AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S
BLACK HAWK DOWN MOVIE (2001)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Master Degree of Education in Magister of Language Study
By:
LINDA SAFITRI S200130036
MAGISTER OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2015
vii MOTTO
“Do not follow the ideas of others, but learn to listen to the voice within yourself. Your body and mind will become clear and you will realize the unity of all
viii DEDICATION
This this paper is proudly and wholeheartedly dedicates to:
- Her beloved father and mother (Bpk. Sri Suyatno and Ibu Sunarti), She really appreciate your wonderful kindness, thank for your care, love, support, and prayer for me. I really love you.
- Her beloved husband and daughter, thanks for the care, love, prayer and support to finishing this thesis.
- My advisors, Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S and Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed thank for your support and suggestion for me. May Allah bless you.
- My beloved friends, DREAM TEAM ( Impian & Agung) and all of my friends in the post- graduate of language study (Novi, Indah, Eny, Dini, Bu Suci, Bu Titin, Bang Ali, Danan, Hono, Adi, Hibat, Samingan), thank for your support and prayer.
ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdullilahirabil’alamin, all praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, the most gracious and the most merciful for blessing the writer to accomplish this thesis under the title “American Call For War : Cultural Reader Response to Ridley Scott’s “Black Hawk Down” Movie ( 2001)” . This thesis is one of requirement for getting the post graduate of language department at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The writer realizes that this would never be possible without contribute and support from others. The writer would like to express her graduate and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, S.H., M.Hum, the director of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department,
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S, and Dr.Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed, as advisors of this thesis who gave guided and advices during the arrangement of research paper from the beginning until the end, 4. The writer’s beloved Father and Mother who always give love,
x 5. Her husband and baby
6. All friends in Magister of Language Study in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, and
7. Her best friends, who always support, give prayer and strength.
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect and has a lot of weakness. Therefore, the writer thanks to the reader if they can contribute suggestions and criticisms to make this research paper better.
xi
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ... i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ... iii
APPROVAL ... iv
APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION ... v
PRONOUNCEMENT ... vi MOTTO ... vii DEDICATION ... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMNT ... ix TABLE OF CONTENT ... xi ABSTRACT ... xiv ABSTRAK ... xv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Limitation of the Study ... 5
1.3 Problem Statement ... 6
1.4 Objective of the Study ... 6
1.5 Benefits of the Study ... 6
1.6 Research Paper Organization ... 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND UNDERLYING THEORY 2.1 The Notion of Reader Response ... 8
2.1.1. The Theoretical Perspectives on Response ... 11
2.1.2. Applying the Cultural Reader Response Strategies .. 14
xii
2.1.2.2. Elements of the Culture ... 15
2.2. Theoretical Framework ... 18
2.3. Previous Studies ... 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1.Research Type ... 24
3.2.Research Object ... 25
3.3.Data and Data Source ... 25
3.4.Technique Collecting Data... 27
3.5.Technique Analyzing Data... 28
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Research Finding ... 29 4.1.1. Reviewers by Country ... 29 4.1.2. Reviewers by Year ... 32 4.1.3. Main Issues ... 33 4.1.4. Detailed Issues ... 36 4.1.4.1. Movie Production ... 36 4.1.4.2. Social ... 55 4.1.4.3. Propaganda ... 63 4.1.4.4. Military ... 67 4.1.4.5. Politics ... 72 4.1.4.6. Suffering ... 76 4.1.4.7. Race ... 79 4.1.4.8. Religion ... 82 4.2. Discussion ... 83
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion ... 94
xiii 5.2. Pedagogical Implication ... 96 5.3. Suggestion ... 97 BIBLIOGRAPHY VIRTUAL REFERENCES APPENDIX
xiv ABSTRACT
Linda Safitri, S200130036. AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S BLACK HAWK DOWN MOVIE (2001). Thesis. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2015.
The research’s purpose is to reveal how the cultural reader response reflected in the Black Hawk Down movie. There are three objectives of the study; the first is to describe the dominant issues by the reviewers in applying reader response theory, second is to explain the background of the reviewer response to the movie and third is to explain the reasons that influenced American reviewer call for war to Somalia city.
The dominant issue which is respond by the reviewers is the war movie dealing with the cultural reader response. This study is a qualitative study and using two data sources; they are primary and secondary data. The primary data source is the reviews of Black Hawk Down movie (2001) by Ridley Scott from IMDb (Internet Movie Database). The secondary data of this study are taken from other sources such as literary book, previous studies, articles, journals, and also website related to reader response theory. The outcome of the study shows the issue variation of cultural reader response. They are consisting of movie production, social, propaganda, military, politics, suffering, race and religion. The dominant of the issue variation is movie production. It consists of the elements of the movie that supported it such as; plot, director, actor, cinematography, acting, music, editing and etc. The word of American call for war it is taken from the story of the movie of Black Hawk Down. It is not taken from the political, propaganda, military and social issues.
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xv ABSTRAK
Linda Safitri, S200130036. AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S BLACK HAWK DOWN MOVIE (2001). Thesis. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2015.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana budaya respon pembaca tercermin dalam film Black Hawk Down. Ada tiga tujuan dari penelitian ini; yang pertama adalah untuk menggambarkan isu-isu yang dominan oleh pengulas dalam menerapkan teori tanggapan pembaca, kedua adalah untuk menjelaskan latar belakang dari respon resensi pada film dan ketiga adalah untuk menjelaskan alasan alasan yang mempengaruhi panggilan resensi dari Amerika untuk perang ke kota Somalia.
Isu dominan yang ditanggapi oleh pengulas adalah film perang yan berhubungan dengan budaya respon pembaca. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan dua sumber data; data primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer adalah review dari Black Hawk Down film (2001) oleh Ridley Scott dari IMDb (Internet Movie Database). Data sekunder dari penelitian ini diambil dari sumber-sumber lain seperti buku sastra, studi sebelumnya, artikel, jurnal, dan juga situs yang berkaitan dengan teori tanggapan pembaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi isu budaya respon pembaca. Mereka terdiri dari produksi film, sosial, propaganda, militer, politik, penderitaan, ras dan agama. Dominan dari variasi masalah adalah produksi film. Ini terdiri dari unsur-unsur film yang mendukungnya seperti; plot, sutradara, aktor, sinematografi, akting, musik, editing dan lain-lain Kata dari panggilan Amerika untuk perang itu diambil dari kisah film Black Hawk Down. Itu tidak berasal dari isu politik, propaganda, militer dan isu sosial.
