LANGUAGE OF INSTANT MESSAGE IN COMMUNICATION.

Abstract

Juliana. Melyssa Liong. LANGUAGE OF INSTANT MESSAGE IN COMMUNICATION. A Thesis English Applied Linguistic study Program. Post Graduate School. State Universtity ofMedan.

Instant messaging {IM) as one of the internet services have become a needs and lifestyle of online communication, especially among teenagers and young adults. The main reasons of 1M use are the practical, efficient and entertain function. While 1M is commonly thought of as a written version of informal speech that affect the user language development, there has. been little empirical investigation of its linguistic characteristics, limited on the linguistics scaffolding (how the overall conversations were conducted), lexical issues ( issue relating to specific words) and semantics code mixing. This study examines three points about the 1M communication, they are: (I) to find out the type of language use in lM communication, (2) to find the type of code mixing applied in 1M communication (3) to find out the reason of the business people apply the IM communication. This paper reports on an analysis studies of the 1M behavior of a worker named Rustina, a multilinguals worker of a company that serves the export and local market, in influence to her culture and language as this reseach conducted in ethography design that all the data taken will also observe to her socio-cultural background. IM message history, transcript, interview, and questionnaire data to the background of the subject indicate that 1M language use (I) Simplification and affectiveness of the communication plays the important part in 1M communication since the most quantity used is one word only with 8 to 60 words/minute transmittion (2) The insertion type of the code mixing appear mostly in 1M conversation. (3) The linguistics characteristics used ofiM are uncommon or unstandadized with certain language of the multilinguals, they mix the language that suitable with them. The paper concludes by suggesting that lM can be seen as a new style of discourse that create a new language and new group of socieaty with bas no standarization for all user of different group The mixing of the languages known is considered change (absorb) the main rules or assumptions about ones spoken and written language.

LANGUAGE OF INSTANT MESSAGE

IN COMMUNICATION

A Thesis

Submitted

to

·the English Applied Linguistics Study Program

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humanlora

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGVISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATESCROOL

STATEUNIVERslTYOFMEDAN

...

-A THESIS

THE LANGUAGE OF INSTANT MESSAGE IN

COMMUNICATION

Registration Number: 082188330005

English Applied Linguistics Study Program

Postgraduate School

State University of Medan

This thesis was examined on February 25,2010 by the Board Examiners

Approved by

Adviser Commission

Second Adviser

Director of Postgraduate Study

School

APPROVAL

This thesis was examined on February 25, 2009 by the Board Examiners

Prof. D.P. Tampubolon, Ph. D.

Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D.

z

Prof. Tina Mariany Arirm, M.A., Ph.D.

Advisers' Statements

I

certify

that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion it is fully

adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the Degree of Magister

Humaniora.

·-- - - ~

Prof. D.P. Tampubolon, Ph. D.

tft

First Adviser

a

)I.

I certify that I have read this thesis and

that,

in my opinion it is fully

adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the Degree of Magister

Human·o a.

Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D.

ACKNOWLEGMENTS

First of all, the writer is very grateful to Buddha and Bodhisatta who has granted

blessings so that this thesis could be finished. This thesis is intended to fulfill a part of requirements to get the degree of Master Humaniora

at

the Englisti Applied Linguistics Program, Post Graduate ~ School, State University ofMedan.

This thesis could not have been accomplished without the guidance, suggestions,

and comments from several people, for which the writer would like to extend her sincere and

special thanks.

Firstly, the writer would like to express her greatest gratitude to Rrof. D.P.

Tampubolon, Ph.D., her first consultant, and Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph. D., her second

consultant, for the valuable advice, time, guidance and suggestions in writing this thesis.

Her gratitude goes to Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D. for her valdable time

and generous support being the third adviser and former Head of English Applied Linguistics

Study ogram. Her gratitude goes to the reviewers, Prof. Dr. Lince Sibom6" g, M.P.d., and

Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd.

Linguistics Program, for theirltelp regarding the administrative procedures and full support.

Her gratitude also go to all lecturers who have shared their knowledge to her during her

academic year.

Her thank also goes to her colleagues, Venti Halim, Jules Suharto, Suwandy and

especially her subjel:t of research, Rustina Cheung, PreSident Director of CML, Mr. Tony

Harsono, for their support and help in giving time and o portunit}] for her in conducting the

research and collecting the data.

Her very special thanks and sincere are directed to her beloved mom, lorida, her

lovely sister and brother, Tonny Liong, Tetty Suriany, Lady Diana, and Jhonny Roy, who

have patiently given pray and never ending spiritual and material support.

Her thanks also go to her colleagues in SMU Methodist-3, Ms. Taty Wijaya, Ms.

Susan, Ms. Mery, Ms. Eka, Ms. Lidya Ghodang, Ms. Etna Kimiawati, and many more for

their positive support and contributions for this thesis. In addition, her thanks also go to all

her classmates, especially Debbie, Ade, Yanti, Benny, Ipur and Hanim. Thank you for being

great friends.

May God Bless Us!

Melyssa Juliana Liong

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT ... -····-···-···-···-·--···-···... (i)

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN S...

(ii)

TABLE OF

CONTENTS...

(iv)

LIST OF FIGURES. ... (x)

LIST

OF TABLE ... -... (xi)

LIST

OF

APPENDICES ... ...

(xii)

CHAYfERI

1.2 The Problems of the Study ... . 1.3 The Objectives of the Study ... . 1.4 The Scope of the Study ... ... . 1.5 The Significance of the Study ... ... .

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS ... . 2.1 Communication ... . 2.1.1 Definition... 10

2.1.1.2 Communication Is a Process ... 11

2. 1.2 Functions of Communication .. .... ... ... ... 12

13 2.1.22 Identity Needs ... ... .. ... 13

2.1.2.3 Social Needs ... 14

2.1.2.4 Practical Needs ... ... 14

2.1.3 Types of Communications ... .. 14

2.1.3.1 Based on Context... 14

a Mass Communicaton ... 15

b. Public Communication ... .. 15

c. Small Group Communication ... 16

e. Intrapersonal Communication ... 17

2.1 .3.2 Based on Communication Ghannels.... 17

a. Verbal Communication ... .

a.

Formal Communication... 19

2.1 .5 Character of Business Communication ... 25

a. Conciseness... 25

b. Concreteness ... 25

c.

Clari!Y ... 25

e. Courtesy ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . 26

f. Correctness .. ... ... ... 26

g. Consideration ... 26

-

z

?

m

2.1.6. Reason ofMedia Use... 26

2.1.6.1 Information ... 26

2.1.6.2 Personal Identity ... 27

2.1.6.3

Integration and Social Interaction ... 27

2.1.6.4

Entertainment ... 27

2.2 Instant Message ... 27

2.2.4 Instant Message Language ... .. 2.3 Culture and Language ... . 2.3.1 Culture ... . 2.3.2 Language ... .. 2.4 Linguistics ... .. 2.4.1 Linguistics Analysis ... . 2.4.2 Semantics ... . 39

40

2.5. Computer- Based Communication ... .

40

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

2.5.2.1 Motivation ... 42

2.5.2.2 Knowledge... 42

2.5.2.3 Skills ... 43

2.5.3 Computer- Based Communication Factors ... 45

2.5.3.1 Medium Factors... 45

2.5.3.1 Message Factors... 45

2.5.3.1 Context Factors... 45

2.5.4 Computer- Based Communication Out Comes.. 46

2.5.3.1. 2.5.32. Understanding ... . 2.5.3.3. Appropriateness ... . 2.5.3.4. Satisfaction ... . METHODOLOGY •.•••••••••••..••.•••...•••••..•••.•.••...•.••....•.•..• 3.1 Research Design... 48

3.2 Subject of the Study... 50

3.3 Instruments of Data Collection... SO 3.4 The Data of Study ... . 3.5 The Data Analysis ... . 3.5 .1 ()rganizing ··· ... ··· ... . 3.5.2 Coding The Data ... . 52 52 52 53 3.5.3 Data Elaboration ... ... 53

5.5.4 Interpreate Meaning ... 54

4.1 Analysis of Discourse Scaffolding... 55

4.1.1 Avarage Word in an Transmission... ... ... 55

4.1.2 Avarage Number ofTransmission ... 58

4.1.3 Grammatical CbaracterofUtterance Break... 61

4.2 Lexical Analysis ... ... ... ... ... .... 62

64 66 66

-

4.3.2.6 Mk ···

z

4.3.2.7 Sh ... .

':)

4.4 The Analysis of code Mixing ... .. 4.4.1 Rs and Ad ... ..

m

4.4.2 Rs and Jb... ... 70

72 72

73

4.5 1M Communication Type... 74

the users, who chat through Internet that make their conversation become more interesting

and efficient.

In everyday interaction, people usually choose different codes in different situations. "cUJar variety of codes because it makes easier to discuss a particular

topic, regardless where they are speaking. When they about work or school at home, for instance, they may

use

the language that associate to those fields rather-thin use the language used in daily communication at home (Holmes, 1992:31 ).

Short, Williams & Cristine ( 1976) assert that different communication media enable

different levels of experience of the social presence of individual who are engaged ·

communicating the level of experience of the social presence of other people is related to tlie

quality of medium.

Since the presence of 1M as one of the media of communication bas been highly

developed among the business people, it will be interesting to discuss the effect on this

from past generation to the next generation. Everything is changed, there is nothing ·

in this orld, including the language as part of culture. Kroeber & Kluckbo . (1952) state

that the term "culture" refers to all the characteristics common to a particular group of people

value that is received from last generation, who taught how to

speak, bow to act, how to treat people, how to dress up and many others as they belong to

communication work well. Despite the features that all share, each has its own characteristics.

a.

Mass communication consists of messages that are transmitted~ large, widespread audiences via electronic and print media: newspapers,magazines, television, radio, etc. Mass

communication differs from the interpersonal, small group,and public varieties.

First, mass mes~es are aimed at a large audience without an>.: ~rsonal contact

between sender and receivers. Second, most of the messages sent via mass communication

channels are developed, or at least financed,by large organizations. In this

communication is fur less personal and more of a product than the other types.

Finally, mass communication is almost always controlled by many gatekee rs who

determine what messages will be delivered to consumers, how they will be c n

when they will be delivered. Sponsors (whether corporate or govemm

producers, reporters, and executives all have the power to influence mass messages in ways

that don't affect most other types.

Public communication occurs when a group becomes too large for all members to

contribute. One characteristic of public communication is an unequal amount of speaking.

One or more people are likely to deliver their remarks to the remaining members, who act as an audience. This leads to a second characteristic of public settings: limited verbal feedback.

The audience isn't able to talk back in a two-way conversation the way they might in

a dyadic or small group setting. This doesn't mean that speakers operate in a vacuum when

delivering their remarks. Audiences often have a chance to ask questions and offer brief

comments, and their nonverbal reactions offer a wide range of clues about ir reception of

the speaker's remarks. Public speakers usually have a greater chance to

their remarks than do communicators in smaller settings.

c.

Small Group Communication

In small group communication every person can participate actively with tbe other members. Small groups are a common fixture of everyday life. A fumily is a groi!J), so are a

group of students working on a class project. Whatever their make up, small grQJ!DS possess characteristics that are not present in a dyad. For instance, two or more members of a group

can form a coalition to defend their position against other members, whereas in a dya9 the memEiers fuce each other on their own, without support from others.

In a group, the majority of members can put press

conform, eithe consciously or unconsciously; but in a dyad no such pressures exist.

would not dare if they were alone or in a dyad. With their greater size, groups also have the ability to be more creative than dyads. Finally, communication in groups is affected strongly

by the type of leader who is in a position of authority.

d. Dyadic/Interpersonal Communication

This form of communication describes the interactions of two or more people. The

most significant setting for in~l communication is direct face-to face

interview, a conversation, and intimate

communications come under this heading. It is more persuasive and influential than any other type of communication, for it involves the interplay of words and gestUres, the warmth of human closeness and in fact all the five senses. The fedback is instantaneous.

e. lntrapersonal Communication

Intra.personal Communication is communication within the people se ves. People

engage in intra.personal communication when they are thinking, listening, da,Y.dreaming,

studying, creating, contemplating or dreaming. They are both source and destination of this

type of communication. They use their brain waves as a channel; and the outComes are thoughts or ideas, sometimes decisions, and sometimes actions or behaviors.

They still communicate within the context or environment. Theil: ~e and other

social considerations shape the environment. This communication worlCS as we motivate

ourselves

Based on the channels used for communicating, the process of communication can be broadly classified as verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal

communication includes written and oral communication whereas the non-verbal

communication includes body language, facial expressions and visuals diagrams or pictures

used for communication.

a. Verbal Communicatioa

Verbal communication is further divided in two. First, the oral communication refers

to the

spoken

words in the communication process, Than, oral communication

can

either be

face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the voice chat over the

Internet.

Spoken conversations or dialogs are influenced by voice modulation, pitch) volume

and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The other type of verbal communication is

written communication. Written communication

can

be either via snail mail, or email. The

effectiveness of written communication depends on the style of writing, voc@ulary used.

grammar, clarity and precision of language.

b. Nonverbal Communication

speakipg, which will include the body pOst;ure, the hand gesture

expressions on a person's face say a lot about his/her mood. On the other hand gestures like a

handshake, a smile or a hug

can

independently convey emotions. Non verbal communication

can also be in the form of pictorial representations, signboards, or even photographs,

sketches and paintings.

Based on the style of communication, there can be two broad categories of communication. which are formal and informal communication that have their own set of

characteristic features.

a.

Formal Communication

Formal communication includes all the instances where communication ~ to occur

in a set formal format. Typically, this can include all sorts of business or corporate

communication. The style of communication in this form is very formal and official.

Official conferences, meetings,

communication. Formal communication can also occur between two strangers

meet fo the first time. Hence, formal communication is straightforward, official and always

precise and has a stringent and rigid tone to it.

Informal communication includes instances of free unrestrained communication

between people who share a casual rapport with each other. Informal communication

CHAPTERV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... - ... .

82

5.1 Conclusions... 87

5.2 Suggestions... 92

REFERENCES ... 88

APeENDJCES ···-··· ... ··-···-··· ·-··· ...•. 91

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

2-2. Transactional Communication'Model... 22

-

z

?

m

Computer Mediated Communication Competence. . . . ... .... ... 44

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

2.1 Communication Rights and Responsibilities ... 9

2.2 Factors to Consideration Choosing

24 4.1 ysis ofWord Quantity... 56

z

?

m

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Page

1 Analysis of Time Transmittion (Rs to :Ali) ••... 9I

2 Analysis of Time Transmittion (Rs to Jh) ... .

96

3

98

4 104

5

108

6 Analysis of Time Transmittion (Rs to Sh) ... ... .. . 112 7 Analysis of Time Transmittion (Rs to Mk) ... .

8 Analysis of Words Quantity (Rs to Ad) ... .

9 Analysis of Words Quantity (Rs to Jh) ... .

125

10

Analysis of Words Quantity (Rs to Js) ... ... .

127

II Analysis of Words Quantity (Rs to Ls) ... . I35

12

Analysis of Words Quantity (Rs toMs) ... .

141

13 Analysis of Words Quantity (Rs to Mk) ... .

148

14

Analysis of Words Quantity (Rs to Sh) ... . I 50

15 Analysis of Writing and Lexical (Rs to Ad) ... ... . 15I

16

ysis of Writing and Lexical (Rs to Jh) ... .

160

17

162

18

Analysis of Writing and Lexical (Rs to LS)... ... . ... ... .

170

19

176

20 Analysis of Writing and Lexical (Rs to Mk) ... .

184

21

Analysis of Writing and Lexical (Rs to Sh) ... .

186

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

30

32

-

z

?

m

Analysis of Code Mixing (Rs to Ad) ... .

187

Analysis of Code Mixing (Rs to Jh) ... . 199

Analysis of Code Mixing (Rs to Js) ... .

201

Analysis of Code Mixing (Rs to Ls) ... . 209

Analysis ot:eooe Mixing (Rs toMs) ... .

216

Analysis of Code Mixing (Rs to Mk) ... .

225

227

Supporting Subject Details ... .

227

Sampla of 1M Communication ... . 235

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Globalization refers to the dynamic development of cross-border movements of

goods. money. information. ideas. and people. together with the interdependency of ple

and institutions around the world. This interconnectednesS, and the changes it brings in liv-ing

conditions and perspectives. creates both opportunities and challenges. Globalization

processes are driven by science and technology, particularly new information ani:l

communication technologies. At the same time. globalization has strongly influenCed the

ways in which scientific knowledge and new technologies are produced and disseminated.

Technology and human and society have the interrelationship. HumJ.n needs

technology and technology only works if it is operated by human. Moreover, technolo is

created by human need as the main reason. A society involves number of people in a social

SMCt; r network held together by the sense of understanding and obli ·on towards the

betterment of the community and promotes a sense of togetherness within the members.

Then. technology itself can be defined as the process of applying established knowledge to

meet identified market and social needs.

Technology sources are the tools which have-been developed over time to help people

to get to lifestyles and increase comforticity levels and efficiency. Technology sources can

technology is electricity, telephones, medicinal discoveries, transportation etc., All the things

has exist for comfort and performance. Since the discovery of different invention, different

technology sources have come to the forefront and have known to affect the lifestyle of

humans.

It can be concluded that the most important contribution of technology to society is

making people live much easier and helping them. The usage of technology lias added a new

dimension to the work related community. Now with the use of Internet, pagers. mobile

phones, the working member of the family can be attend to the office work while at the same time,J>roviding due attention to his/her family.

Technology has touched every part of human's life as in communicatio0; flie use of

modem inventions like cellular phones, television and internet has become common in live,

moreover in world. Internet as modem life inventions helps people to get information faster

and allows them to stay connected with friends and other people. Previously, pewle used to

have a business meeting where they had a chat with each other and discussed tlieir problems. The distance is not an issue when communication is available through a phone

that is easily at hand. Nowadays, all considered about is checking emails and text messages

without the true emotional bond and relationship with others. It is keepmg toda 's people connected.

to simply "IM", is a rm of online communication that illows real-time interaction through personal computers or mobile computing devices. Users can exchange messages privately,

convention for Instant message (IM), the technology bas grown significantly from early

versions and now allows users to send images, audio and video files, and other attachments.

1M is gradually gaining acceptance in business organizations in recent years. Because of its supports of spontaneous and opportunistic communication, there are potential benefits

not provided by e-mail or other forms of computer-based communications. The unique presence awareness feature of 1M is useful in filling some of the gaps in traditional business communication systems for connecting distance workers, telecommuters, an

partners. For example, such capabilities geographically separated workers to work on the

same project, such as writing an agreement.

Hundreds even thousands of people use 1M to connect, send and receive messages almost every hour, from a wide spectrum of devices, while doing several other thfiigs at the same time. An important function of 1M at the work place is to facilitate team work between separated co-workers. With increasing use of outsourcing and off shoring, teams located on

different places desperately need a coordination tool that will allow them to

meetings and transfer documents, and respond to unanticipated events quickly: I is also ideal for spontaneous communications such as brief questions, clarifications, coordination,

scheduling, and other tasks that require the rapid exchange of information.

In writing, the I t Message (IM) users have developed an evolving syntax that

incluHes shorthand, acronY!!J§, sy1pbols, and other e ements that constitute a unique lexicon,

encouraging users to ifiteract in ways ot possible eiilier in person or with other forms of

electronic communication. While this dynamic development expands access to workers, who are uneasy with other types of communication, it also provides new modes of expression for

that group and to be accepted by the other member of the society. Those can be seperated

from each society. On the other hand, it is necessary to realize that instant message world has their own culture.

1M users belong to a group of people who have the agreement to understand each other so they stay connected. This medium force them to share infonnation and try to understand eacb other.

'Qlis

is a great finding to know bow the medium cbaiage the people, since they have to adapt, and how this new share information effected the culture.

1.2 Tbe Problems of tbe Study

The influence oftbe language ofiM is not merely in tbe conversation oftlle network, but has already spread into user culture and become a new developing language. 1M has brought different enjoyment to the dialogue of the daily life. In order to discuss ilie relation and condition of language style of IM in communication, especially on the business people.

There are some questions need to be answered:

1.

What are the types of language use in 1M communication?

2.

What type of code mixing is applied in IM communication?

IM is a form of online in internet, which is more instantaneous than emails. In this way, IM is a direct form of communication. The objectives of the study are:

I. To find out the types of language use 1M communication.

2. To find out the type of code mixing applied in 1M communication.

3. To find out the reason of business people apply the IM.

1.4 The Scope of the Study

J}ue to the existance of the language particularly used in I~

that they have made changes. The frequency of the changing might affect the users. People

need to adapt as they are a social human being. The study is focused n the linguistics and semantics analysis dealing with the code mixing. Linguistic analysis · s divided into two categories: discourse scaffolding (that is, bow the overall conversations were constructed)

and lexical issues (that is, issues relating to specific words).

The discourse scaffolding analysis includes:

a. Average length (in words) of an 1M transmission

b. Average number ofiM transmissions per minute

c.

d. Grammatical character of utterance breaks

The lexical analysis includes:

Use of abbreviations and acronyms

Boothe Prize Essay, Winter 2003 Honorable Mention) in 2003. He devides the type of IM

language base on the lexical item, those are the use of abbreviations, acronyms, emoticons and spelling errors/self-corrections.

I.S The Signiftean« of tlie Study

The study about the language style of Instant Message Communication bas a great significance in this

era

of technology. In the communication technology, it will be interesting

to explore how the 1M language affects the users, the young generation workers in language and culture development. Many people might not have good impressions of 1M language

using when they hear it, but if it is not really negative in every part. It is hoped that the exploration would lead to better understanding about do the IM language really affect to the users, especially the worker's language and culture. An addition, the purpose ·s that this research, hopefully can provide data that may help to find out the the points that considered

to be filtered in order to keep the culture exist and avoid the effect of negative

issue

that

might exist.

5.1 Conclusions

CHAPTERV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

The tremendous development in technology bas affected the lifestyle of people in

society. It will be wrong to say that the progress in technology is for the betterment ofi the society since it has bad bad implications also on people. It is also affecting worK; family,

ana

the economy. However, the effects of technology depend completely on the amount of

exposure people get to the technology source and the use they derive from the same.

This study is set out to seek answers to a number of questions concerning language

on on Instant Message communication. The study indicates that through the media. the

transmit 8-60 words/minute, which conversations contain approximately 30,93 % of all

transmissions were 1 word in length, 1M communication were done in very effective and

short time with minimum noise happen. Meanwhile the noise that mostl)! can diturb the

conversation, are the electricity problem (60%) and their willingness or mood of the user

(55%). One word traJiSmission shows that in 1M communication, the communication

frequently; done in compleate sentence, it is breaking to a few times, means every sentence

The frequency of language quantity used, also effected the completness of sentences

used. A lot utterance break was made by the subject which counted from 40 -50%, while

from the turn taking side, the users of this media is also pay less attention. They commonly just write the message and remind for the anwer by shocking the table of message.

Sometimes, this cases made the 1M less polite and far from the standard of business

communication as the

mown

as "7

C' (

conciseness; concreteness, clarity, completeness, courtesy, correctness, consideration)

The lexical analyzed number oftbe linguistic characteristics ofthe 1,300 words in the

1M communication found that of error words and typos mostly appem;because tbe speed of typing. Relatively, few abbreviations and acronyms appeared in the history of the message,

since the subject have to avoid misunderstanding and repetition because unsame shared

language this also can make them wasting their time. Emotion will only Used with a very

close friend, then, in business the formality still in prior, this makes emotion still be avoided

by users, and the most used were a smiley face, i.e., ©. This is for the politeness purpose.

The biggest number of the lexical analysis is Spelling correction or self correcness.

Some of these spelling errors were mostly corrected in subsequent turns. But sometimes it

reminded by partner of communication, in order to have better understanding. The awareness

of tH users will plays great rules in this case is the feeling of uncomfo o having mistake

that may cause herself ashameful. Therefore, through the data of the lexical analysis above, it

can be concluded tba1 the spelling and lexical item is remind in good level.

e results of this study also demonstrated that there

elements that might be ~nsible for the wide use of English or mixing among English, Indonesia, Mandarin and Hokkien by a multilinggual. Among these are: ease and mixing of

writing in English, Indonesia, Mandarin and Hokkien and limited space in the messages.

Since code-mixing is becoming increasingly common in more parts of the world, it is of the

utmost importance to understand how code-mixing, as a communicative strategy, functions

in this particular milenium.

__...-~

The results of this study reveal the fact that the participant exhibits the ability to

move

mrek

and forth more codes depending on the suitability of the~ communicative needs. Many instances of code-mixing in the data are found to serve various sociolinguistic

functions. Mixing to English, Indonesia, Mandarin and Hokkien as an embedded language,

for instance, was found to serve the functions of greeting, quoting someone, this is done to

highlight contextualized situations and quotations and a number of other sociology functions.

The mostly applied the insertion, it is conceived as something akin to borrowing, She just

_inserted the word from a or some language in to the other language without c

form of the sentence's structure and grammar. This comes from the direct translation that

commonly made. As Mandarin, Hokkien and Indonesia languages are not quite different in

structure.

However, it bas been observed that user do resort to English for a number of

sociolinguistic reasons. That is, they use some lexical items from Eng ish as a mark of

prestige, to fill gaps in the language or to serve the function of euphemism; using certain ;XJ>ressions m English in place of Indonesia or English wordS that may offend or suggest

oreover, it has been noticed that greetings and a

codemixing!switbching.

Finally, the emergence of new modes of communication like 1M over the past

twenty years has increased practices of both code-mixing and linguistic simplicity

throughout the user. We argue then that when code-mixing and simplicity of the linguistic

item will become extensive, entirely new linguistic varieties may exist.

fie usage of the Instant message itself for the company consist of five purposes. First, for the evidence purpose, economic purpose, entertain and self indroduction purpose,

comfort purpose and effectiveness purpose

S.l

Suggestions

Due to the rapid changing of the language and technology, it is suggeSted that the

other researcher can do further research in larger quantity of subject, in purpose to have more general and accurate result that can represent alJ person generally. As language is part of culture, any changes on one of them will change the other parts. Then, we need to keep the

language as a harritage to next generation with not much changes or at least e are able to

provide the data of the official language in this era and changing that already happeJJ. We

also have to realize that nothing immortal in this world, everything kee~ cHange, so does the langguage. History will provide data for people to have feedback point of learning.

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