpmrikril nipit jmlurulhil beteskltmsks nirk ìjul nil yild tmrsuspmlsk nkpmrikril nipit jmlurulhil beteskltmsks nirk ìjul nil zeexiltcmì

zeexiltcm`i nk pmrikril. Wirtkhm` erdilkh klk ihil jmldurildk kltmlsktis ficiyi nk pmrikril. Wirtkhm` erdilkh klk ihil jmldurildk kltmlsktis ficiyi jiticirk yild nkautuchil `ijul nil

jiticirk yild nkautuchil ìjul nil zeexiltcm zeexiltcm`ì`ì ultuh presms beteskltmsks. ultuh presms beteskltmsks. Vmìkl ktu pirtkhm` erdilkh yild tmraiwi nirk mheskstmj jildrevm hm mheskstmj Vmìkl ktu pirtkhm` erdilkh yild tmraiwi nirk mheskstmj jildrevm hm mheskstmj ìjul nil tmrujau hirild jmrupihil jihilil aidk aketi-aketi pmrikril smpmrtk ìjul nil tmrujau hirild jmrupihil jihilil aidk aketi-aketi pmrikril smpmrtk bk`tmr

bk`tmr bmmnmr bmmnmr nil nil nmtrktusnmtrktus bmmnmr bmmnmr . Hcusulyi mheskstmj jildrevm, irus nil. Hcusulyi mheskstmj jildrevm, irus nil dmèjaild nksmhktirlyi fuhup huit smcklddi amrbuldsk jmlomrlkchil pmrikril. dmèjaild nksmhktirlyi fuhup huit smcklddi amrbuldsk jmlomrlkchil pmrikril. Vmnildhil mheskstmj ìjul yild amrnmhitil nmldil mheskstmj jildrevm yild Vmnildhil mheskstmj ìjul yild amrnmhitil nmldil mheskstmj jildrevm yild hiyi smnkjml, jmjpulyik rckzeji yild si`kld jmlykìld ultuh jmlicil suastrit hiyi smnkjml, jmjpulyik rckzeji yild si`kld jmlykìld ultuh jmlicil suastrit nisir.

nisir.

6)

6) Lutrkml tmr`irutLutrkml tmr`irut Lutrkml

Lutrkml nkpmrkiril nkpmrkiril pmltkld pmltkld aidk aidk prenusml prenusml prkjmr prkjmr ultuh ultuh presms presms beteskltmsbeteskltmsks. Luks. Lutrkmltrkml nk pmrikril nipit amrisi` nirk aituil-aituil jiupul smrisic tujaucil nil nk pmrikril nipit amrisi` nirk aituil-aituil jiupul smrisic tujaucil nil erdilksjm-erdilksjm yild jitk, nil hmjunkil nknmhejpesksk e`mc aihtmrk erdilksjm-erdilksjm yild jitk, nil hmjunkil nknmhejpesksk e`mc aihtmrk jmloink zit ilerdilkh yild nksmrip e`mc prenusml prkjmr. Jildrevm hiyi ihil jmloink zit ilerdilkh yild nksmrip e`mc prenusml prkjmr. Jildrevm hiyi ihil lutrkml yild akisilyi tmraiwi hm mheskstmj ìjul nil tmrujau hirild jmìùk lutrkml yild akisilyi tmraiwi hm mheskstmj ìjul nil tmrujau hirild jmìùk i`kril suldik jiupul mbmh pisild surut.

i`kril suldik jiupul mbmh pisild surut. Lutrkml klk nksmrip ìldsuld e`mc ìjulLutrkml klk nksmrip ìldsuld e`mc ìjul jmìùk pmrihirillyi, nkjili

jmìùk pmrihirillyi, nkjili zeexiltcm` zeexiltcm`ìì oudi jmjpmre`mc lutrkmlt tmrsmaut. oudi jmjpmre`mc lutrkmlt tmrsmaut. Aituil-aituil hirild yild pmfic oudi jmrupihil lutrkml yild nkautuchil aidk Aituil-aituil hirild yild pmfic oudi jmrupihil lutrkml yild nkautuchil aidk erdilksjm yild ini nksmhktir jildrevm yild aksilyi jmjamltuh fildhild. erdilksjm yild ini nksmhktir jildrevm yild aksilyi jmjamltuh fildhild. Lutrkml klk

(7)

>)

>) Jkdrisk biuliJkdrisk biuli

Jkdrisk biuli nipit nksmaiahil e`mc jmlkldhitlyi prmni

Jkdrisk biuli nipit nksmaiahil e`mc jmlkldhitlyi prmniter pini suitu mheskstmj,ter pini suitu mheskstmj, amrhurildly

amrhurildlyi i jihilijihilil, l, rmprenuhsk, rmprenuhsk, jmlkldhitlyi jmlkldhitlyi pmrsikldil pmrsikldil niìjniìj jmjpmrauthil jihilil, tmjpit pmrsmjaulykil yild ijil, n``. Hmtkhi mheskstmj jmjpmrauthil jihilil, tmjpit pmrsmjaulykil yild ijil, n``. Hmtkhi mheskstmj jildrevm niìj hminiil rusih itiu tmrdilddu e`mc ihtkvktis jiluski jiupul jildrevm niìj hminiil rusih itiu tmrdilddu e`mc ihtkvktis jiluski jiupul e`mc pmldiruc iìj, jihi aketi-aketi itiu biuli yild cknuplyi nksmhktir e`mc pmldiruc iìj, jihi aketi-aketi itiu biuli yild cknuplyi nksmhktir jildrevm ihil amri`kc tmjpit hm mheskstmj ìjul jiupul tmrujau hirild ultuh jildrevm ihil amri`kc tmjpit hm mheskstmj ìjul jiupul tmrujau hirild ultuh jmjpmre`mc pmr`klnuldil.

jmjpmre`mc pmr`klnuldil.

=)

=) Ihtkvktis jiluskiIhtkvktis jiluski

Wmldijakìl tmrujau hirild smaidik aicil aildulil ihil jmldilfij Wmldijakìl tmrujau hirild smaidik aicil aildulil ihil jmldilfij mheskstmj jildrevm. Jmldkldit aicwi smfiri mheèdks tmrujau hirild amrbuldsk mheskstmj jildrevm. Jmldkldit aicwi smfiri mheèdks tmrujau hirild amrbuldsk ultuh jmlicil dmèjaild nil irus yild huit, smcklddi tilpi hmamriniillyi ultuh jmlicil dmèjaild nil irus yild huit, smcklddi tilpi hmamriniillyi ihil jmldijfij mheskstmj jildrevm yild akisilyi tmr`klnuld nirk ejaih nil ihil jmldijfij mheskstmj jildrevm yild akisilyi tmr`klnuld nirk ejaih nil irus yild huit. Khil nk nimric tmrujau hirild yild jmjihil suitu spmskms khil irus yild huit. Khil nk nimric tmrujau hirild yild jmjihil suitu spmskms khil nk smhktir nimric ìjul ìji hmìjiil ihil ciaks ipiakì tmrus jmlmrus nk smhktir nimric ìjul ìji hmìjiil ihil ciaks ipiakì tmrus jmlmrus nkmhspèktisk smfiri amsiramsiril e`mc jiluski. Khil nk nimric tmrujau hirild nkmhspèktisk smfiri amsiramsiril e`mc jiluski. Khil nk nimric tmrujau hirild amrhurild

amrhurild oujìclyi soujìclyi smnildhimnildhil khil nk nil khil nk nimric ìjmric ìjul jmlkldul jmlkldhit oujìhit oujìclyiclyi

RK.

HMVKJW]@IL

Mheskstmj jildrevm, pinild `ijul nil tmrujau hirild pini cihkhitlyi cknup smfiri Mheskstmj jildrevm, pinild `ijul nil tmrujau hirild pini cihkhitlyi cknup smfiri amrnijpkld

amrnijpkldil, il, ipiakì suitu ipiakì suitu mheskstmj tmrdilddu/rusimheskstmj tmrdilddu/rusih h ihil jmldihkaithil mbmh ihil jmldihkaithil mbmh nejkle pininejkle pini mheskstmj ìkllyi, yihlk hmrusihil mheskstmj ìkllyi. Mheskstmj jildrevm jmrupihil mheskstmj mheskstmj ìkllyi, yihlk hmrusihil mheskstmj ìkllyi. Mheskstmj jildrevm jmrupihil mheskstmj yild sildit prenuhtkb nmldil prenuhtkvktis prkjmrlyi yild sildit tklddk nirkpini mheskstmj yild sildit prenuhtkb nmldil prenuhtkvktis prkjmrlyi yild sildit tklddk nirkpini mheskstmj

Dijair >. Hiktil iltiri mheskstmj jildrevm, pinild `ijul, Dijair >. Hiktil iltiri mheskstmj jildrevm, pinild `ijul,

nil

(8)

ìkllyi nk pmrikril. Cutil jildrevm jmjpulyik buldsk mheèdks yild sildit pmltkld, yiktu ìkllyi nk pmrikril. Cutil jildrevm jmjpulyik buldsk mheèdks yild sildit pmltkld, yiktu smaidik siìc situ pmlymrip hiraelnkehskni nk uniri. Wmlkldhitil hilnuldil hiraelnkehskni nk smaidik siìc situ pmlymrip hiraelnkehskni nk uniri. Wmlkldhitil hilnuldil hiraelnkehskni nk uniri nipit jmlymaiahil nijpih pmjilisil dèai`. Okhi tmroink pmjilisil dèai` e`mc uniri nipit jmlymaiahil nijpih pmjilisil dèai`. Okhi tmroink pmjilisil dèai` e`mc pmlmaild

pmlmaildil il cutil cutil jildrevm jildrevm amsir-amsiamsir-amsiril ril jihi jihi klk klk ihil ihil amrpmldiruc amrpmldiruc tmrcinip tmrcinip mheskstmj mheskstmj tmrujautmrujau hirild nil `ijul. _

hirild nil ìjul. _eexiltcm`ìeexiltcm`ì pini tmrujau hirild ihil hmùir nirk hirild ihka pini tmrujau hirild ihil hmùir nirk hirild ihkait jmlkldhitlyiit jmlkldhitlyi sucu pmrikril. Hirild yild jmjautuchil

sucu pmrikril. Hirild yild jmjautuchil zeexiltcm`` zeexiltcm`ìi niìj jmjprenuhsk zit-zit pmltkld aidk niìj jmjprenuhsk zit-zit pmltkld aidk pmrtujauci

pmrtujaucillyi llyi ihil ihil jitk jitk smcklddi smcklddi tmroink tmroink pmjutkcipmjutkcil l hirild. hirild. Mheskstmj Mheskstmj tmrujau tmrujau hirildhirild jmrupihil mheskstmj yild nklijks, jmldi`ijk pmruaicil tmrus jmlmrus nil tknih ticil tmrcinip jmrupihil mheskstmj yild nklijks, jmldi`ijk pmruaicil tmrus jmlmrus nil tknih ticil tmrcinip dildduil-dilddu

dildduil-dildduil il iìj iìj yild yild amrisi` amrisi` nirk nirk ùir ùir tmrujau. tmrujau. Amamripi Amamripi bihter bihter yild yild jmjaitiskjmjaitisk pmrtujauci

pmrtujaucil l hirild hirild iniìc iniìc ? ? ficiyi, ficiyi, nkpmrùhil nkpmrùhil e`mce`mc zeexiltcm zeexiltcm`ì`ì ultuh ultuh jmìhuhil jmìhuhil beteskltbeteskltmsksmsks niìj

ni`ij oirkldil oirkldil hirild. hirild. Vucu Vucu nipit nipit jmrupihil jmrupihil bihter bihter pmjaitis pmjaitis yild yild ujuj ujuj aidk aidk hirild.hirild. Wmrtujaucil hirild yild eptkjuj tmroink pini pmrikril yild riti-riti sucu ticulillyi amrhksir Wmrtujaucil hirild yild eptkjuj tmroink pini pmrikril yild riti-riti sucu ticulillyi amrhksir 16

16 ‖ ‖ 1= 1=ee_{F, ihil tmtipk hirild oudi nipit jmlte`mrilsk sucu pini hksiril 17}_{F, ihil tmtipk hirild oudi nipit jmlte`mrilsk sucu pini hksiril 17}ee_{F sijpik nmldil 62}_{F sijpik nmldil 62 ‖}_‖ >7

>7ee_F._{F. ^mrujau hirild}_{^mrujau hirild slidit rmltil}_{slidit rmltil tmrcinip pmruaicil}_{tmrcinip pmruaicil `kldhuldil jihi}_{`kldhuldil jihi nirk}_{nirk ktu mheskstmj}_{ktu mheskstmj} tmrujau hirild jmrupihil mheskstmj pi`kld rmltil nkiltiri mheskstmj `ikllyi.

tmrujau hirild jmrupihil mheskstmj pi`kld rmltil nkiltiri mheskstmj `ikllyi.

RKK.

NIB^IQ W]V^IHI

Irkmb, I. 1776.

Irkmb, I. 1776. Cutil jildr Cutil jildrevmevm. Hilkskus, [edyihirti? >; c`j.. Hilkskus, [edyihirti? >; c`j.

Aurrm`, N. F nil Vfcuam`` O. Q. 9;44. Vmidriss mfesystmj efmiledripcy nk ni`ij

Aurrm`, N. F nil Vfcuam`` O. Q. 9;44. Vmidriss mfesystmj efmiledripcy nk ni`ij VmidrissVmidriss Mfesystmj

Mfesystmj? I Vfkml? I Vfkmltkbkf Wmrstkbkf Wmrspmftkvmpmftkvm. . Mn. F. W. Mn. F. W. JfQey nil JfQey nil F. Cm`bbmrkfc, pp. 9;=-161,F. Cm`bbmrkfc, pp. 9;=-161, Nmhhmr, Lmw [erh.

Nmhhmr, Lmw [erh. Bifh`mr,F. 179=.

Bifh`mr,F. 179=. VmidrissVmidriss. cttp?//www.efmilcmi`tcklnmx.erd/jmtcene`edy/fejpelmlts/smidriss,. cttp?//www.efmilcmi`tcklnmx.erd/jmtcene`edy/fejpelmlts/smidriss, nkihsms 4 Oulk 1792, ph. 9=.74 TKA.

nkihsms 4 Oulk 1792, ph. 9=.74 TKA. Drmml M.W & Vcert B.^. 1776.

Drmml M.W & Vcert B.^. 1776. Ter`n It`is eb VmidrissmsTer`n It`is eb Vmidrissms. ]KJMW Ter`n Felsmrvitkel. ]KJMW Ter`n Felsmrvitkel Jelkterkld Fmltrm, ]lkvmrskty eb Fi`kberlki Wrmss, Amrhm`my, ]VI.

Jelkterkld Fmltrm, ]lkvmrskty eb Fi`kberlki Wrmss, Amrhm`my, ]VI.

Cillij, W. 179=. Wirks ]L F`kjitm Felbmrmlfm 179=? Vmi driss i petmltki` se`utkel kl f`kjitm Cillij, W. 179=. Wirks ]L F`kjitm Felbmrmlfm 179=? Vmi driss i petmltki` se`utkel kl f`kjitm

bkdct. 9 c`j. bkdct. 9 c`j. cttp?//www.sjc.fej.iu/mlvkreljmlt/ul-felbmrmlfm/pirks-ul-

f`kjitm-f`kjitm-felbmrmlfm-felbmrmlfm-179=-tcm-surprkskl179=-tcm-surprkskld-ippmi`-d-ippmi`-eb-tcm-cuja`m-smeb-tcm-cuja`m-smi-driss-179=i-driss-179=9171- 9171-d`nyyc.ctj`, Nkihsms 4 Oulk 1792 ph. 1.>3 TKA.

d`nyyc.ctj`, Nkihsms 4 Oulk 1792 ph. 1.>3 TKA.

Ck``jil, H., Ti`hmr, N.O., @irhuj, I.T.N. & Jf Feja, I.O. 9;3;. Wrenuftkvkty iln lutrkmlt Ck``jil, H., Ti`hmr, N.O., @irhuj, I.T.N. & Jf Feja, I.O. 9;3;. Wrenuftkvkty iln lutrkmlt `kjktitkel eb smidrissms. Nk ni`ij? @irhuj, I.T., JfFeja, N.I.O & Vcmpcmrn, V.I. `kjktitkel eb smidrissms. Nk ni`ij? @irhuj, I.T., JfFeja, N.I.O & Vcmpcmrn, V.I. (mns).

(mns). Akeèdy eb Akeèdy eb VmidrissmVmidrissmss. Lmtcmrìln? M`smvkmr Vfkmlfm Wua`kscmrs.. Lmtcmrìln? M`smvkmr Vfkmlfm Wua`kscmrs.

Karickj, I.N. & N. Rmrlilnms. 1792. Jildrevm. 9 c`j. cttps?//www.ifinmjki.mnu/42>>794 Karickj, I.N. & N. Rmrlilnms. 1792. Jildrevm. 9 c`j. cttps?//www.ifinmjki.mnu/42>>794

/JILDQERM/ Nkihsms 4 Oulk 1792 ph. 17.63 TKA. /JILDQERM/ Nkihsms 4 Oulk 1792 ph. 17.63 TKA.

(9)

@irhuj, Iltcely T.N.8 Nuirtm, Fir`es8 Ertc, Qeamrt O., mns. (177=).

@irhuj, Iltcely T.N.8 Nuirtm, Firès8 Ertc, Qeamrt O., mns. (177=). îxelejy ilnîxelejy iln akedmerdripcy eb smidrissms. Vmidrissms? Akeèdy, Mfeèdy iln Felsmrvitkel

akedmerdripcy eb smidrissms. Vmidrissms? Akeèdy, Mfeèdy iln Felsmrvitkel. Vprkldmr-. Vprkldmr-Rmrìd, Lmw [erh

Rmr`id, Lmw [erh

Eld, O. M & T. H. Deld. 1796. Vtrufturm, Bulftkel iln Jilidmjmlt eb Jildrevm Mfesystmjs. Eld, O. M & T. H. Deld. 1796. Vtrufturm, Bulftkel iln Jilidmjmlt eb Jildrevm Mfesystmjs.

KVJM Jildrevm Mnufitkeli` Aeeh Vmrkms Le. 1. Kltmrlitkeli` Vefkmty ber Jildrevm KVJM Jildrevm Mnufitkeli` Aeeh Vmrkms Le. 1. Kltmrlitkeli` Vefkmty ber Jildrevm Mfesystmj

Mfesystmjs (KVJM), s (KVJM), Ehkliwi, Oipil, iln Ehkliwi, Oipil, iln KltmrlitkelKltmrlitkeli` ^repkfi` ^kjamr i` ^repkfi` ^kjamr ErdilkzitkelErdilkzitkel (K^^E), [eheciji, Oipil

(K^^E), [eheciji, Oipil

Qmldisijy, Q.Q.H., I. Qinoissmdirkl & I. Wmruji`.

Qmldisijy, Q.Q.H., I. Qinoissmdirkl & I. Wmruji`. Vmidriss is petmltki` seurfm eb jmnkfkli`Vmidriss is petmltki` seurfm eb jmnkfkli` been kldrmn

been kldrmnkmlts? Lutrkmlts? Lutrktkeli` iliktkeli` ili`ysks iln j`ysks iln ju`tkvirkitm u`tkvirkitm ippreifcippreifc. Akejmnkfklm &. Akejmnkfklm & Wrmvmltkvm Lutrktkel 6(1796)? 64=--637.

Wrmvmltkvm Lutrktkel 6(1796)? 64=--637.

Vmtyiwil, I. N., & Husuje T. 1772. Wmrjisi`icil Helsmrvisk Mheskstmj Jildrevm nk Wmskskr Vmtyiwil, I. N., & Husuje T. 1772. Wmrjisi`icil Helsmrvisk Mheskstmj Jildrevm nk Wmskskr

Hiaupitml Qmjaild, Oiwi ^mldic.

Hiaupitml Qmjaild, Oiwi ^mldic. Akenkvmrsk Akenkvmrsktistis. Re` 4 (1)? 9=;-926.. Re` 4 (1)? 9=;-926. Vemreye. 9;;1.

Vemreye. 9;;1.Vkbit nil Buldsk Cutil JildrevmVkbit nil Buldsk Cutil Jildrevm. Wusit Wmlm`ktkil nil Wmldmjaildil. Wusit Wmlm`ktkil nil Wmldmjaildil Esmile`edk? Oihirti. 94 c`j.

Esmile`edk? Oihirti. 94 c`j.

[uvirio, L., Hiljilk W., Vitkschujir Q., Wiirk I., Wittuhujir R. & Iru` R. Vmidriss is i [uvirio, L., Hiljilk W., Vitkschujir Q., Wiirk I., Wittuhujir R. & Iru` R. Vmidriss is i

petmltki`

petmltki` seurfm eb lseurfm eb lituri` iituri` iltkexknilt ltkexknilt iln iltk-klbìiln iltk-klbìjjitery jjitery idmlts.idmlts. Wcirjifmut Wcirjifmutkfi`kfi` Akeèdy

Ake`edy =7(>)? >=3-->24. =7(>)? >=3-->24.

_kjjmrjil QF, VeeCee OA, Hrmjmr OL, N‛Irdmlke N_N. 9;34. Mvi`uitkel eb virkilfm _kjjmrjil QF, VeeCee OA, Hrmjmr OL, N‛Irdmlke N_N. 9;34. Mvi`uitkel eb virkilfm

ipprexkjitkel tmfclkqums ber lel-`klmir pcetesyltcmsks-krrinkilfm jenm`s. Jir Ake` ipprexkjitkel tmfclkqums ber lel-`klmir pcetesyltcmsks-krrinkilfm jenm`s. Jir Ake` ;=?17;